产业集群知识溢出效应下企业技术创新行为的博弈分析

知识经济时代,技术创新是企业的核心竞争力,知识溢出改变了集群企业技术创新的知识环境。从知识溢出的角度,运用演化博弈模型分析了不同知识环境对企业创新行为决策的影响,认为:知识保护、企业自律是集群可持续发展的必要条件,知识保护有度,创新有度是更好的集群创新理念。     

产业集群的形态与演化评述

本文在全面回顾国外产业集聚理论及构建产业集群研究逻辑框架的基础上,按一定分类角度集中评述了产业集群的形态及其演化发展阶段。最后针对中国纺织产业的特性,重点阐述了其形态和演化发展现状并指明了专题研究意义。     

企业知识管理的研究

在知识社会,知识成为了企业最重要的战略资源,谁拥有更多、更新的知识并能尽快将知识转化为生产力,谁就能在激烈的市场竞争中获胜。与此同时,"知识管理"也逐渐流行起来,各类企业纷纷开始推行知识管理。然而,不少企业的知识管理却并没有达到他们预期的成效。文中试图通过对知识性质的认识以及对知识创造模型(SECI模型)的分析来思考企业对于知识管理实施的困惑,希望能够给企业的知识管理实践带来一些建设性的认识。     

组织间知识转移对企业知识创新影响的研究

知识经济时代,企业的经营发展已不再仅仅依赖于自然资源、资本、劳动力等传统的生产要素,而是更多地依赖于知识的创造、吸收和利用。知识转移是指将一种情境下获取的知识应用于另一情境,是知识有效扩散和应用的一种形式,由于具有针对性更明确、知识获取成本较小、知识学习时间短等优势而受到越来越多企业的关注。从知识转移角度来研究企业的知识创新在理论和实践上都具有重要的意义。     

How can organizations use wikis for innovation?

Wikis were first developed over 15 years ago. Research has shown that organizational or corporate wikis are sustainable and can be beneficial to organizations particularly in improving work processes, collaboration and knowledge management. However, there has been little research done to show how organizations can use wikis to support innovation processes. To bridge this gap, this paper explores how wikis can be used in different stages of innovation. We review existing literature as well as analyze case studies of wikis deployed in four organizations in order to highlight how wikis can be used to address challenges of knowledge management and collaboration in different stages of innovation from idea generation to commercialization. In particular, we propose a model that explains how wikis require a clear purpose for their use, a culture of collaboration, and integration within a formal innovation process.     

省域R＆D知识溢出的GWR实证分析

本文运用地理加权回归（geographical weighted regression，GWR）方法，对1993-2002年期间中国省域R＆D知识溢出的空间非稳定性进行了实证分析。传统的OLS只是对参数进行“平均”或“全局”估计，不能反映参数在不同空间的空间非稳定性；GWR是一种简单、有效的技术，可以反映参数在不同空间的空间非稳定性。研究结果发现：在对R＆D知识生产进行参数估计时，GWR模型与OLS模型有显著的差异；R＆D知识生产的不同要素存在空间变异。     

创新型国家的演化模式与我国创新型国家建设

在对创新型国家概念和特征进行探讨的基础上,归纳了国际上创新型国家建设的四种典型模式,即综合知识创新模式、学习赶超模式、国家创新体系支撑模式、集中优势重点突破模式;并进一步分析了我国创新型国家建设中存在的差距,提出了我国创新型国家建设的“全面创新协调推进”模式和政策建议。     

工业企业房地产投资对企业创新的影响——基于中国上市公司数据的实证研究

工业企业房地产投资对企业创新存在短期的"挤出效应"和长期的"补偿效应"。本文使用企业研发支出和专利申请衡量工业企业创新活动,利用中国上市公司2007~2011年工业企业面板数据,发现工业企业当期房地产投资与研发支出负相关,工业企业跨期累积房地产投资与研发支出负相关,工业企业滞后期房地产投资与企业专利申请量负相关。这表明,工业企业参与房地产开发投资在短期和长期内都不利于企业创新。     

工业园区的产业选择——以上海市北工业区产业选择为例

一些工业园区在进行企业化改造后,将面临一些与原先作为政府“招商引资”政策所不同的对入驻企业的选择,本文以市北工业新区为例,从企业经营方向的角度对该园区在入驻企业的产业选择上进行策略建议。     

The interaction of multiple champions in orchestrating innovation networks: Conflicts and complementarities

In networked or open innovation processes, so-called innovation communities have been identified in the innovation champion literature, in which innovation champions from different levels in the innovation system supposedly act as a team. It has however not been studied in detail to what extent and how different champions in innovation communities complement each other and act as a team. Applying the concept of innovation network orchestration to analyze the role and position of different kinds of champions as brokers in innovation networks, the purpose of this paper is to unravel the interaction between champions and what this entails in terms of role complementarities and conflicts as regards innovation network orchestration. This is done by using an explorative multiple case study approach in which three innovation journeys are analyzed. The results indicate that a distinction can be made between primary innovation communities, who act as aggregated orchestrators of the overall innovation network, and who in turn orchestrate secondary innovation communities in certain sub-networks. Here different kinds of champions complement each other and act as a team, but these complementarities are not a given: they are negotiated over time in interaction, and lack of reflection on each other’s roles may result in role conflicts. The main conclusion is that an oversimplified notion of innovation communities as a unified team of champions should be avoided: innovation communities themselves need a form of orchestration.     

