不确定性、普通商品定价和资产定价

考察普通的商品的定价理论的历史,我们发现从劳动价值论、效用理论以及新古典的一般均衡分析中的时间维度都是面向历史的,也就是说在普通商品的定价理论中,我们的思维范式是面向历史的定价模式。但是基于无套利思想的资产定价中的时间维度则是面向未来的,这种面向未来的定价范式使得我们虚拟资产的定价更多地反应了人们对虚拟资产未来盈利能力的预期,也使得资产价格表现出比普通商品价格更多的波动性。     

过度自信、流动性和资产定价

本文研究了过度自信的投资者在一个多阶段金融市场中是如何影响均衡价格和投资者要求的期望收益的.结论表明,由于投资者过度自信,容易低估风险,从而在一段时期内会使得价格急剧上升.投资者人数实际上是股票市场流动性的一个表征,我们的结论表明,由于过度自信的投资者的存在,他们实际上充当了流动性提供者的角色,从而使得一段时期内即使对理性投资者来说,依然导致了风险的暂时降低,他们也会接受比较高的资产价格,要求相对比较低的期望收益.     

基于风险基金的资本资产定价模型

本文提出并证明了基于风险基金的CAPM模型。基于风险基金的CAPM模型描述了资产的收益与风险之间的线性关系 ,其中资产的风险定义为资产收益率与风险基金收益率的协方差除以风险基金收益率的方差。作为应用例子 ,本文使用基于风险基金的CAPM模型证明了著名的CCAPM模型。     

经济增长有效性和非有效性的研究

经济增长并不必然是有效的。文章用四种标准区分了经济的有效和非有效增长。并对如何实现有效的经济增长提出了政策建议。     

个体理性、风险偏好、社会地位与我国消费增长--基于跨期替代资产选择理论模型的研究

文章基于跨期替代资产选择理论,建立了一个较符合我国实际的模型,并结合相关经济数据,将其用以分析我国消费增长问题.研究结果发现:(1)提高跨期替代弹性是解决我国消费不足问题的关键;(2)通过减少个体风险偏好或提高其对社会地位的重视程度来增加消费的方法在理论上并不可行;(3)通过减少贫富差距来减少社会地位因素的受重视程度,可能对刺激消费有一定作用.     

我国经济增长和就业增长非一致性的制度解释

我国经济的高速增长并没有对就业产生多大的拉动力,反而在一定的程度上对就业增长产生了挤出作用,体现了经济增长与就业增长的非一致性。导致这种状况的根本原因在于各级政府的政绩考核过分偏重GDP、没有建立完善的现代产权制度、劳动力市场制度不完善、社会保障制度滞后和教育结构失衡等。要实现经济和就业同步增长,就要树立科学发展观,需要对以上相关制度进行改革和调整。     

社会资本、人力资本与经济增长

笔者采用截面数据回归分析法及时间序列数据协整分析法对中国社会资本的不同维度——信任和民间组织与人力资本、经济增长的关系进行实证研究。结果表明,我国社会资本通过影响人力资本而影响经济增长,人力资本是我国社会资本作用于经济增长的机制之一。     

中国经济增长与就业增长的非一致性分析

改革开放以来,中国国民经济增速较快,但在GDP保持高速增长的同时,就业率并没有保持相应的同步增长.导致这一问题出现的原因是多方面的,其中最重要的原因是地方政府对经济增长的过分偏好和对就业问题的相对忽视.要解决这一问题,就要从中国国情出发,充分发挥政府部门作用,以实现经济与就业的同步增长.     

社会平等、中性政府与中国经济增长

本文从社会平等的角度给出了一个对中国经济增长的政治经济学解释。本文的理论模型表明,平等的社会结构使得政府选择成为一个中性政府,即在社会群体之间没有特定长期偏好的政府,这样的政府更可能把资源分配给生产力比较高的社会群体,从而促进经济增长。得益于中国革命所带来的平等的社会结构,以及改革开放初期党的工作重点向经济建设的转移,中国政府在过去三十多年是一个中性政府,采纳了有利于经济长期发展的政策。但同时,政府把有限的资源分配给生产力较高的群体或地区,必然会扩大收入差距。     

Status Aspirations, Wealth Inequality, and Economic Growth

This paper argues that an increase in the inequality of wealth prompts a stronger quest for status that in turn fosters the accumulation of wealth. It proposes a measure for an individual's want of social status. For a given level of a population's wealth, the corresponding aggregate measure of want of social status is shown to be positively related to the Gini coefficient of wealth inequality. Hence, the Gini coefficient and growth are positively correlated, holding the population's wealth constant.     

