浙江省服务贸易的国际竞争力分析

进入20世纪90年代以来,国际服务贸易获得了长足的发展,国际服务贸易额已占全球贸易总额的25%以上,年平均增长速度超过15%,远远快于货物贸易的增长速度。服务贸易成为当今世界经济最具发展潜力和发展活力的部分,扩大国际服务贸易越来越成为一些国家或者地区改善国     

影响中国服务贸易发展的不利因素及对策

改革开放以来,中国对外服务贸易增长速度超过了同期世界服务贸易的增长水平,在国际服务贸易中的地位不断提高,但是,就横向比较而言,中国的服务贸易还存在许多不足。通过对中国目前服务贸易中存在的不利因素的分析,提出了加快发展中国服务贸易的对策。     

国际服务贸易发展的趋势及原因

随着世界经济的发展和国际分工的日益深化,服务贸易已成为当今国际贸易发展最为迅速的领域,其增长速度远远高于同期国际货物贸易的发展,并逐步成为了主要发达国家经济发展中的主导产业。为顺应国际服务贸易快速发展的需要,在原关贸总协定第八轮谈判——乌拉圭回合中,达成了《服务贸易总协定》(GATS)第一次将服务贸易纳入了多边贸易管理体制。在GATS的形成后的十多年中,国际服务贸易持续增长,自由化程度不断提高。     

俄罗斯和中东欧转轨国家服务贸易自由化发展评析

从理论上讲,服务贸易市场化、自由化无疑对推动国际服务贸易发展以及提升国家竞争力具有重要意义。近年来,国际服务贸易的年均增长速度略高于货物贸易,已有不少发达国家步入服务经济社会。因此,俄罗斯和中东欧转轨国家在体制转换的同时,也致力于服务贸易的发展和服务贸易自由化的改革,以分享服务贸易带来的益处,从而有助于加快实现转轨之初预定的赶超目标。     

完善税收政策 提升我国服务贸易的国际竞争力

近年来,我国服务贸易在整体规模和增长速度上都取得了较为瞩目的成绩,但国际竞争力不强提升我国服务贸易的国际竞争力,需要政策引导,助推服务贸易发展,应加快推进“营改增”步伐,使增值税进一步扩围到服务贸易相关领域,构筑有助于服务业产业链上下游发展的税收政策体系,进一步完善鼓励企业走出去相关的税收政策.     

浙江省国际服务贸易发展态势评析

浙江省是一个经济和对外贸易快速发展的省份,改革开放以来,浙江省经济总量迅速增长,其中进出口总额以年均25.2%的速度快速增长。作为对外贸易的一部分,浙江省国际服务贸易也快速增长,2002年-2010年年均增长速度高达29.3%。从2004年开始浙江省国际服务贸易由逆差转为顺差。在对外经济顺利发展的情况下,浙江省国际服务贸易有何发展态势,本文加以探讨。     

挑战与机遇—论我国国际服务贸易在二十一世纪的发展

随着全球经济一体化的不断深入发展,国际服务贸易伴随着国际贸易发展的步伐,慢慢走向了成熟,当今国际服务贸易额占国际贸易总额的1／3,其年增长率亦超过了国际贸易的增长速度,当代世界经济和贸易发展的历史证明,经济服务化是社会经济发展的必然趋势,许多国家正致力于服务市场的开发,各发达国家尤为明显,在美国,其服务贸易出口占出口贸易额的60％到70％。     

中国金融服务贸易外在效应及其政策建议

就贸易规模而言,国际服务贸易与货物贸易相比还是存在较大差距,但随着全球贸易分工的不断深化和发展,近年来世界各国给予服务贸易发展以高度重视,其增长速度超过货物贸易的增长速度,在丰富国际贸易发展方式的同时也逐渐成为各国经济增长乃至世界经济增长的新增长极。金融服务贸易为推动各国服务贸易发展作出的贡献举足轻重,占有很高比例,一国经济持续健康发展需要成熟的货币金融体系来支撑,金融服务贸易是构建良好金融服务体系的重要环节,分析我国金融服务贸易对经济增长所产生的外在效应,提出为更好发展金融服务贸易所应采取的相关政策措施,对我国更好的发展金融服务贸易以带动经济持续健康发展具有十分重大的理论和现实意义。     

服务贸易开放及我国的政策建议

服务贸易是当今国际贸易中发展最为迅速的领域,近十几年来,发达国家服务贸易额的增长远远超过了货物贸易的增长速度。随着国际服务贸易的发展及其在国际贸易中的比重日益上升,世界各国纷纷加强了对服务贸易的研究。服务贸易自由化与对外开放是一个问题的两个方面,自由化是就全球而言,对外开放是站在一国的角度开放本国的市场,增加竞争。本文分析了服务贸易开放的福利效应以及开放对中国服务贸易的冲击,并提出了相应政策建议。     

