Enhancing female entrepreneurship by enabling access to skills

Literature reveals the need for entrepreneurship training programmes that focus on the skills required by female entrepreneurs. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Women Entrepreneurship Programme (WEP) as an initiative to provide entrepreneurial and business skills to female entrepreneurs. An experimental group of 116 women attended this training intervention whereas 64 women formed the control group who did not attend the WEP. The findings highlight that through the WEP the experimental group gained new skills and knowledge relevant to running a business; increased their confidence in their entrepreneurial abilities; and used these skills to start new ventures.     

Role stress and entrepreneurship research

Entrepreneurship as a domain of research has grown by benefiting from more established disciplines. However, a commonality in the early stages of applying established theories to entrepreneurship is the lack of grounded research frameworks. This paper reviews literature on role stress and develops a conceptual framework that illustrates how this construct can serve entrepreneurship research. Based on a review of psychological and sociological literature, the paper proposes a model of antecedents and consequences to entrepreneur role stress. Suggestions for future research and practical implications are also presented.     

A longitudinal study of the characteristics, business creation process and outcome differences of Canadian female vs. male nascent entrepreneurs

This paper concerns a longitudinal study, of a random sample of nascent entrepreneurs in Canada (based on an initial screening sample of 49,763 households). We study gender differences, including number and type of gestational activities, the characteristics of the business created, and the status of the start-up effort after the 4th year of data collection. Logistic regression is used to predict the creation of an operating business from gender and other variables. Four of nine gender difference hypotheses were supported. Findings show that women who are members of a start-up team are six times more likely to achieve an operating business.

Guest editorial: Female and ethnic minority entrepreneurship

There has been an increasing level of interest in diversity in small business enterprises. This diversity has been largely focused on female and ethnic minority entrepreneurs. Although there is evidence that female entrepreneurship can have a positive impact on economic prosperity, levels of earnings remain low. The articles in this special issue further our understanding of female and minority entrepreneurs. They examine important topics such as the differences between male and female entrepreneurs in terms of confidence, growth expectations, entrepreneurial orientation and social capital, developing management skills in female entrepreneurs, their management competencies and refugee entrepreneurship.     

Performative entrepreneurship: identity,behaviour and place in adventure sports Enterprise

This research explores entrepreneurial identity and place in adventure sports within the emerging field of sports entrepreneurship. A growing body of literature has established the broad parameters of sports entrepreneurs mainly within the fitness sector. This study applies a performative entrepreneurship lens to explore the embedded nature of identity, behaviour and place amongst mountain bike (MTB) trainers and guides. This qualitative study is based around interviews with six trainers/guides conducted via online forums as well as participatory observations made on a group ride and of a communal response to the natural environment through trail building. Findings illustrate that unlike the fitness sector where there is a more established market and where entrepreneurs often move from employment to self-employment within the sector, the MTB adventure sports entrepreneur operates in a less formalised market resulting in less formal strategic planning. ‘Place’ is an important factor in the performative nature of enterprise in this study and it is clear that it is through lifestyle entrepreneurship that the individuals are ‘performing’ identity.

     

环境战略、经营战略与企业绩效——基于战略匹配视角的分析

企业环境战略与经营战略具有内在相关性,剥离了企业经营战略单独研究企业环境战略与环境绩效和经营绩效的关系必然会带来偏差。本文应用战略匹配中的组合背离模式,以医药行业企业为研究样本,研究了企业环境战略与经营战略的匹配对企业环境绩效和经营绩效的影响,发现企业不同类型环境战略与经营战略的匹配可以提高环境绩效与经营绩效。研究成果将战略匹配研究拓展至环境战略领域,进一步揭示了环境战略、经营战略、环境绩效与经营绩效间的关系,对于企业经营实践也具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Sport,fitness, and lifestyle entrepreneurship

International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal -     

Innovation, progress, entrepreneurship and cultural aspects

In the case of economic progress, some of the literature has considered economic growth and economic progress to be the same thing. However, there is a relevant difference between the two concepts. As Holcombe states, economic growth considers the quantity of products and economic progress the quality of products. Innovation has been considered as a key factor to promote economic progress. A culture would have a direct and an indirect effect on innovation through entrepreneurship. The goal of this paper is to analyze the relationship between culture and innovation. To carry out this study, an empirical estimation has been developed for the case of 11 countries.     

Individual entrepreneurship,collective entrepreneurship and innovation in small business: an empirical study

The study reported in this article examines simultaneously the impact of individual entrepreneurship and collective entrepreneurship on innovation in small business. It intends to address the weakness in previous entrepreneurship research that either only focuses on the individual entrepreneur's role in innovation (Miller 1983 Management Science, 29:770-791), or only stresses the importance of collective entrepreneurship (Reich 1987 Harvard Business Review, 65 (3), 22-83; Stewart 1989). The results of structural equation modeling analysis of data from more than 200 small businesses show that both individual entrepreneur(s) and the collective contribute to innovation in small business. Analysis results also reveal the complex relationships between the two types of entrepreneurship in terms of their impact on innovation in small business. Factors that contribute to collective entrepreneurship were found to contribute to individual entrepreneurship, while factors that are often associated with individual entrepreneurship were found to have negative impact on collective entrepreneurship. Communication among members of the small business, which was found to directly contribute to collective entrepreneurship, was found to contribute to individual entrepreneur's knowledge of emerging markets, products, and technologies. In contrast, centralized decision making, which was found to have direct negative impact on innovation, was found to have negative impact on collaboration and communication. Implications of the study are discussed.     

