Strategic Marketing in International Agribusiness

No abstract available for this article.     

低碳经济下林产品营销渠道建设的思考

基于林产品生产和销售的特点,在低碳经济下林产品营销渠道建设需重新审视。通过阐述低碳经济下林产品营销和发展面临的要求,针对林产品渠道存在的问题,提出了林产品营销渠道重建的建议,创新渠道体制,提高渠道绩效;使用现代信息技术,建立资源节约型渠道体系;优化渠道组织,提高渠道效益等。     

The links between management's critical success factors and farm level economic performance on dairy farms in Sweden

Management's critical success factors (MCSFs) are used to indicate how farm profits develop, but their usefulness as profitability predictors has previously not been analyzed statistically. This paper explores the usefulness of some commonly used MCSFs in Swedish dairy farms, by investigating whether the MCSFs are significant predictors of economic efficiency. Further, the paper takes a comprehensive view of evaluating farm level efficiency, in that all major input and output efficiency scores are estimated. Previous literature has focused on only one score, or on only one perspective. Our results show that cost efficiency is the more problematic part of the profitability process. Especially the allocative part needs to be improved. Moreover, the results show that the MCSFs milk quality, herd fertility and involuntary culls ratio may not work as indicators of economic performance, whereas milk yield per cow and the mastitis ratio are significant indicators.     

Institutional Environment and Technical Efficiency: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Cotton Producers in West Africa

This paper examines the effects of the institutional environment on West African cotton farmers’ technical efficiency (TE). First, key aspects of the cotton sector institutional environment are discussed, including input and credit access, and producers’ organisations. Then, a stochastic frontier production function, which incorporates technical inefficiency effects, is applied to farm level data collected in Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali. The survey includes farmers’ evaluations of the cotton sector institutional environment. Results suggest that institutional level features influence producers’ TE, besides farm‐level characteristics. Cotton growers who report a negative experience with the joint liability programme, who identify the cotton price mechanism or access to credit as the main constraints to performance, and who cultivate more hectares of cereals are technically more inefficient in producing cotton. Findings suggest that cotton farmers in Mali are less technically efficient in producing cotton than in Burkina Faso and Benin. Agricultural development policies focusing on reducing farmers’ financial stress, particularly through the establishment of adequate price mechanisms (i.e. higher farm‐gate prices and timely payments to farmers) and improvement in the input–credit markets should be encouraged to improve TE in West Africa.     

The Contribution of Unmeasurable Inputs to Fisheries Production: An Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Fishing Vessels in the English Channel

Variations in the efficiency of demersal trawlers operating in the English Channel were examined through the estimation of a stochastic frontier production function. The most important measurable factor affecting efficiency was the age of the vessel. However, unmeasurable factors accounted for about 65% of the variation in efficiency, and as much as 9% of the total variation in catches between boats. It is postulated that most of this variation was due to differences in skipper and crew skill. In contrast, "luck" accounted for around 11% of the variation in catches between boats.     

Export Marketing Arrangements in Four New Zealand Agriculture Industries: An Institutional Perspective

The article examines the effectiveness of export marketing arrangements in 4 of New Zealand's agricultural industries within an institutional perspective. The coordination tasks and economic return from the export were investigated in each industry. Safeguarding problems within a deregulated marketing arrangement might explain reluctance to engage in joint marketing efforts. The gain from setting up new arrangements that foster profitability must be perceived as larger than the setup costs and perceived future costs of mounting down existing arrangements. A framework for design of export marketing arrangements in agriculture industries is proposed. Suggestions for future research are outlined.     

青海湟水河流域退耕还林政策实施效益分析

对湟水河流域8个县的退耕农户进行问卷调查,利用SPSS12.0软件分析农户对退耕还林的态度和对生态环境的意识,并采用Logistic回归模型对两者的影响因素进行分析。结果表明,农户对退耕还林政策基本持支持态度,而且认为实施退耕还林工程后周边的生态环境有所改善。在5个影响因素中,农户性别、受教育程度和人均收入是影响农户对退耕还林态度和对生态环境意识的显著性因素。总的来说,退耕还林工程对农民的根本利益产生了正面影响,但也存在一些负面影响,针对存在问题提出了合理的政策建议,以期为当地政府及相关部门提供参考。     

Smallholder Supply Response to Marketing Board Activities in a Dual Channel Marketing System: The Case of Zambia

In recent years, parastatal grain marketing boards have re‐emerged as important elements of grain markets in eastern and southern Africa, yet little is known about how farmers are responding to their scaled up activities. This article develops a conceptual model of farmers’ production decisions in the context of dual output marketing channels (government and private sector) when output prices at harvest time and the availability of one of the marketing channels are unknown at planting time. It then applies the model to the case of Zambia and uses nationally representative household‐level panel survey data to estimate the effects of the Food Reserve Agency (FRA), the government parastatal maize marketing board, on smallholder crop production and fallow land. The FRA buys maize from smallholders at a pan‐territorial price that typically exceeds market prices in major maize producing areas. Results suggest that increases in the farmgate FRA maize price raise farmer maize price expectations, which induces a supply response. Smallholders respond to an increase in the FRA price by extensifying their maize production. On average, a 1% increase in the FRA price is associated with 0.06% increases in smallholders’ maize area planted and quantity harvested. There is also some evidence that farmers reduce the area of land under fallow in response to FRA incentives but there is no evidence of reductions in the area planted to other crops.     

