The green revolution in Nigeria: Prospects for agricultural development

This article considers the application of green revolution strategies in Nigeria. The authors discuss the background issues and the genesis of the green revolution before turning to the specific experiences of countries in Indo-Pakistan. The prospects for accelerated agricultural development in Nigeria brought about by green revolution technologies is considered. The authors conclude that the case of Nigeria is conceptually different to that of Asian countries but, with careful planning, green revolution technologies can contribute to sustained agricultural development in Nigeria.     

展望1999

难忘的１９９８即将过去,１９９９作为本世纪的最后一个年头正向我们走来。１９９９年将是按照党的十五大战略部署,加快推进改革开放和现代化建设十分关键的一年;也是煤炭工业在新的管理体制下深化改革,调整结构,强化行业管理,开创工作新局面的重要一年。回首过去,...     

2000年经济前景展望

考虑到国内外经济环境的新变化 ,作者认为 ,2 0 0 0年我国经济发展前景会略好于 1 999年。 2 0 0 0年要继续坚持扩大内需政策取向 ,深化经济体制改革 ,推进非国有经济的发展 ,关注解决失业、扩大就业等问题     

Prospects for video telephony

Noll overstates the case for the failure of video telephony. This paper reviews research on the use of video in business and at home. Improvements in algorithms, costs, standards and data transport are overcoming technological barriers. Recent field trials show sustained use of video phones and the emergence of novel applications that extend the medium beyond conventional interpersonal communication, including the use of video as data, to access multimedia services and to sustain organizational awareness. In residential settings the dominant use of video telephony is likely to be for routine social calls, for which video is especially suited.     

对我国建立天然气衍生品市场的思考

我国目前的天然气流通机制和价格管理方式落后于天然气工业及市场的发展,建立天然气衍生品市场是我国未来天然气流通机制和价格体系的改革之路.目前东北亚地区没有一个能够反映天然气供需、形成机制公开透明的指标性的市场化价格.为控制价格风险和保障供应,建立健全我国天然气衍生品市场具有战略意义.按照目前我国天然气管线和液化天然气接收站的建设规划,广东省更有可能成为我国重要的天然气定价基点之一.我国液化天然气(槽车运输)市场开放度较高,且已经存在一定规模的现货交易,建议近期上市液化天然气衍生品品种,为以后上市管道天然气现货及衍生品品种做好试点.     

对中东石油发展前景的预测

在当前高油价下,石油产量“顶峰论”、“石油枯竭论”再度盛行,引发人们对世界石油前景的深思和对石油发展战略方向的讨论。尽管有人对作为世界主要石油生产和出口区的中东的石油前景作出了悲观论断,然而有一个事实不能忽略：新技术和新工艺的采用不仅可以减缓油田产量的下降,还可以使已进入“壮年期”的油田得以长期稳产甚至增产。基于对中东不同类型产油国油气开发阶段的客观分析和根据相关参数所作的产量预测,可以得出结论：中东的石油前景不是“黄昏的落日”,中东的石油产量远未达到“顶峰”。由于中东产油国长期执行“限产保价”政策以及部分国家战火连绵,中东的很多地区勘探程度不够。加大投资力度、提高技术水平、使石油政策向有利于石油开发的方向调整等是中东石油生产获得进一步发展的关键因素。     

Land use in Nigeria

Prior to the Land Use Decree of 1978, the Nigerian land tenure system had become the object of intense attack and defence by vested interests promoting their views on changes in the tenure system which would best increase food and fibre production. The many points of view could be classified into two opposing camps: those who regarded the tenure system as inimical to agricultural development with emphasis on food production; and, those who argued that the tenure system was not a hindrance at that time. This article provides background information on issues leading to the land tenure reform in Nigeria; points out some of the shortcomings of past direct government control and management of land, and the Land Use Decree; suggests needed modifications to the Land Use Decree's implementation; and, derives some food production policy implications.     

我国农村能源发展前瞻

一、农村能源发展现状二十世纪八十年代末,在全国范围内曾进行过一次农村能源利用调查,调查表明,农村居民生活用电(炊事、取暖)以及农村产品加工,如制茶、烤烟叶等,主要靠烧薪柴和秸秆,有些地方烧砖瓦也用薪柴。据估计,全国年耗生物质能实物量高达6亿吨,其中薪柴2.4~2.6亿吨,这是我国生态环境遭受破坏,水土流失和荒漠化加剧的主要原因。2000年,对全国农村居民生活用能又作了一次调查,据估计农村能源消耗总量达3.7亿吨标准煤,其中薪柴占21.76%,秸秆占33.41%,煤炭占31.9%,电力占9.31%,成品油占2.04%,液化气、沼气等占1.58%。全国农村居民每年…     

生物质发电前景广阔

生物质发电现状 生物质能源是太阳能以化学能形式贮存在生物中的一种能量形式，遍布世界各地，其蕴藏量极大，仅地球上的植物，每年生产量就相当于目前人类消耗矿物能的20倍，或相当于世界现有人口食物能量的160倍。我国拥有丰富的生物质资源，理论生物质资源约50亿吨左右。目前，可供利用开发的资源主要为生物质废弃物，包括农作物秸秆、薪柴、禽畜粪便、工业有机废弃物和城市固体有机垃圾等。     

