首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Management's critical success factors (MCSFs) are used to indicate how farm profits develop, but their usefulness as profitability predictors has previously not been analyzed statistically. This paper explores the usefulness of some commonly used MCSFs in Swedish dairy farms, by investigating whether the MCSFs are significant predictors of economic efficiency. Further, the paper takes a comprehensive view of evaluating farm level efficiency, in that all major input and output efficiency scores are estimated. Previous literature has focused on only one score, or on only one perspective. Our results show that cost efficiency is the more problematic part of the profitability process. Especially the allocative part needs to be improved. Moreover, the results show that the MCSFs milk quality, herd fertility and involuntary culls ratio may not work as indicators of economic performance, whereas milk yield per cow and the mastitis ratio are significant indicators.  相似文献   

2.
    
This paper examines the effects of the institutional environment on West African cotton farmers’ technical efficiency (TE). First, key aspects of the cotton sector institutional environment are discussed, including input and credit access, and producers’ organisations. Then, a stochastic frontier production function, which incorporates technical inefficiency effects, is applied to farm level data collected in Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali. The survey includes farmers’ evaluations of the cotton sector institutional environment. Results suggest that institutional level features influence producers’ TE, besides farm‐level characteristics. Cotton growers who report a negative experience with the joint liability programme, who identify the cotton price mechanism or access to credit as the main constraints to performance, and who cultivate more hectares of cereals are technically more inefficient in producing cotton. Findings suggest that cotton farmers in Mali are less technically efficient in producing cotton than in Burkina Faso and Benin. Agricultural development policies focusing on reducing farmers’ financial stress, particularly through the establishment of adequate price mechanisms (i.e. higher farm‐gate prices and timely payments to farmers) and improvement in the input–credit markets should be encouraged to improve TE in West Africa.  相似文献   

3.
    
Quebec's hog industry is supported by a revenue insurance program that guarantees a minimum price, but it also faces strict environmental constraints. Under price volatility, risk-averse farms may contract their output enough to produce under increasing returns. We show that the subsidy and downside risk reduction effects of the revenue insurance program tend to stimulate output and increase the likelihood of production under increasing returns. Environmental constraints that raise the cost of manure management and limit areas under cultivation also increase the likelihood of decreasing returns. Scale efficiency and technical efficiency measures are obtained through a parametric decomposition of total factor productivity (TFP) obtained from the estimation of an output distance function. As in hog studies pertaining to other countries, we found a TFP average annual growth of 5.2% between 2004 and 2012. Scale efficiency is much lower than in other countries, as per our prior about the program's distortions and environmental constraints. Integrating annual TFP gains into the setting of the minimum guaranteed price could reduce program costs by $12 million per year. About $70–80 million per year could be saved by investing in extension activities that would bring increase the level of technical efficiency of inefficient farms to the provincial average. A metatechnology frontier approach allowing for an endogenous input was also implemented to assess the robustness of the scale efficiency results.  相似文献   

4.
5.
    
The main objective of this paper is to evaluate and analyse technical efficiency (TE) levels for hillside farmers under different levels of adoption of soil conservation in El Salvador and Honduras. A switching regression model is implemented to examine potential selectivity bias for high and low level adopters, and separate stochastic production frontiers, corrected for selectivity bias, are estimated for each group. The main results indicate that households with above-average adoption show statistically higher average TE than those with lower adoption. Households with higher adoption have smaller farms and display the highest partial output elasticity for land. Constraints in the land and credit markets are likely explanations for these differences. In addition, all estimated models show that TE has a positive and significant association with education and extension.  相似文献   

6.
研究目的:以深圳市为对象定量研究区域土地利用演化方法。研究方法:文献资料法,空间Logistic模型和Markov模型,实证分析法。研究结果:(1)空间Logistic和Markov模型集成可提升单一模型的应用能力,宏观上利用Markov Chain进行土地利用规模总量预测,微观上利用多分类Multinomial Logistic模型解决分类变量与连续变量,定性变量和定量变量的联合解算提高空间回归精度,同时可以确定每一个土地利用单元转移概率,实现土地利用空间分布的预测;(2)基于集成模型开发出的应用系统能够有效仿真和预测深圳市土地利用演化,通过验证系统预测精度能够满足近期土地利用预警和年度土地供应计划编制。研究结论:空间Logistic和Markov的集成模型是研究区域近期土地利用演化的有效方法。  相似文献   