层次分析法在家具企业营销竞争力评价中的应用

随着家具企业竞争力比拼逐步聚焦于营销竞争力,如何对家具企业营销竞争力科学合理的评价就显得尤为重要.将AHP引入家具企业营销竞争力评价中,重新构建了评价结构模型,并通过评价过程中三个关键问题的论述,提高评价家具企业营销竞争力的有效性,为家具企业保持和提升营销竞争力提供努力的方向.     

农地流转、要素配置与农户生产效率变化

研究目的：基于农户收入视角,使用2017年和2019年中国农村家庭调查数据,分析农地流转对农户要素配置及生产效率的影响,以期为推动农户经济高质量发展提供决策参考。研究方法：面板Tobit模型、DEA模型和控制函数法。研究结果：（1）农地转入提高了农户的技术效率,但对分配效率没有明显改进;（2）农地转出抑制了农户的技术效率,提升了农户的分配效率;（3）当经营规模达到13.156亩,农户实际经营规模与技术效率之间出现“倒U”型曲线的拐点;（4）从农业部门来看,农地转入显著提高了农户在传统生产环节使用机械的可能性;从非农部门来看,农地转出对劳动力迁移具有显著的正向促进作用。研究结论：农地流转较为明显地提升了农户主要经营部门的生产效率,但是对于跨部门生产效率提升并不明显。为提高农民收入与农户生产效率,需协同推动农业生产手段改进和劳动力转移规模相适应的农地流转。     

林业标准化与林业产业生态安全效率实证分析

利用数据包络分析法(DEA)测算了中国31个省(市、区)2006—2015年的林业产业生态安全效率,并实证检验了林业标准化对林业产业生态安全效率的影响。研究发现:中国林业产业生态安全的综合技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率总体呈现出由西向东逐渐上升的趋势;总体上,东部地区各省(市、区)的林业产业与生态之间的共生关系较中西部地区更加协调;林业标准化水平有助于促进林业产业生态安全综合技术效率和纯技术效率的提高;经济发展水平、科研投入水平、造林面积、森林灾害防治率等因素对林业产业生态安全效率有显著的正向影响。为了提升林业标准化生态效益,提高林业产业生态安全效率,应该深入推进林业标准化政策实施,努力提高林业产业技术创新水平,不断增强林业生态保护力度。     

Specification and Estimation of Production Risk, Risk Preferences and Technical Efficiency

This article deals with specification and estimation of risk preferences, production risk, and technical inefficiency. It makes contribution in three separate areas of production economics. First, we model producers' attitude toward risk and derive risk preference functions (without assuming any parametric form of the utility function and any distribution of the error term representing production risk) when risk arises from production uncertainty and technical inefficiency. Second, the standard production risk model is extended to accommodate technical inefficiency and producers' attitude toward risk. Finally, the technical efficiency model is generalized to accommodate production risk and producers' attitude toward risk.     

粮食主产区农业用水效率及其影响因素

基于2005—2019年粮食主产区13个省(自治区)相关农业数据,应用柯布-道格拉斯函数形式的SFA模型和Tobit模型对我国粮食主产区农业用水效率影响因素进行实证分析。结果表明：农业生产技术效率值和农业用水效率值均小于1,粮食主产区节水潜力大;农业用水效率的地区差异大,安徽省数值最低;主要城市年均气温、农业用水占总用水量比例、地表水资源、有效灌溉面积、小麦和玉米占农作物播种面积比例这6个变量数值的增加对农业用水效率值有显著的正向影响。     

新疆兵地红枣种植户经营效率及其环境影响因素分析

新疆承载着两个不同的行政主体,体制机制差异使种植户面临的生产环境相异。基于红枣主产区206个兵团和110个地方种植户数据,运用三阶段DEA模型分析的结果表明:兵团种植户经营效率高于地方,地方"低投入-低产出"生产方式的纯技术效率高于兵团"高投入-高产出"生产方式,兵团规模效率高于地方;红枣生产缺乏科学创新技术为依托,兵团和地方表现出不同形式的资源配置问题。因此,应注重兵团和地方新技术推广和技术培训,加强兵团和地方农业信息技术交流,搭建市场公共服务平台。     

