战略采购

随着市场经济的发展,采购已由单纯的商业买卖发展成为一种职能,上升为企业战略的一部分。采购是企业价值链的源泉,采购对企业竞争力的构筑具有至关重要的作用。因此,现代企业应该建立起一套战略采购与供应管理系统。     

基于战略采购的TG钢铁企业供应商绩效管理研究

通过对供应商绩效管理研究状况的分析,根据钢铁企业所处的行业性质,研究了TG钢铁企业供应商选择、绩效评估和战略采购的管理过程和方法,结论表明,TG钢铁企业只有合理的选择和考核供应商,并采取战略采购的方式与供应商建立战略联盟关系,才能提升TG钢铁企业供应链管理的绩效.研究结论对钢铁企业基于战略采购的供应商绩效管理具有重要的参考价值.     

推进集团化采购的探索与实践

集团化采购是国际上大型企业集团物资采购的中要方式,在节约成本、控制资源、防控风险方面有不可替代的优势。本文通过对中国石化集团公司推进集团化采购历程及主要做法的分析,阐述了集团化采购发展和实践过程,介绍了集团化采购的四种实现形式,为正在推进集团化采购的企业提供借鉴与经验。     

钢铁企业新型战略采购体系的构建

在成本大幅上升,产能过快释放的双重压力下,钢铁工业盈利能力不断下降.面对钢铁行业的严峻形势,企业如何以市场为导向,降低采购成本,在经济危机中求得生存;如何寻求外部环境与内部条件的最佳平衡点,明确企业在未来较长一段时期内的采购战略,已成为钢铁企业迫切需要解决的课题.因此,着重对钢铁企业战略采购体系进行了研究,对体系的构建原则、基本框架及主要内容进行了阐述     

改进中国石化战略采购对策

随着经济全球化的发展与市场竞争的日益激烈,许多国际大公司实施了战略采购策略。战略采购是一种采购策略,指买方企业基于控制供应风险、降低供应总成本、减少库存、提高质量、开发新产品、改善服务等各种不同目标而与其供应商所建立起的互利互惠的长期合作关系。     

初试供应链采购管理新模式

传统采购的重点放在如何和供应商进行商业交易的活动上，比较重视交易过程供应商销售价格的比较，通过供应商之间的多头竞争，从中选择价格最低的作为合作者。质量与交货期只能通过事后把关，难以进行有效控制。传统的采购方式下，供应与需求双方只是一种临时性关系，难以保证产品供应的质量、交货期。要提高采购管理水平，确保采购物资的及时、稳定、优质供应，     

通过战略采购实现价值

随着近几年原材料(包括零部件)价格的大幅波动,企业的采购职能从来没有如此受到重视,国内企业纷纷引入招标比价(包括网上招标)、供应商管理库存(VMI)、长约采购等先进采购方式。这些采购技术的引进确实部分     

达特茅斯大学塔克商学院——联盟采购还是电子采购？

随着外包和网络下单的迅速普及，很多公司建立具有专业的采购团队以及和一些核心供应商建立长期关系，而有的公司使用网上招标采购战略。采购经理经常面临着这样的问题：战略联盟关系应该继续吗？还是应该网上招标采购？什么样的产品和服务更适合网上招标？     

供应链管理环境下的战略采购

近几年来，随着供应链管理的不断发展，采购供应管理已经成为企业实现柔性化经营，有效应对市场的重要手段。本文全面分析了供应链管理环境下，采购供应管理的特点、趋势，并且提出现代战略采购管理只有打破单一界面、站在企业整体最优和供应链最优基础上，实现供应细分管理，才能真正为企业取得生存和发展的空间。     

企业多元化经营战略初探

多元化经营可定义为企业向市场提供本质和用途不同的多种类型的产品和服务。企业实行多元化经营的动因是多方面的,它既是一种适应外界环境压力的防御性措施,也是一种在市场机制下谋求生存发展、不断开拓进取的手段,主要作用有分散风险、寻求扩张、发掘潜能、发挥综效、企业转移、保持活力等。多元化发展按程度的不同分为三类:主导型多元化、关联型多元化、非关联型多元化。从事何种类型的多元化,决定于企业本身所拥有的资源优势和运用这些资源的能力。调查显示,多元化程度高的经营战略在短期经营效益方面不占绝对优势,但从长期发展看却有其…     

Strategic alliance contracts: dimensions and determinants of contractual complexity

In contrast to prior studies examining strategic alliances as discrete governance structures (e.g., alliances vs. M&A, equity vs. non‐equity agreements), we investigate their particular contractual features. The analysis examines the dimensionality of the contractual complexity construct and investigates the determinants of firms' adoption of various contractual provisions. We find two underlying dimensions of contractual complexity, based upon the enforcement and coordination functions of different contractual provisions. The evidence reveals that firms' usage of particular contractual provisions is a function of asset specificity as well as whether the alliance's duration is pre‐specified or open‐ended. The findings also speak to the debate surrounding the roles of prior ties and trust for alliance governance. Firms that have collaborated with each other in the past are not less likely to negotiate enforcement provisions; rather, repeat collaborators are less likely to adopt contractual provisions that are informational in nature and are geared to the coordination of the alliance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Strategic decision speed and firm performance