Loyalty to supervisor and trust in supervisor of workers in Chinese joint ventures: a test of two competing models

This study examines the factors affecting joint venture employees' loyalty to supervisor in the People's Republic of China. The trust framework and justice framework are employed to develop two competing models for studying the antecedents and consequences of loyalty to supervisor in the context of Chinese joint ventures. The direct effect model proposes that there is a direct effect of employees' perception of interactional justice and of trust in supervisor on their loyalty to supervisor, while the mediation model considers trust in supervisor as a mediating variable between interactional justice and loyalty to supervisor. Additionally, the two models suggest that loyalty to supervisor affects the in-role job performance and organizational citizenship behaviour of workers. The results showed that the mediation model was better supported than the direct effect model. It has been found that trust in supervisor mediates the relationships between interactional justice and loyalty to supervisor. In addition, loyalty to supervisor has significant effects on both employees' performance and organizational citizenship behaviour. Practically, the findings of the present study provide considerable implications for managing Chinese workers in joint ventures.     

基于业务相关性的母子公司文化控制与子公司绩效研究

组织文化的研究大多以单体企业为对象,本文将企业文化的研究提升到了母子公司文化控制的高度,在理论与实践结合的基础上构建了文化控制量表,并探讨了文化控制强度与子公司绩效的关系。结果表明,母子公司文化控制强度对子公司绩效有显著的正向影响,并且母子公司的业务相关程度越高,这种影响越显著。本文同时认为母子公司文化控制应注重母子公司间的文化培训沟通、行为模式、组织凝聚力和制度一致性四个方面。     

经营理念三角轴：使命、愿景和商业模式

本文构筑了关于一个组织经营理念的三角轴概念模型,涉及使命、愿景、商业模式三方面,分别对应于“做什么”、“为什么”、“如何做”三个基本命题,并分别展开论述了此三方面的理念要义、开发方法和典型案例等。     

Strategic entrepreneurship: Content,process, context,and outcomes

Strategic entrepreneurship (SE) is typically defined as organizationally consequential innovations within existing firms that involve the combination/integration of opportunity- and advantage-seeking behaviors. Focused on the transformation of organizations through innovation, SE is a construct that has generated much practitioner and scholarly interest in the preceding decades. Building upon the many contributions already observed on the topic, this paper aims to identify current limitations and central research issues of SE. Borrowing a framework from the change management literature, I diagnose current conceptualizations of SE and promote future research through careful consideration of the content, process, context, and relevant outcomes of SE. Examination of the extant literature would suggest there is still ample room for scholars to contribute to properly defining SE, understanding exactly how SE is manifest in organizations, uncovering relevant and opportune internal and external environments for SE to pervade, and identifying pertinent consequences and results from successful SE.     

Network-centric business models for health,social care and wellbeing solutions in the internet of things

In this multiple case study we analyze solutions based on connected devices in the context of health, social care and wellbeing. Based on the consideration that a solution is a combination of services and products, we build on the notion that business models can be studied at a firm-level and also at a network-level. The network-level analysis is used to motivate the reasons why solutions emerging at the intersection of the healthcare and the ICT industries benefit from collaboration among different actors. We conclude that the firm- and the network-level development of business models provide alignment in the business network and are useful to establish the relation that technological component have with overall solutions. Our findings suggest that some component bring novelty in the final offer without affecting the ongoing operation, while other component aim at improving the internal working processes, with minimal effects on the final offer to end users. We discuss the benefits of a network-level perspective for each case.     

Relationship between organizations, institutions, entrepreneurship and economic growth process

The main goal of this paper is to show that organizations and institutions play a relevant role in the economic growth process, both directly and indirectly. Human capital plays a direct role by facilitating the introduction and use of new technologies. A more indirect role is play by entrepreneurial activity in three ways: 1) supplying monetary funds; 2) creating an adequate social climate and 3) encouraging trust in the society. The hypotheses introduced are tested using the data on eleven countries.     

越秀地产商业模式创新驱动因素及实施路径

整合优化企业价值链与创新商业模式是房地产企业加快转型,寻找适合自身的生存和发展模式的必然选择。立足越秀地产的商业模式创新,从战略、行业、价值链和政策角度思考驱动越秀地产商业模式创新的驱动因素;探析其独特的地产开发与资本运作双剑合璧的实施路径,为我国房地产企业商业模式的创新和持续经营提供新的切入角度;然后通过财务绩效变化检验其商业模式创新的经济后果;最后,提出建设具有企业特色的价值网络、项目多元化发展及形成稳定资金链等建议。     

Women in business: entrepreneurship, ethics and efficiency

This article begins by reviewing some of the main theoretical approaches to entrepreneurship. We then discuss the measures proposed in the literature to benefit women, facilitating reconciliation of work and family life and examining the view of authors who consider the negative effects of these measures. Finally, we contemplate situations where the measures benefiting women are based on economic or ethical reasons. This last section qualifies the universalist approach underlying work-family life reconciliation, describing the context for interaction between women and entrepreneurial activity.     

结网、非线性创新与区域创新网络

科技园是区域创新网络的典型形式.科技园创新具有非线性特征,其提高创新能力的关键在于各个行为主体的互动与交流,在于区域创新网络的织就.网络内各种作用机制的存在将离散的个体联结起来,这种作用机制的非线性特征导致了园区内创新的非线性.区域创新网络的层级可以划分为核心层、次核心层和辅助支撑层,各层级相互作用共同促进了因区的创新.