7.
万志芳  刘禹君 《林业经济问题》2012,32(5):377-381,387
通过对黑龙江省40家国有森工企业的问卷调查,运用因子分析法和二元Logistic回归模型萃取和分析了黑龙江省国有森工企业森林认证的影响因素,得出了对其影响显著的因素:推动力因素因子和企业经营状况与森林认证的关系因子。根据统计分析的结果,提出了加强科研机构的宣传培训力度、加快森林认证专业人才的培养、扩大政府在推进森林认证方面的作用、提高森工企业的森林认证能力和提升森工企业的竞争力等对策建议。  相似文献   

8.
作为评价农业经济单位经济运行效率高低与质量优劣的重要指标,农业全要素生产率的高低直接影响一个地区的农业竞争力。选取甘肃省14市(州)面板数据,采用基于DEA的Malmquist指数法测算了1991~2012年农业全要素生产率。结果表明:1991~2012年间,甘肃农业全要素生产率平均增长1.3%,其中,技术效率年均增长率0.7%,技术进步年均增长率0.6%,农业全要素生产率贡献了甘肃农业年均增长率的22.61%。表明此时期农业技术进步与技术效率增进对甘肃农业全要素生产率增长均有正向促进作用,农业增长的主要动力仍然是各类要素的投入,农业增长与发展的动力还远未从投入为主转变为全要素生产率的进步为主。另外,甘肃农业全要素生产率增长存在阶段波动与区域不均衡现象。农业全要素生产率测算分析表明,如何提高甘肃农业全要素生产率、转变农业增长方式,应在加强农业科技创新、加大科技推广力度、不断提高农业部门管理效率与资源配置效率的同时,通过积极培育新型农业经营主体、推进农业适当规模经营来逐步改善农业生产规模效率。  相似文献   

9.
目的 探索农业全要素生产率增长对农业用水强度的影响,为实现农业节水增效和可持续发展提供新的经验依据。方法 文章基于2004—2017年中国31省(市、自治区,不含港澳台)面板数据,采用随机前沿函数法、面板回归模型和面板门槛模型探讨了农业全要素生产率对农业用水强度的影响效果、作用方式和异质性。结果 (1)农业全要素生产率增长对农业用水强度具有显著负向影响,具体来说主要通过技术进步降低农业用水强度;(2)农业全要素生产率对农业用水强度的影响具有门槛特征,伴随着农业全要素生产率门槛值的跨越,农业全要素生产率提升对农业用水强度的负向影响程度得到增强,从而带来农业用水强度的阶梯性下降;(3)从水稀缺程度异质性看,农业全要素生产率可以有效降低高度缺水地区和中度缺水地区的农业用水强度,而对低度缺水地区的农业用水强度无显著影响。结论 根据水稀缺程度因地制宜提升农业全要素生产率,使其尽早跨越门槛阈值,将会是实现农业节水增效的关键。  相似文献   

10.
[目的]马铃薯主粮化已成为我国第四次主粮革命的新趋势,我国马铃薯产业具有良好的产能基础,种植面积和总产量均居全球第一,但单产低于世界平均水平,且产业发展面临诸如加工能力低、经营模式落后、产业布局不合理的现实问题,为实现我国主粮多元化需要加快马铃薯产业转型升级。[方法]文章运用DEA-Malmquist指数测度2011—2016年我国马铃薯16个主产区的生产效率和全要素生产率水平,利用Moran's I分析全要素生产率变化的空间自相关性及动态变化。[结果]马铃薯产业整体技术效率偏低且区域发展水平不均衡;逐渐从技术进步转变到更加注重提高技术效率且主导因素存在区域性差异;形成了自成一体的\"新区\"、南北连通的\"西区\"和强强联手的\"北区\"三大集聚区。[结论]马铃薯产业区域性明显,打破地理界线跨地区发展是未来产业发展的方向,最后从技术效率提升、区域产业布局、市场对接等方面对我国马铃薯产业优化调整提出了对策建议。  相似文献   