Determinants of Export Marketing Channel Design to Developed and Developing Countries: Exploratory Study

ABSTRACT

This exploratory study is intended to analyze the differences in the organization of export marketing channels to developing and developed countries from the perspective of exporters in a developed country. Our evidence seems to suggest that despite high transaction costs, U.S. seafood exporters are not interested in vertical forward integration of the Japanese and Western European seafood distribution channels. The U.S. seafood industry is geared toward providing raw materials to foreign re-processors than exporting value added products. Thus, lack of management commitment to foreign end-users makes vertical forward integration difficult. Hence, unlike in developing countries, the choice of an efficient transaction governance structure for the U.S. seafood export business depends on factors derived from transaction cost theory and management commitment to foreign markets. The study found that resources are not a problem to U.S. seafood exporters.     

生态农业综合效益评价指标体系及评价方法

依据生态农业的本质特征，将生态农业的综合效益分为生态效益、经济效益、社会效益三个子系统；运用定性分析与定量判断相结合的方法，建立了一个3层次、18个具体指标构成的评价指标体系；运用AHP方法科学确定出各指标的权重，运用模糊隶属度函数的方法进行无量纲化处理，通过计算由各指标权重和无量纲化值构成的线性加权和函数来表示生态农业建设的综合效益指数，并给出了综合效益的统计分析方法。     

The Challenges of Organic Production and Marketing in Europe and Spain: Innovative Marketing for the Future With Quality and Safe Food Products

In this work the actual situation of organic production and marketing in Spain is explained, studying and analyzing their evolution in the last decade of previous the century and in the first years of the new millennium. In Spain, organic production began in the 1970s with pioneers in Catalonia, Murcia Region, and other zones. It was in the 1990s when was observed a great increase in organic surfaces. A very interesting and critical date is that at the moment, more than 80% of organic products are being exported to other European countries, United States, and other foreign markets, and it is necessary to find new marketing strategies and innovations to structure the organic market, give new information to consumers, improve investments in the relation between retailers and consumers, and improve the perception of the utilities of these products. In some countries, as is the case of Spain, the consumers don't have enough information about the characteristics of organic products, organic food, and organic production methodologies. They must have all the information about the benefits of organic production methodologies and their implications in environmental conservation, biodiversity protection, food quality and safety, and this task must be provided by the new marketing strategies and actions.     

Total factor productivity change in hog production and Quebec's revenue insurance program

Quebec's hog industry is supported by a revenue insurance program that guarantees a minimum price, but it also faces strict environmental constraints. Under price volatility, risk-averse farms may contract their output enough to produce under increasing returns. We show that the subsidy and downside risk reduction effects of the revenue insurance program tend to stimulate output and increase the likelihood of production under increasing returns. Environmental constraints that raise the cost of manure management and limit areas under cultivation also increase the likelihood of decreasing returns. Scale efficiency and technical efficiency measures are obtained through a parametric decomposition of total factor productivity (TFP) obtained from the estimation of an output distance function. As in hog studies pertaining to other countries, we found a TFP average annual growth of 5.2% between 2004 and 2012. Scale efficiency is much lower than in other countries, as per our prior about the program's distortions and environmental constraints. Integrating annual TFP gains into the setting of the minimum guaranteed price could reduce program costs by $12 million per year. About $70–80 million per year could be saved by investing in extension activities that would bring increase the level of technical efficiency of inefficient farms to the provincial average. A metatechnology frontier approach allowing for an endogenous input was also implemented to assess the robustness of the scale efficiency results.     

Factors Affecting Capacity Utilisation in English Channel Fisheries

The harvesting capacity of the European fishing fleet far exceeds the reproductive potential of the resource base. As a result, most European Union fisheries are both biologically and economically over‐exploited. A series of fleet‐reduction policies have been introduced in order to bring the harvesting capacity in line with target output levels. However, the existence of unutilised capacity may reduce the effectiveness of these schemes as the remaining vessels may increase their individual capacity utilisation (CU), thus offsetting the effects of fleet reduction. In this paper, the effects of stock abundance, output prices, fuel prices and fleet size on the rate of capacity utilisation are examined for a range of UK fleet segments operating in the English Channel. Estimates of CU are derived using data envelopment analysis. Results indicate that the average beam trawl vessel, using existing physical inputs, could potentially increase its revenue by a further 50%, assuming current fish stock levels and unrestricted access to resources. The average gill net vessel could similarly increase its output by 43%, scallop dredge by 28% and otter trawl by 14%. The results suggest that changes in stock abundance are the main factor affecting CU, with no significant trends being observed for the economic variables.