公司治理、股票估值与资产定价

鉴于公司治理的重要性,上市公司越来越重视公司治理信息的披露,监管部门等机构出台了相关的公司治理披露政策,进而使得投资者购买公司股票时,能够考虑公司治理因素。由内在价值理论和相对估值理论组成的传统估值理论没有考虑公司治理因素,公司治理是否影响股票价格和如何影响股票价格问题有待深入研究。在资产定价模型中,单因素模型和多因素模型的解释能力不是很理想,公司治理风险因子的提出将有利于完善定价模型,治理溢价这个市场异例的本质、检测和存在原因将是未来公司治理关注的焦点之一。     

居民消费、自然储蓄与资产价格

凯恩斯的储蓄一投资恒等式忽视了消费者的储蓄行为的重要信息,是导致CCAPM遭遇实证难题的重要原因之一,本文结合储蓄理论来改进CCAPM。储蓄理论的研究对象是居民可支配收入中既不购买消费品,也不购买投资品的“冗余”部分。这些收入“冗余”的数量与储蓄收益率（利率）无关,给消费者带来了直接的效用,笔者称之为自然储蓄。本文把自然储蓄加入到标准CCAPM的理论框架内,重新讨论自然储蓄、消费和资产价格之间的长期均衡关系,发现除基于消费的风险溢价以外,传统股权溢价还包括了基于储蓄的风险溢价,最后利用中国经济数据进行了实证检验,为理论模型提供了经验证据的支持。其他结论如下：自然储蓄抑制了消费者对金融资产的需求,这为发展中国家普遍出现的“超额储蓄”与欠发达金融市场并存的现象提供一种新的理论性解释;我国消费者的储蓄效用弹性远高于消费效用弹性,说明储蓄政策是比消费政策更为有效的资产市场调控手段。     

Wealth Inequality and Asset Pricing

In an Arrow–Debreu exchange economy with identical agents except for their initial endowment, we examine how wealth inequality affects the equilibrium level of the equity premium and the risk-free rate. We first show that wealth inequality raises the equity premium if and only if the inverse of absolute risk aversion is concave in wealth. We then show that the equilibrium risk-free rate is reduced by wealth inequality if the inverse of the coefficient of absolute prudence is concave. We also prove that the combination of a small uninsurable background risk with wealth inequality biases asset pricing towards a larger equity premium and a smaller risk-free rate.     

Stochastic Dominance, Pareto Optimality, and Equilibrium Asset Pricing

This paper introduces the concept of a factor subspace in competitive equilibrium asset pricing. A factor subspace contains the market portfolio and is such that every marketed contingent claim is second-order stochastically dominated by a claim from the factor subspace. Conditions are given for the existence of equilibrium, and it is shown how APT and CAPM can be interpreted in the framework of the paper. If sufficiently many call options on the market portfolio are traded, then the space spanned by these options can be used as the factor subspace.     

Rational Pessimism, Rational Exuberance, and Asset Pricing Models

The paper estimates and examines the empirical plausibility of asset pricing models that attempt to explain features of financial markets such as the size of the equity premium and the volatility of the stock market. In one model, the long-run risks (LRR) model of Bansal and Yaron, low-frequency movements, and time-varying uncertainty in aggregate consumption growth are the key channels for understanding asset prices. In another, as typified by Campbell and Cochrane, habit formation, which generates time-varying risk aversion and consequently time variation in risk premia, is the key channel. These models are fitted to data using simulation estimators. Both models are found to fit the data equally well at conventional significance levels, and they can track quite closely a new measure of realized annual volatility. Further, scrutiny using a rich array of diagnostics suggests that the LRR model is preferred.     

Social Status,Labour Market Frictions and Endogenous Growth

This paper develops an endogenous growth model that incorporates wealth‐enhanced preferences for social status and labour market frictions to investigate the role of social status in determining unemployment and long‐run growth. We show that the increase in the desire for social status reduces the unemployment rate, but its effect on long‐run growth is unclear. We then calibrate our model to the US economy and find that an increase in the desire for social status lowers the unemployment rate and enhances the economic growth rate in the long run.     

我国能源利用效率与经济增长关系的分析

能源消费是经济发展的基础,没有一定量的能源消费就谈不上经济发展。我国实现节约型社会的必然选择首先是节约能源,而节约能源的关键措施就是提高能源利用效率。文章从能源投入和能源效率等影响经济增长的因素方面来阐明能源利用效率和经济增长的关系,进而提出了提高我国能源效率的对策建议。     

Modelling Social Infrastructure and Economic Growth

This paper develops a growth model with a public sector and a human capital sector to explore the impact of social infrastructure on investment in physical capital, the accumulation of skills, output, and consumption. We show that the implications of the model are consistent with the empirical observations of Hall and Jones (1999 ). Economies where government policies and institutions encourage production over diversion have a larger 'stock' of social infrastructure, conditional on population size and sophistication of diversion technologies, which raises output per worker by increasing the extent of participation in market, rather than diversive, activities. The magnitude of these effects depends on economic agents' inherent propensity for rent-seeking. In addition, economies with unstable governments may suffer from an under-provision of social infrastructure and, consequently, have reduced levels of capital and output per worker.