11.
[目的]通过测算中国各省市粮食生产效率评价中国粮食生产综合绩效,并从支农政策、要素投入等维度考察其对中国粮食生产效率的影响。[方法]基于2004—2016年省域面板数据,采用MalmquistDEA模型对粮食生产效率进行测度和分解,并运用面板Tobit随机效应模型对粮食生产效率影响因素进行实证检验。[结果]研究期内粮食生产全要素生产率及其分解指标总体达到DEA有效,且具有明显的时空差异特征;粮食全要素生产率改进主要源于技术进步,而技术效率作用偏低,\"单引擎\"驱动特征明显;化肥、农用机械、灌溉及支农政策对粮食全要素生产率、技术进步、技术效率均具有正向促进作用,但化肥投入对技术效率作用不显著,各因素作用强度排序为\"支农政策化肥农业机械灌溉\",且这些影响同样具有区域差异。[结论]提升粮食全要素生产率时要注重农业技术更要逐步提升农业技术效率,通过改革财政支农政策体系和转变要素投入结构来提升中国粮食综合生产效率。  相似文献   

12.
以花园中心产品的消费者购买影响因素作为出发点,通过实证调研的方式获取相关数据,构建评价消费者购买意愿的指标体系,并运用二元Logistic回归分析方法研究了北京市五棵松城市公园花园中心产品的消费者购买影响因素问题。通过研究发现:消费者住房因素、室内空气净化需求因素、对花园中心概念了解程度因素、对小绿植、小盆花和阳台园林小品等产品有需求因素对消费者的购买意愿产生显著的正向影响作用;对花种、工具和肥料等产品有需求因素产生负向影响作用;消费者的年龄、职业、花卉购买渠道和每年在家居花卉的消费总额因素所产生的影响效果不显著。  相似文献   

13.
We examine the comparative efficiency of family relative to corporate farms, using FADN data for the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania and Spain. We estimate a non‐parametric non‐separable farm production function, and derive efficiency scores for both family and corporate farms. We decompose efficiency into two distinct sources – organisational differences and management capabilities. We find evidence for organisational efficiency gains from family farming, relative to corporate farming, and these appear to increase with family involvement. However, with regard to management capabilities, family farms do not compare so favourably. Furthermore, family involvement does not seem to have any systematic effect on the efficiency derived from management capabilities. Our findings suggest that further investigation of the way family farms employ and build management capabilities is needed to substantiate any ‘superiority’ claims.  相似文献   

14.
We examine how farm characteristics affect marketing contract decisions. We relax the restrictive assumptions of Tobit, Poisson, and multinomial logit models and consider the quantity, frequency, and contract type decisions conditional on, rather than jointly with, the contract adoption decision. In contrast to earlier studies on marketing contract decisions, we estimate a two-step econometric model using Agricultural Resource Management Study data and find that farm characteristics affecting decisions to adopt marketing contracts differ from those affecting decisions regarding quantity, frequency, and contract type.  相似文献   

15.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Profitability change can be decomposed into the product of a total factor productivity (TFP) index and an index measuring changes in relative prices. Many TFP indexes can be further decomposed into measures of technical change, technical efficiency change, scale efficiency change and mix efficiency change. The class of indexes that can be decomposed in this way includes the Fisher, Törnqvist and Hicks–Moorsteen TFP indexes but not the Malmquist TFP index of Caves, Christensen and Diewert (1982). This paper develops data envelopment analysis methodology for computing and decomposing the Hicks–Moorsteen index. The empirical feasibility of the methodology is demonstrated using country‐level agricultural data covering the period 1970–2001. The paper explains why relatively small countries tend to be the most productive, and why favourable movements in relative prices tend to simultaneously increase net returns and decrease productivity. Australia appears to have experienced this relative price effect since at least 1970. Thus, if Australia is a price‐taker in output and input markets, Australian agricultural policy‐makers should not be overly concerned about the estimated 15 per cent decline in agricultural productivity that has taken place over the last three decades.  相似文献   

16.
    