制造业聚集、知识溢出与区域创新绩效——以我国医药、电子及通讯设备制造业为例的实证研究

本文的目的是探讨制造业生产行为聚集所产生的各类知识溢出对区域创新绩效的影响。这些溢出包括知识的专业化溢出、多样化溢出和空间溢出。对我国医药、电子及通讯设备制造业实证分析的结果显示,知识的专业化溢出对两类制造业的区域创新存在积极影响;多样化溢出对医药制造业区域创新绩效的影响为正,对电子及通讯设备制造业的影响为负。实证结果表明,各类知识溢出对区域创新绩效的影响存在行业间差异和国家间差异。     

Networked creativity: a structured management framework for stimulating innovation

The effect of today's turbulent environment means that organisations need to improve their competitive advantage and swiftly respond to changing technology and markets. An organisation's ability to continuously innovate its products and business systems is essential to its future success. However, this ability to stimulate innovation is highly dependent upon the stock of potential ideas and problem solutions, which is available to feed the innovation process. These ‘seedlings of innovation’ are the product of the creative processes of an organisation. Whilst continuous, sustainable innovation is an essential competitive capability for future organisational success, to date the creative process has been allowed to operate in an ‘ad hoc’ and serendipitous fashion. Continuous innovation means that organisations need to be able to effectively manage their creative processes to ensure their innovation process has a plentiful supply of good ideas and solutions. To this end, a framework for enhancing networked creativity is presented as a means towards the effective management of the creative process within organisations.     

Barriers to innovation and public policy in Catalonia

The present paper analyses the link between firms’ decisions to innovate and the barriers that prevent them from being innovative. The aim is twofold. First, it analyses three groups of barriers to innovation: the cost of innovation projects, lack of knowledge and market conditions. Second, it presents the main steps taken by Catalan Government to promote the creation of new firms and to reduce barriers to innovation. The data set used is based on the 2004 official innovation survey of Catalonia which was taken from the Spanish CIS4 sample. This sample includes individual information on 2,954 Catalan firms in manufacturing industries and knowledge-intensive services (KIS). The empirical analysis reveals pronounced differences regarding a firm’s propensity to innovate and its perception of barriers. Moreover, the results show that cost and knowledge barriers seem to be the most important and that there are substantial sectoral differences in the way that firms react to barriers. The results of this paper have important implications for the design of future public policy to promote entrepreneurship and innovation together.

产业集群区域创新优势与广西北部湾经济区高新区的培育——以南宁高新区为例

高新区产业集群是培育高新技术企业创新能力的温床,产业集群是获得竞争优势的一种有效机制.本文拟从产业集群的角度分析南宁高新区发展中的现状与存在问题,最后从区域创新优势就高新区的竞争力健康发展提出建议.     

网络经济与企业组织创新

在熊彼特对创新的定义中,实现高质量经济增长的创新不仅仅包含产品创新、工艺创新等技术创新,还应该包括采用新的企业组织形式,即组织创新。网络经济时代,信息技术在推动社会发展的同时,也给企业带来了管理上的革命。企业必须打破旧的组织模式,倡导与之相适应的网络化组织模式。     

技术创新能力的影响因素分析——基于中部六省面板数据的实证研究

人力资本(主要是高科技人才)是技术创新的源泉,制度创新能够极大优化科技资源配置,提高技术产出效率。本文运用面板数据通过建立固定效应变截距知识生产函数模型,对中国中部六省技术创新能力及其影响因素进行分析,结果发现科研机构、企业对中部地区科技进步具有显著的正向促进作用,大学对区域技术进步不但没有贡献,反而反作用十分明显。中部崛起战略有赖于中部六省合理配置科技资源投入,吸引高科技人才,大力开展制度创新。     

Realizing new regional core competencies: establishing a customer-oriented SME network

This paper explores the possibilities of combining the recently developed ‘value constellation’ concept and the literature about industrial districts. The advantages related to the geographical concentration of economic activities are insufficient in the competition with companies that are linked to each other within a value constellation - a customer-oriented inter-organizational strategy. This new type of competition forces traditionally operating SMEs in industrial districts to team up with each other in a customer-oriented network. However, these networking strategies are unlikely to emerge because SMEs are locked into their traditional competencies and they lack the financial and strategic resources to develop interactive strategies covering the entire value system. Business associations and local institutions may play a crucial role in changing and shaping the emerging network among the SMEs. However, local institutions are equally susceptible to being locked into traditional patterns of interaction. Their willingness to break away from the past is crucial for the learning capabilities of local SMEs. The difficulties in setting up a customer-oriented network are illustrated by the ‘construction and home furnishings’ business cluster in South West Flanders (Belgium).     

Improving SME competitiveness reinforcing interorganisational networks in industrial clusters

Drawing on a social network approach this paper proposes a methodology that helps with the empowerment and development of interorganisational networks in clusters. Paper emphasises the necessity of establishing relationships with other firms and external agents in order to empower the creation and diffusion of knowledge, through factors such as innovation. The aim of the proposed methodology is to know how required knowledge should be located and diffused to identify the opportunities motivating the creation of particular interorganisational networks. Similarly, it is also important to know how to determine which agents might to take advantage of these opportunities creating networks.