民间金融组织演化历程综述

本文对民间金融组织演化历程进行了分析。民间金融组织是指所有权属于民间资本,具有互助性或者商业性,或者二者兼而有之的中小型金融组织机构。它既包括"类金融机构",也包括合法经营的民间金融公司,还包括民间借贷这种原始的民间金融组织形式。民间金融组织演化,既包括合会、私人钱庄、典当行等传统民间金融组织的现代化演化,也包括小额贷款公司、村镇银行等合法经营民间金融组织的演化,还包括互联网金融组织等新型民间金融组织的发展与演化。     

抑制型民间金融组织的演化研究

本文利用民间金融组织的成熟度这个变量作为研究工具,并利用广义Gompertz生长函数建立抑制型民间金融组织演化模型。在模型中将抑制型民间金融组织演化分为五种类型,并对演化类型和演化路径进行分析。结论是,现有的民间金融组织在抑制的大背景下,其演化路径具有逼近和靠近的特点,但是不能正规化、合法化经营,民间金融组织演化中存在着疑问与不确定性。     

我国民间借贷演进路径分析

文章通过分析民间借贷的演进路径,建议国家对不同的民间借贷形式采取区别对待政策,确认合会等民间借贷组织模式的合法性,促进民间借贷组织与正规金融组织的对接,完善民间投资渠道和征信体系建设,从而引导和促进民间借贷的健康发展,在民间借贷和正规金融组织间形成良性的互动,共同推动经济社会的发展。     

浅谈中国民间金融的规范化发展

民间金融作为正规金融的补充,为地方经济和民营经济的发展提供了巨额的资金支持。目前中国民间金融的规模相当庞大,且呈逐年快速增加的趋势。民间金融中大量存在的违法金融组织和金融行为,导致金融市场存在着巨大的风险。为此,应明确监管部门的角色定位,改善民间金融的制度环境,深化金融改革,采取切实有效的措施规范民间金融的发展,完善中国金融体系。     

农村民间金融组织的风险与规范

农村民间金融组织具有私人性、社区性等方面的特征,同时存在地下性、非正规性等风险,必须规范农村民间金融组织的组织制度和业务经营,促进其健康发展.     

试析金融压抑下民间金融的发展取向

在金融压抑下日益扩大的民间金融，作为非正规金融范畴，在某种程度上已经成为正规金融的必要的有益的补充，其积极作用已经得到金融当局的重视。当前迫切要求在降低金融压抑的前提下，建立健全民间金融的法律法规，开发面向民间金融主体的创新金融工具，建立和完善民营金融机构，完善面向民间融资需求的金融市场体系，进行“只贷不存”的民间金融组织建设试点。     

农村民间金融组织监管制度的创新路径

我国农村民间金融组织的广泛存在已是不争的事实,而现有相关法律法规对其监管却比较滞后,主要原因在于国家对民间金融力量的忽视与不信任.因此,应当在政府转变观念、承认民间力量重要作用的前提下,从法律法规、金融市场准入和退出制度、存款保险制度、金融产权制度、利率市场化、建立行业协会等方面入手构建适合农村民间金融组织发展的监管体系.     

我国农村民间金融组织研究述评

文章从界定概念 ,以及经济学、社会学人类学、政治学与法律等不同视角的研究成果等方面对农村民间金融组织进行综述 ,并简要评述了目前我国农村民间金融组织研究的特点和不足之处。     

民间金融与中小企业发展:对温州的实证分析

本文以温州为例对中小企业发展与民间金融互动关系问题进行了实证分析。温州中小企业 (尤其是规模居中的中小企业 )对于民间金融有着较为明显的需求。在民间金融供给方面 ,我们对温州介入中小企业信贷的民间金融规模及运作方式进行了分析。本文认为 ,政府需要建立多元化的中小企业融资服务体系 ,引导民间金融组织逐步演化为规范化运作的、定位于中小企业融资服务的民营金融机构 ,才能从根本上解决中小企业融资问题     

浅谈我国农村民间金融体系的规范和发展

农村民间金融内生于经济发展过程之中，其作用是体制内金融部门所不能替代的。政府应为其发展提供一个与国有金融体系平等竞争的市场环境和政策环境。构建我国农村民间金融体系应以产权制度理论为指导，通过宏观调控和市场竞争机制，把农村民间金融组织纳入统一的金融体系之中。     

Labour mobility during transitionEvidence from Georgia1

This article deals with labour mobility in Georgia during economic transition. We use quarterly 1998–99 panel data to examine mobility across six labour market statuses (inactivity, unemployment, formal wage employment, informal wage employment, self‐employment and farming). Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis of labour market segmentation. Formal employment is preferred to informal employment. Unemployment is largely a queuing device for individuals with higher education waiting for formal jobs. Some self‐employment is subsistence activities and consistent with a segmented labour market, while other is high risk and potentially high return activities. Age, gender and education are significant determinants of labour mobility. Finally, informal employment serves as a buffer in times of recession – with farming and informal wage employment absorbing labour shed by other statuses during the Russian financial crisis.     