We use the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to explain how underlying psychological constructs influence farmers’ decisions to extend their farm businesses to income‐generating ventures outside conventional agricultural production. The analysis contrasts the influence of psychological constructs on this decision with those on decisions to specialise in a single farm enterprise or to have multiple farm enterprises. This is one of the first studies to introduce psychological constructs into the study of farm diversification. It is based on a sample of 929 Swedish farms participating in the official Swedish Farm Economic Survey. These data are supplemented with a detailed postal questionnaire to the participating farmers, generating a response rate of 73% and an effective sample size of 679 farmers and their businesses. Data are analysed with factor and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results show that psychological constructs in TPB (attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control) influence farmers’ decisions regarding the strategy they adopt. Attitude and subjective norm are found to be especially influential in these decisions. Given the prominent role agriculture still has in rural development policy, where the development of new ventures in farm businesses is perceived as the engine for rural economic growth and employment, these findings have clear policy implications.  相似文献   

17.
    
The article examines the effectiveness of export marketing arrangements in 4 of New Zealand's agricultural industries within an institutional perspective. The coordination tasks and economic return from the export were investigated in each industry. Safeguarding problems within a deregulated marketing arrangement might explain reluctance to engage in joint marketing efforts. The gain from setting up new arrangements that foster profitability must be perceived as larger than the setup costs and perceived future costs of mounting down existing arrangements. A framework for design of export marketing arrangements in agriculture industries is proposed. Suggestions for future research are outlined.  相似文献   

18.
绿色农产品消费行为影响因素分析及行为调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
绿色农产品供给是适应消费升级的一个重要路径,是农产品高质量提升的一个重要形态.中国农业资源产出有限且各类消费品都面临消费升级压力,探讨绿色农产品的消费行为影响因素对优化绿色农产品供给、提升农产品供给质量、增加消费有积极意义.通过影响区域绿色农产品消费的因素识别,以消费者购买决策的过程关键变量调查研究对象,通过经济欠发达...  相似文献   

19.
基于林产品生产和销售的特点,在低碳经济下林产品营销渠道建设需重新审视。通过阐述低碳经济下林产品营销和发展面临的要求,针对林产品渠道存在的问题,提出了林产品营销渠道重建的建议,创新渠道体制,提高渠道绩效;使用现代信息技术,建立资源节约型渠道体系;优化渠道组织,提高渠道效益等。  相似文献   

20.
目的 提高粮食生产效率是保障国家粮食安全的重要任务,对粮食生产中典型的冬小麦—夏玉米复种模式的生产效率进行分析,可以精确把握粮食生产效率,为粮食生产相关政策制定提供参考。方法 文章基于2007—2018年6省(市)面板数据,运用SBM-DEA和Fare-Primont模型从静态和动态视角对冬小麦—夏玉米复种模式的技术效率和全要素生产率的空间分布和时序变动特征进行测算及比较。结果 冬小麦—夏玉米复种模式的平均技术效率和全要素生产率水平值分别为0.793和0.744;机械投入、农药投入和水资源投入的平均冗余率较高,分别为28.693%、26.670%和21.578%。剩余混合效率即投入产出混合比例优化是造成冬小麦—夏玉米全要素生产率地区差异的主要原因;冬小麦—夏玉米复种模式的全要素生产率波动中小幅上升,技术进步、技术效率和剩余混合效率是主要影响因素。结论 冬小麦—夏玉米复种模式的低生产效率客观存在,应通过生产资料的科学合理投入,加快科技创新推广,推动粮食生产适度规模经营等方式来推动粮食高质量发展。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号