This 4‐year study examines the effect of strategic decision speed upon subsequent firm performance and identifies environmental and organizational characteristics that relate to decision speed. We draw upon strategic decision‐making theory and organization theory to propose that strategic decision speed mediates the relation between environmental and organizational characteristics and performance. Measures of business environment, organization structure, strategic decision speed, and firm performance (growth and profitability) were collected from 318 CEOs from 1996 to 2000. Structural equation modeling confirmed that fast strategic decision‐making predicts subsequent firm growth and profit and mediates the relation of dynamism, munificence, centralization, and formalization with firm performance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Strategic promotion tournaments and worker performance

In this analysis I study promotion schemes as human resource management strategies by which the firm can realize strategic goals by motivating workers to higher levels of effort and performance. Using information on promotions, wages, and performance for professional workers in a cross‐section of establishments in four metropolitan areas of the United States, I investigate empirically the proposition that firms strategically organize promotion tournaments to motivate workers to higher levels of performance. I present evidence suggesting that relative performance of workers determines promotions, supporting the notion of internal promotion competitions in which internal hiring policies and fixed job slots combine to create competitions among workers of a given rank in a firm. I then estimate a structural model of promotion tournaments that simultaneously accounts for worker and firm behavior and how the interaction of these behaviors gives rise to promotions. The results are consistent with the prediction of tournament theory that workers are motivated by larger spreads. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

动态竞争环境下战略管理的分析框架

从外部环境用内部因素的关注、从静态资源到动态能力的分析,动态竞争理论将战略研究的重点转向企业间的竞争互动,注重企业战略管理过程中的行为特征;强调企业战略管理过程中互动的动态特征。互动性、层次性、合作性及其柔性构成了战略管理的重要特征,这为企业在动态环境下构建持续竞争优势提供了一个新的战略思维模式。     

How Much Do Strategic Groups Matter?

Understanding firm heterogeneity is the first step towards explaining the dispersion of profit rates between firms. This paper proposes a framework that distinguishes between three sources of competitiveness, related to three levels of firm heterogeneity, which give rise to industry competencies, strategy-specific competencies and firm-specific competencies. Using data from a Spanish survey we estimate the relative importance of these three sources of heterogeneity. We show that taking the group effect into account significantly differentiates our results from those obtained in previous research. We provide new evidence on the existence of a significant group effect and also an estimate of its relative importance vis á vis firm and industry effects.     

Performance Differences in German Higher Education: Empirical Analysis of Strategic Groups

Initial investments and different strategic actions of universities lead to their different positions in the higher education sector. Pursuing similar strategies leads to similar positions that influence structure and performance within the system. Institutions cannot only choose to focus on research or on teaching, but also to focus either on natural sciences or social sciences. Using 73 public universities in Germany, this paper examines the existence of strategic groups based on performance. Common strategic variables only partly determine performance in high and low efficiency groups.     

文化因素对企业经营绩效影响的研究

本文利用霍夫斯塔德（Hofstede）和他的同事跨文化研究的相关成果，结合新制度经济学的交易成本分析工具，对文化因素与企业经营绩效的关系进行了理论研究．并利用1995年世界最大500家公司的面板数据等．对文化因素与企业经营绩效的关系进行了计量检验，结果显示，个人主义与集体主义、权力距离和合作性三个文化因素对企业经营绩效有显著的影响。在此基础上．本文分析了文化因素对我国企业经营绩效的影响．并提出了相关的政策建议．     

Comparison of benefits of radio frequency identification: Implications for business strategic performance in the U.S. and Korean retailers

This study explores a model to compare the benefits of RFID technology on supply chain management by focusing on retail industry. A path model was estimated to examine structural relationships among technological infrastructure, RFID benefits, and business strategic performance in the U.S. (n = 70) and Korean samples (n = 87). Result showed that technological infrastructure was required to more improve inventory management, store operation and demand management, leading to business strategic performance. Especially, data system automation was perceived as a prerequisite for improving inventory management for both countries. Hardware/software application was significantly related to the RFID benefit of inventory management for U.S. retailers, whereas, it was related to the benefits of efficient store operation and demand management for Korean retailers. Business strategic performance was significantly determined by RFID benefit factors (e.g., inventory management and demand management) for U.S. retailers and Korean retailers. The managerial implication for business to business strategic performance in the U.S. and Korean retail industries was discussed from a retailer's perspective.     

Strategic frameworks for understanding employer participation in school‐to‐work programs

The knowledge and skills inherent in human capital are increasingly recognized as the essence of competitive advantage. Extending the emerging literature on capability building, this paper explores the strategic decision of participating in school‐to‐work programs from the transaction cost and resource‐based view of the firm. Using data from a national sample, we find that both strategic perspectives help to explain decisions to participate in school‐to‐work activities. Our findings indicate that school‐to‐work programs and activities may be understood as interorganizational strategies from a transaction cost view and evidence of a firm's motivation to develop human capital to build competitive advantage from a resource‐based view. Implications for school‐to‐work public policy development in the United States and future research are identified. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.