Dynamic Efficiency with Learning by Doing

This article focuses on the measurement of economic efficiency of firms in an industry in a dynamic framework, where R&D investments and learning experience play critical roles. Dynamic aspects of cost and production efficiency and the impact of capital through learning by doing are developed here in semiparametric forms. The production and cost frontiers estimated here for the US computer industry over the period 1987–98 are robust in the sense that no specific functional form need be assumed. The empirical estimates measure the pattern of level and growth efficiency in the computer industry, which has undergone rapid changes in recent years.     

Seller competition by mechanism design

This paper analyzes a market game in which sellers offer trading mechanisms to buyers and buyers decide which seller to go to depending on the trading mechanisms offered. In a (subgame perfect) equilibrium of this market, sellers hold auctions with an efficient reserve price but charge an entry fee. The entry fee depends on the number of buyers and sellers, the distribution of buyer valuations, and the buyer cost of entering the market. As the size of the market increases, the entry fee decreases and converges to zero in the limit. We study how the surplus of buyers and sellers depends on the number of agents on each side of the market in this decentralized trading environment.     

服务型政府目标下的行政效率建设

服务型政府建设是我国行政改革的重要内容。而行政效率是服务型政府的要求和保障。目前由于职能转变不到位、行政垄断以及监督制约机制缺乏等原因,导致我国政府行政效率相对低下。而要进一步提升行政效率,政府必须以服务型政府建设为目标,构建积极的行政文化,完善行政运行机制并不断进行管理创新。     

大股东控制型公司治理的效率评价

本从全球公司治理的演变趋势入手,在总结国内外学关于大股东控制型公司治理的论述基础上,研究了大股东控制型公司的治理效率,提出了大股东控制型公司治理符合公司治理进化方向的观点,章最后结合我国国有股减持的政策背景,就我国公司治理结构的转轨方向提出了相关的政策建议。     

论效率

效率，存在于一切运动领域，但只有人才能主动地认识和提高效率。管理，作为人的操作方式，其核心就是为了提高效率。效率是一个复杂的多维的立体的动态的“全息”概念，效率原则，就是在实际生活中，严格地以追求高效率为目标，一切行动以高效率作为衡量的标准。效率原则的实现需要进行效率革命。效率革命的成果表现为效率文明。但真正要进行效率革命，创造效率文明，必须用科学的方法，把提高效率作为一项系统工程。     

政府教育支出的经济增长效应研究

政府教育支出的经济增长效应是经济学界研究的重要问题。文章首先建立一个包含政府教育支出的两部门内生增长模型,对中国政府教育支出的经济增长效应进行分析,实证结论是:长时期内中国政府教育支出的经济增长效应是正。因此,应进一步增加政府教育支出,并通过改进投资结构和进度,使之对长期经济增长起到更为重要的促进作用。     

采用循环经济和技术经济提高资源利用效率

中国经济的发展面临着资源瓶颈和环境容量的严重制约。本文分析了我国资源利用现状,以资源减量化为前提,倡导采用循环经济和技术经济,以提高资源利用效率,并以二氧化碳的二次处理研究问题为案例,对本文提出的研究观点进行佐证。     

中国农村小额信贷的减贫效应分析

文章系统回顾了小额信贷与经济发展的相关研究文献,结合我国有关统计数据,采用回归模型和协整分析方法,重点就农村金融发展与农村减贫效应进行了深入研究。文章认为,提高农村金融发展水平有助降低农村贫困程度。并在此基础上联系我国小额信贷业务开展实际,就相关问题提出了政策建议。     

Incomplete Markets, Allocative Efficiency, and the Information Revealed by Prices

We compare rational expectations equilibria with different degrees of information revelation through prices. These equilibria arise in a two-period exchange economy with finitely many states and signals, multiple commodities and incomplete financial markets for nominal assets. We show that there are always equilibria where information is redundant in the sense of being of no value to the uninformed traders. We give conditions under which for a generic set of economies, parametrized by endowments and utilities, there exist open sets of equilibria for which allocative and informational efficiency are independent, with implications for monetary policy. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D52, D60, D82, E52.     

非对称信息下的中央银行非现场监管效率问题研究

随着金融国际化浪潮的到来 ,一方面 ,金融交易的规模急剧增大 ,另一方面金融交易结构复杂化 ,使金融活动的透明度降低 ,风险加大。同时对金融监管当局准确及时把握相关信息也提出了更高的要求。但金融市场又存在非对称信息。本文的研究正是围绕如何降低非对称信息风险、提高中央银行非现场监管效率这一问题展开的。     

黑龙江省科技资源配置效率的DEA分析

科技资源配置效率对科技系统的功能和效率有重要的影响,在很大程度上决定着区域科技能力的强弱。本文运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法常用的C2R和BC2模型,评价分析了黑龙江省各地区科技资源配置的有效性,并提出了黑龙江省科技资源优化配置的对策和建议。     

Efficiency Wages and X-Inefficiencies

Within most organizations, agents may spend time on a variety of tasks — productive and redistributive. In this paper, I derive an optimal multi-task incentive scheme under the assumption that agents have limited liability. The wage level is shown to increase with an agent's discretion and the organization's profits. With multiple agents, it is generally not optimal for the principal to fully eliminate distributional conflict within the organization. The resulting influence costs constitute a measure of X-inefficiency. The analysis illuminates the relationship between competition and influence costs, emphasizing the role of the organization's production technology.     

私有制的效率——马克思制度理论与新制度经济学观点的比较

文章从私有制度的效率出发,对马克思的私有制与新制度经济学的私有产权在不同语境下的问题进行了研究,通过提出马克思的私有制理论与新制度经济学的私有产权理论的重大差异、制度效率观的差异阐述了马克思同新制度经济学对私有制认识的不同及原因。提出马克思私有制的观点同新制度经济学不能简单的谈互补,而是要在特定的历史环境下来分析两者的关系与作用,关键的问题是形成什么样的互补关系,以此科学界定公有制与私有制的范围,制度选择和制度效率问题要考虑最终的结果即社会分配问题。既要坚持公有制的主导作用,也要不断完善私有产权的运行过程和方式。     

Statistical Discrimination and Efficiency

This paper asks whether statistical discrimination is a market failure. I consider the problem for a utilitarian social planner who operates in an environment that can generate statistical discrimination as an equilibrium phenomenon. It is found that there are potential efficiency gains from discrimination in terms of reduced "mismatch" between workers and jobs. Whether the solution to the planning problem involves discrimination depends on the trade-off between the informational gains of specialization and the losses in terms of increased investment costs.     

Non Parametric Efficiency Measurement

Efficiency measurement using non parametric methods is increasing rapidly. One important initial step in measuring efficiency is deciding which software package to make use of. Here Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) efficiency packages are reviewed, including those which undertake Malmquist productivity analysis. While most packages are commercially available, the one which is not a commercial product has an obvious initial advantage.