2000年我国电子信息产品市场展望

一、2000年电子信息产品市场走势电子信息技术的发展将对2000年电子信息产品市场产生三个方面的影响。(1)市场的主导产品和主流产品。电子信息技术发展对市场主导产品和主流产品的影响直接体现在改变市场的需求结构,如改变消费者偏好,改变某种产品市场需求量,等等。电子信息技术的飞速发展导致电子产品市场需求不断变化,这种影响又主要表现在三个方面:一是数字化技术的发展使得传统模拟技术产品受到冲击,导致模拟技术产品的市场需求逐渐减少,数字化产品的市场需求逐渐增加。在一些产品领域如家电产品中,数字化产品将成为市场的主导产品,并有…     

中国润滑油基础油规格展望

中国是基础油生产大国，每年基础油产量有近300万吨，同时每年还进口几十万吨润滑油基础油。中国市场的基础油品种多，有来自不同原油的基础油（如石蜡基、中间基和环烷基），有采用不同加工工艺的基础油（如老三套工艺以及加氢工艺基础油）。在众多的基础油面前，基础油的用户、生产商和贸易商基础油对规格标准有着不同理解，国外进口基础油多称一次加氢油和两次加氢油，国内生产的基础油多按中石化的企业标准生产（如HVI和MVI等），而很多用户却参考美国API的分类（如Ⅰ族或Ⅱ族）。对基础油的不同称谓实际上也部分代表了从不同角度对基础油规格的理解。认为，中国现行的基础油规格应向流行的API的基础油分类同时存在的还有API基础油发动机油互换规则（见表3）。举例来说，若某种属于I族的基础油并以某种添加剂为配方的油品通过了CF－4全套台架试验，那么其他属于Ⅰ族或Ⅱ族基础油也能以该添加剂为配方达到CF－4性能，不用再做任何CF－4所要求的台架试验如Cat-1K等。这正是API对基础油分类的用心所在，也体现了其优越之处。     

Food production policies in Nigeria

This review of Nigerian food production deals with the economic background to and the problems in food production, processing and marketing. The author examines the attempts to improve food supply and the government's approach. He discusses the problems of implementing the plans, prominent amongst which is the land tenure system.     

Decentralization in the NHS: Prospects for Workplace Unionism

The substantial changes that are taking place in the organization of the UK public sector are transforming traditional patterns of industrial relations based on centralized and institutionalized collective bargaining. Whether the trade unions can successfully respond to this process will be of prime importance for the future development of industrial relations in the public sector. The paper considers recent evidence of the impact of decentralization on union organization in four hospital units. The research findings suggest that there is a growth in union activity as a result of the process of decentralization, but that the effectiveness of unions is likely to vary considerably between hospitals.     

Prospects for food demand and supply in Central Asia

Central Asia has experienced massive economic and social shocks during the past decade following the dissolution of the former Soviet Union. Demand for cereals, particularly for staple cereals and meats, has fallen significantly even as production and productivity have plummeted. Although agricultural reforms were launched in 1991, the performance of the agricultural sector has been weak across the region. Prospects for food security in Central Asia appear mixed. Projections indicate that a growing and urbanizing population in Central Asia with rising incomes will increase demand for cereals by 32% between 1995 and 2020 to reach 24 million tons, and for meat by 47% to reach 2.9 million tons. Improvements in crop productivity will be essential to meet the increases in demand projected for the region. Cereal production is forecast to keep pace with demand such that Central Asia will be virtually self-sufficient in cereals. However, national food self-sufficiency or food security does not necessarily translate into household or individual food security. Moreover, self-sufficiency comes with a high price-tag of opportunities foregone and inappropriate use made of resources. Given the growing enthusiasm for food self-sufficiency in Central Asia, it is imperative that research be undertaken to assess the full costs and benefits of such a policy.     

2007年宏观经济形势及2008年展望

2007年党中央、国务院根据宏观经济运行中存在和新出现的突出矛盾及可能影响经济社会发展全局的重大问题,继续加强和完善宏观调控,实现了经济快速增长,企业利润提高,财政收入增加,居民收入提高,从总体看,国民经济和社会发展形势保持了良好势态。但是自第二季度以来,经济增长由偏快转向过热的趋势进一步明显,并且已经引起了中央的高度重视。2007年11月28日,中共中央政治局专门召开会议,分析当前经济形势,研究     

天然气合成润滑油发展前景

天然气合成润滑油具有饱和烃含量高、黏度指数高、清洁、价格低等特点，是理想黏度等级的润滑油基础油。制造工艺主要有水蒸气改质法、部分氧化法和自热改质法三种。随着天然气工业的发展，天然气合成润滑油将对高黏度基础油和传统质量的基础油带来极大压力，具有广阔的前景。     

Prospects for reform of the Common Agricultural Policy

Burgeoning stocks and increasing budgetary pressure are leading to mounting criticism of the CAP. Recent experience suggests that these internal pressures are unlikely to precipitate fundamental reform in the short to medium term because of the opportunity to defer expenditure and to transfer costs to the national governments. It is argued that rather than seeking a market-oriented solution, the Community appears set on continuing to make ad hoc policy adjustments aimed at minimizing expenditure and overcoming problems arising in particular sectors.