探索农村食品消费结构的转变规律——一个嵌入时间路径的LA/AIDS模型的应用

本文在总结国内外文献的基础上,利用一个嵌入时间路径的LA/AIDS模型,探索了农村居民食品消费结构的转变规律。结果显示,农村居民食品的消费结构发生了渐进式转变,其转变期为1984～1987年。从需求弹性值变化来看,粮食一直是必需品,其弹性值变化不大,消费量逐年下降;肉类从奢侈品转变为必需品,发生了本质的变化,其消费量逐年上升;水产品仍是富于弹性的奢侈品,但其弹性值逐渐下降,并趋于必需品。     

“新农合”对农村居民耐用品消费的影响

本文利用中国营养健康调查（CHNS）数据,基于改进的Probit模型检验了新型农村合作医疗保险对农村居民耐用品消费的影响。研究发现：“新农合”能有效提高农村家庭的耐用品消费水平,且农村家庭上一期参保行为对耐用品消费的刺激作用更显著。另外,“新农合”对存在中、高健康风险居民的耐用品消费刺激作用明显,且上期参保行为对健康高风险居民的耐用品消费促进作用更强。     

住房交易约束与农户习惯形成

本文分析了现行农村住房制度对农户习惯偏好的影响。利用2000~2008年中国29个省区市的农村住户调查数据得到的估计结果表明,住房交易约束是中国农户习惯形成的重要原因,但不是唯一原因。由于不能通过市场进行交易、不能作为抵押物而获得贷款,中国农户的住房资产不仅未能产生显著的财富效应,反而降低了农户的短期边际消费倾向。     

统筹城乡发展是对完善社会主义市场经济体制的有效探索

中国建设社会主义市场经济体制的探索,经历了一条先农村、后城市,然后进行统筹城乡综合改革三大阶段.统筹城乡发展成为探索中国推进制度转型发展,完善社会主义市场经济体制的重大战略.统筹城乡发展对社会主义市场经济体制完善的主要路径是政府主导建立社会主义城乡统一大市场,规范市场运行,弥补市场失灵,同时推进基层民主建设以弥补集权管理制度不足.制度贡献将成为统筹城乡发展对推进国家现代化进程的最大贡献.     

以新兴的乡村生态发展模式解决中国城乡协调发展,探讨可持续性的发展模式:安吉案例

本文探讨了在中国浙江省安吉县通过创新和政策的调整实现生态经济发展的理念和方式。通过规划导向的发展模式,在生产与消费之间能够互补的产业链的基础上,一个新的、具有地方特征的生态经济模式终于形成。这个模式的构成包括了这些内容:住区基础设施的建设,可再生能源和循环竹产业的发展,农业食品供给链,以及生态旅游(农家乐)。这种模式代表了中国一种新的、内生型的城乡协调发展模式。这种模式在中国新农村建设过程中具有可复制性和可推广性。本文的分析和研究说明,如果能够与本地区实际情况相结合,同时具有创新理念的方式,在规划的引导下进行推广,安吉模式的生态经济和相关动态的城乡\"网络\",在中国具有发展的潜力。     

农村居民消费倾向的变参数估计及其演化机理分析

本文运用时变参数模型对农村居民的消费倾向进行了估计,从制度变迁、收入变动、理性预期等角度对农村居民消费倾向的演变路径进行了诠释。与城镇居民消费倾向相比,农村居民消费倾向经历了先低-后高-再低这样一个动态的演变过程;20世纪90年代以来,农村居民消费倾向的降幅明显地大于城镇居民。同时发现,城镇居民消费对农村居民消费具有明显的示范效应和拉动作用。     

Innovation in start-ups: Ideas filling the void or ideas devoid of resources and capabilities?

We investigate how access to different types of resources affects the success of entrepreneurial start-up firms at early stages of development in small isolated economies by studying 12 start-ups based in New Zealand. We find that successful commercialization of innovations depends on the availability of complementary assets, and that capability-based resources, especially dynamic capabilities, have a greater impact on competitive advantage of start-ups than other intangible and tangible assets. For the start-ups in our study, alliances with partners are particularly important, and so the ability to form alliances is a key capability. Successful start-ups leverage their available resources to attract alliance partners in order to access necessary complementary resources. The start-ups in our study clearly demonstrated the ability to attract partners locally but struggled to do so internationally, thereby limiting their growth potential.     

几种中国农村居民食品消费需求模型的比较研究

本文选取6种需求系统模型,运用中国30个省份农民食品消费截面数据进行了比较研究,得到以下结论:以希克斯需求为理论依据的需求模型拟合优度优于以马歇尔需求为理论依据的需求模型;需求支出弹性及其标准差比较显示,QUAIDS模型的估计结果表现最优,而QES模型的表现最差;数据的秩检验结果显示,3秩模型更适合于研究中国农民食品消费,说明现有研究可进一步改善。因此农民对食物消费需求结构更趋于合理化,但较低的收入水平和较差的消费环境仍是制约农民食品消费结构升级的重要因素。     