《国际服务贸易》课程教学思考和改革探析

国际服务贸易是国际贸易的重要组成部分。随着国家产业结构的转型升级和经济结构的调整,国际服务贸易在一国对外贸易中所占的比重和增长速度呈逐年增长的态势。该特点使得教育界和学术界对于国际服务贸易的研究和行情分析,以及对该领域专业人才培养提出了更高要求。然而,纵观国内高等教育国际经济与贸易专业《国际服务贸易》课程的设置和教材教学,在很多方面还存在改进和完善的空间。现就在本课程教学过程中所面临的问题和总结出的经验,结合该领域的最新发展动态,做出相应的问题剖析并给出改革建议。     

国际服务贸易比较优势与自由化理论及其启示

国际服务贸易的发展和国际贸易组织关于国际服务贸易问题的谈判,引发了国外理论界对H-O-S模型对于国际服务贸易是否具有适应性的广泛讨论.许多学者认为,H-O-S模型对于国际服务贸易同样适应.他们讨论中提出的论点和论据,为发展中国家发展国际服务贸易的政策选择提供了许多有益的启迪.     

过境交付服务贸易的发展及其影响

电子商务技术和国际外包活动等新型商务实践的发展明显促进了过境交付服务贸易的发展。本文在缺乏准确统计数据的情况下,通过对现有相关统计指标和统计数据的处理,就电子商务和国际服务外包引起的过境交付数字传媒产品、电子服务贸易、IT和商务处理服务贸易等的发展程度做了粗略估计,并就这些新型过境交付服务贸易产品发展所引起的关税损失、服务质量监管和知识产权保护、发展中国家的贸易收益和经济社会安全等特殊问题进行了初步探讨。     

The Impact of Services Trade Restrictiveness on Trade Flows

This paper uses recent OECD data on services trade restrictions (STRI) to analyse the relationship between services trade policies and cross‐border trade in services. A standard gravity model is enhanced by the STRI indices in a cross‐section regression analysis. Services trade restrictions are negatively associated with both imports and exports of services. The surprisingly strong effect on services exports is probably explained by a negative relationship between the STRIs and sector performance indicators. Consequently, services suppliers from less open countries are less competitive abroad. Bilateral differences in regulation are also found to curtail services trade over and above the impact of the trade liberalisation level. At the margin, regulatory differences have a larger effect on trade flows the lower the level of the STRI.     

货物贸易、服务贸易与技术贸易发展趋向

通过对世界货物贸易、世界服务贸易和国际技术贸易这三者的发展状况进行对比分析,考察三者在贸易自由化方面的关系,认为技术贸易自由化的阻力是技术贸易、服务贸易和货物贸易中最小的,且发展最快;服务贸易自由化的阻力又小于货物贸易自由化的阻力,其发展速度快于货物贸易,并据此提出我国应采取的对策建议。     

Assessing the Benefits to Developing Countries of Liberalisation in Services Trade

This paper discusses the potential impacts of services trade liberalisation on developing countries and reviews existing quantitative studies. Its purpose is to distill themes from current literature rather than to advocate specific policy changes. The picture emerging is one of valiant attempts to quantify in the presence of formidable analytical and data problems yielding only a clouded image of likely impacts on trade, consumption, production and welfare emerging to the point that the policy implications of results are not always clear. A central intuition would seem to be that with genuine two‐sided (OECD/non‐OECD) liberalisation in services that are seemingly considerably labour‐intensive in delivery, the potential should be there for significant developing country gains from global liberalisation allowing full cross‐border delivery. However, this picture is neither fully endorsed by available studies, neither is it explicitly contradicted. This seems to be the case for a number of reasons. One difficulty with the studies is that the conceptual underpinnings of what determines trade in services and how this trade differs analytically from that of trade in goods (if at all) is an issue prior to assessments of impacts of liberalisation of trade in services on developing countries being discussed. Key issues here are the treatment of mobility for service providers (both firms and workers), and the differing analytical structures needed to analyse individual service items (banking, insurance, telecoms, etc.). Some recent analytical work suggests that liber‐alisation in some service items, such as banking, need not always yield gains, and this contrasts with quantitative studies where analytical structures mirror conventional trade in goods treatments. The discussion and measurement of barriers to service trade in both developed and developing countries is also problematic. One is talking of domestic regulation, entry barriers, portability of providers, competition policy regimes more so than only barriers at national borders, as with tariffs. Both representing and quantifying such barriers raise major difficulties, and these are also spelled out in the paper. Which barriers actually restrict trade, and which do not because they are redundant is one issue, for instance. It is also often misleading to represent barriers in simple ad valorem equivalent form. As a result, numerical modelling work on the effects of service trade barriers which is based on ad valorem equivalent modelling is often not fully convincing. In addition, individual country results vary considerably across studies in ways that it is frequently hard for outsiders to understand. Studies do, however, point towards a tentative conclusion that effects are small and positive for developed and most developing countries if FDI flow changes accompanying service trade liberalisation are excluded from the analysis, but much larger and more variable across countries if they are present. This could be taken to suggest that mode 3 GATS liberalisation (roughly captured in some studies) might be important for developing countries; but mode 4 GATS liberalisation could be even more important given large barriers to labour flows across countries. Thus, if service trade liberalisation is thought of primarily as a surrogate for improved functioning of global factor markets in which more capital flows to developing countries and more labour flows from them to developed countries, then developing countries could benefit in a major way from genuine two‐sided (OECD/non‐OECD) liberalisation. Developing countries fear, however, that in global negotiations on services liberalisation where there is an asymmetry of power that largely one‐sided liberalisation may be the outcome, and their gains will be correspondingly limited. The paper concludes by evaluating econometric studies on linkage between services liberalisation and country growth rules, and briefly discusses some key sectoral issues in health services and transportation.     