Interaction of formal and informal financial markets in quasi-emerging market economies

The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the interaction of formal and informal financial markets and their impact on economic activity in quasi-emerging market economies. Using a four-sector dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with asymmetric information in the formal financial sector, we come up with three fundamental findings. First, we demonstrate that formal and informal financial sector loans are complementary in the aggregate, suggesting that an increase in the use of formal financial sector credit creates additional productive capacity that requires more informal financial sector credit to maintain equilibrium. Second, it is shown that interest rates in the formal and informal financial sectors do not always change together in the same direction. We demonstrate that in some instances, interest rates in the two sectors change in diametrically opposed directions with the implication that the informal financial sector may frustrate monetary policy, the extent of which depends on the size of the informal financial sector. Thus, the larger the size of the informal financial sector the lower the likely impact of monetary policy on economic activity. Third, the model shows that the risk factor (probability of success) for both high and low risk borrowers plays an important role in determining the magnitude by which macroeconomic indicators respond to shocks.     

基于短期局部均衡的民间金融高利率解释

笔者引入正规金融机构贷款隐性成本概念,说明民间金融利率不仅需要参考正规金融机构贷款利率,还要包含借款人享受正规金融利率所需付出的隐性成本,进而构建局部均衡模型,说明隐性成本是民间金融高利率的重要原因,并提出有效降低隐性成本的建议。     

非正规金融市场:反应性还是自主性?——基于温州民间利率的经验研究

关于温州非正规金融市场利率的大多数典型事实都可以在"反应性"非正规金融范畴内得到合理的解释.支持温州非正规金融具有"反应性"的有力证据来自于对相关变量进行Granger因果关系检验及其脉冲响应分析.这些实证分析表明,正规金融对中小企业的信贷扩张将深刻改变非正规金融市场资金价格的短期走势.然而协整分析表明,在非正规金融市场利率与中小企业信贷水平之间并不存在一种长期的均衡关系.一个整合的分析框架应该被应用于理解温州非正规金融.在该框架中,非正规金融的"反应性"与"自主性"是互为补充的.     

The impact of formal financial inclusion on informal financial intermediation and cash preference: evidence from Africa

This paper examines the effect of formal financial intermediation (inclusion) on informal financial intermediation and the use of cash for economic activities. Using data from the Global Findex 2014, we examine whether the use of formal financial intermediaries reduces cash preference and the use of informal financial intermediaries. Our empirical results show that informal financial intermediation is positively associated with formal financial inclusion. This indicates that the relationship between informal and formal financial intermediation is complementary rather than a trade-off, which demonstrates the importance of informal finance plays in the financial system of Africa. Moreover, the use of formal financial intermediaries significantly reduces the preference for holding cash, implying that a robust financial system infrastructure has the potential of mobilizing excess liquidity in the informal economy of Africa for growth and development.     

基于制度经济学的我国农村金融需求分析

农户和农村企业的存、贷款金融需求具有多层次差异性、高成本与高风险、季节性和时间性及需求多元化等四个方面的特征.应从金融供给层次化,加快发展农村保险市场和非正规金融市场等三方面改善农村金融服务.     

金融生态环境视角的非正规金融生态状况研究

运用金融生态理论,从金融生态环境角度分析非正规金融存在的经济基础、非正式制度的作用、法制环境以及金融生态的自我调节机制.可以认为中小企业和个私经济是非正规金融存在的经济基础;善于利用社会传统和习俗等非正式制度进行有效的风险控制是相对正规金融的优势;非正规金融没有合法地位,经营方式隐蔽,处于监管之外,导致金融风险隐患的形成;非正规金融市场化的利率机制会产生某些负效应.针对非正规金融生态上述现状,提出相应政策建议.     

非正规金融与正规金融:互补还是替代?——基于DSGE模型的相互作用机制研究

文章通过建立四部门动态随机一般均衡模型,分析了二元金融体系下正规金融与非正规金融部门之间的作用机制,并对模型进行数值模拟。研究发现,在居民消费偏好冲击和技术冲击两种情况下,正规金融与非正规金融部门之间主要是互补关系,表现为两部门贷款利率和贷款规模的同向变动;而在货币政策冲击下,两部门短期内呈现相互替代的关系。     

论非正规金融之于农村反贫困的作用机制与制度安排

一直以来,非正规金融处于被打击的状态,但是,作为一种诱致性制度变迁的产物,它顽强地生存了下来,并在许多地区呈扩大之势。非正规金融的制度优势使其在农村反贫困中发挥了正规金融难以替代的作用。基于此,本文探讨了农村非正规金融对于反贫困的作用机制,并提出了相应的制度安排。     

Racial/Ethnic disparities in high return investment ownership: a Heckman selection model

This study investigates racial/ethnic differences in high return investment ownership in the U.S. Households with low levels of financial assets might not be able to meaningfully make investment choices, so a Heckman two-stage selection model was used to separate the minimum asset level status from the allocation decision, specifically in whether households owned at least one high return investment. We found that households with White respondents were more likely than households with Black and Hispanic respondents to have adequate financial assets for investment. Conditional on having adequate financial assets, and controlling for household characteristics and financial literacy, White households were more likely to own high return investments than Black, Hispanic and Asian/other households. Policies to nudge households to invest some wealth in high return investment assets would benefit minority households.