城乡居民消费行为及结构演化的差异研究

转变经济发展方式、实现经济内生增长是中国经济进入“新常态”阶段最迫切需要解决的问题,而实现这一目标,最为重要的则是居民消费水平的有效提升,尤其是农村居民消费困境的破解。基于此,本文采用非线性最小二乘法(NLS)对中国城乡居民消费行为及其演化规律进行了跨时期分析,结果发现城乡居民收入与消费之间表现为明显的非线性关系,并没有完全遵循边际消费倾向递减规律。“七五”时期和“八五”时期,城乡居民边际消费随收入的增加而递增;“九五”时期及以后,城镇居民边际消费随着收入的增加而递减,农村居民边际消费则仍随收入的增加而递增。从收入结构视角看,农民边际消费仅随工资性收入和家庭经营性收入的增加而递增,而城镇居民边际消费随工资性收入、家庭经营性收入和转移性收入的增加而递减。由于农民收入增长质量较低,而且收入结构不合理,从而直接导致农民消费水平低下且结构不合理,因此,提升农民消费水平,迫切需要优化农民收入结构和消费结构。     

关于我国奢华品消费的理性思考

文章在分析我国奢华品消费现状的基础下,梳理了我国奢华品消费的主要特征表现为:消费群体多样化,消费时间集中,消费产品外显化,消费目标偏物化;基于我国奢华品消费存在的问题,提出了正确引导中国奢华品消费行为的对策建议:进行奢华品消费主题教育,引导奢华品消费理性行为,拓展奢华品消费合理渠道,完善奢华品消费服务配套等.     

Exploring the relationship between media coverage and participation in entrepreneurship: Initial global evidence and research implications

Using a set of variables measured in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) study, our empirical investigation explored the influence of mass media through national culture on national entrepreneurial participation rates in 37 countries over 4 years (2000 to 2003). We found that stories about successful entrepreneurs, conveyed in mass media, were not significantly associated with the rate of nascent (opportunity searching) or the rate of actual (business activities commenced up to 3 months old) start-up activity, but that there was a significant positive association between the volume of entrepreneurship media stories and a nation’s volume of people running a young business (that is in GEM terminology, a business aged greater than 3 but less than 42 months old). More particularly, such stories had strong positive association with opportunity oriented operators of young businesses. Together, these findings are compatible with what in the mass communications theory literature may be called the ‘reinforcement model’. This argues that mass media are only capable of reinforcing their audience’s existing values and choice propensities but are not capable of shaping or changing those values and choices. In the area covered by this paper, policy-makers are committing public resources to media campaigns of doubtful utility in the absence of an evidence base. A main implication drawn from this study is the need for further and more sophisticated investigation into the relationship between media coverage of entrepreneurship, national culture and the rates and nature of people’s participation in the various stages of the entrepreneurial process.

中国不同区域城市居民体育消费差异实证研究

本文依据理念——行为——内容模式,通过消费者导向视角,对中国不同区域体育消费者进行市场细分,以实证方法挖掘体育消费差异,提供市场扩展的依据。研究表明,在注重体育消费的品质要求的共性下,不同区域之间表现出明显的体育消费理念、行为和内容选择上的差异。这意味着,在体育产业投融资过程中充分体现适应差异性的不同区域投融资特点,满足体育消费需求的过程中运用差异化营销提升体育,以及通过消费结构升级优化体育产业结构以促进区域体育产业发展等策略对于中国体育产业的发展具有重要的意义。     

The long-run cost of job loss as measured by consumption changes

We consider the measurement of the cost of job displacement. With a Canadian panel survey we compare the consumption growth of households that experienced a permanent layoff to a control group of households that experienced a temporary layoff with known recall date. Because the firms employing the latter group are providing insurance, these workers approximate a benchmark of full insurance against job loss shocks. We estimate that permanent layoffs experience an average consumption loss of between 4% and 10%. Older workers and workers with high job tenure have losses closer to the top of this range.     

Revisiting the effect of household size on consumption over the life-cycle

Although the link between household size and consumption has strong empirical support, there is no consistent way in which demographics are dealt with in standard life-cycle models. We study the relationship between the predictions of the Single Agent model (the standard in the literature) versus a simple model extension (the Demographics model) where deterministic changes in household size and composition affect optimal consumption decisions. We show theoretically that the Demographics model is conceptually preferable to the Single Agent model as it captures economic mechanisms ignored by the latter. However, our quantitative analysis demonstrates that differences in predictions for consumption are negligible across models, when using standard calibration strategies. This suggests that it is largely irrelevant which model specification is used.     

建筑工程变更管理研究

工程项目中的变更数量过多会使项目工期拖延、工程造价难以控制。本文试图从变更管理的角度提出控制变更数量的方法,即通过对工程变更进行分级评审、对变更管理进行绩效评价等措施,来加强变更管理效果,减少不必要变更的产生。     

Emerging organizations' characteristics as predictors of human capital employment mode: A theoretical perspective

Entrepreneurship is important to capitalistic economies, and in management studies. Additionally, organizations recognize that human resources are imperative to survival. Although human resources is an important field, sparse theory has been applied to human resources in emerging organizations. Recognizing that emerging organizations are different from established organizations, we expand prior work in human resources and emerging organizations to introduce a human resource architecture of emerging organizations. We introduce a model for the employment mode of emerging organizations based on intentionality, resources, boundary, and exchange. We present propositions drawn from our theory, and conclude with implications and suggestions for research.