京津沪渝服务贸易竞争力及其影响因素的实证研究

文章首先分析了京津沪渝服务贸易发展现状,并基于RCA指数对四城市服务贸易竞争力进行比较分析,同时利用2001-2010年京津沪渝的面板数据,运用单位根检验、协整检验以及误差修正模型方法对服务贸易竞争力的影响因素进行了实证研究,结果表明京津沪渝服务贸易竞争力与服务贸易出口开放度、外商直接投资、人才储备水平、科研投入水平、第三产业比重、货物出口比重以及国内生产总值之间存在着长、短期均衡的关系,最后提出了京津沪渝服务贸易发展的相关建议。     

数字服务贸易国际竞争力比较及对我国启示

数字服务贸易是指通过网络跨境传输交付的产品和服务贸易,是数字贸易的重要组成部分。数字服务贸易深刻影响国际贸易分工、分配关系,引发国际社会广泛关注,各国围绕跨境数据流动、数据存储规则、知识产权保护、数字服务监管等的博弈日益激烈。基于联合国贸发会议统计框架和相关数据对全球数字服务贸易发展态势进行分析,并通过国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数、显性比较优势指数对主要经济体数字服务贸易国际竞争力进行比较后发现,全球数字服务贸易增长迅猛,正成为服务贸易增长关键动力,推动全球贸易向服务化方向发展;从细分子类看,与信息通信技术(ICT)高度相关的计算机和信息服务贸易增长最快,金融、保险、工程研发等传统服务贸易增长较慢;从主要经济体看,发展中国家与发达国家数字服务贸易在规模、占比和竞争力水平上均存在较大差距,并呈现出一定扩大趋势。我国应把握数字服务贸易发展机遇,推动数字服务产业创新发展,鼓励和支持企业参与全球数字服务分工,完善数字服务治理体系,与相似发展水平的国家一同推动包容性数字贸易规则体系的建设。     

中国与发达国家生产者服务业产业内贸易比较研究——基于货物贸易、服务贸易的视角分析

随着国际贸易的纵深发展,当今社会贸易种类已由传统的货物贸易向现代服务贸易转变,生产者服务业作为服务贸易中最核心、附加价值最高的组成部分在后工业经济时代发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文采用中国与有代表性的发达国家美、日、德、法、意经济体间生产者服务部门产业内贸易比较测度,揭示出当今中国在急需产业转型、效益提升的关键时期与发达国家间生产者服务业产业内贸易的现状与问题。同时,文中应用我国与发达国家间生产者服务业产业内贸易受约因素的面板数据分析,发现2000-2005年间,中美、中德、中意专利产业内贸易不存在,仅有产业间贸易,说明我国与发达国家间专利技术方面的差距所在。基于文中的研究提出我国要大力提升专利业发展、继续巩固货物贸易比较优势,提高科研、提升人力资本和加强环保,这将对我国与发达国家间生产者服务业产业内贸易增长发挥促进作用。     

Trade Costs and Changes in Canada's Trade Pattern

This paper measures the size and composition of non‐tariff trade costs such as transport, wholesale, and network costs incurred in Canada's merchandise trade using Statistics Canada's latest ‘trade margins’ statistics. It examines how changes in these trade costs have influenced Canada's merchandise trade pattern and the course of economic integration. Our results show that as tariffs have been substantially reduced and largely abolished, costs associated with transport and distribution services now appear much larger than remaining customs duties; therefore, liberalisation in services might be the next key step in promoting greater merchandise trade. Further, reducing transport and other trade‐related costs has helped ‘reverse’ the ‘home market effect’, expanding Canada's domestic demand and production for exports of differentiated products.     

我国服务贸易国际竞争力研究

随着服务业的对外开放,我国服务贸易发展迅速,2009年服务贸易出口排名世界第五.但是,与发达国家相比,我国服务贸易竞争力较弱,制约了我国服务贸易的发展.本文在数据调研的基础上,分别利用国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数和显性比较优势指数三个指标对我国服务贸易竞争力进行了分析,并提出了提升我国服务贸易竞争力的对策.