美国SAKS公司的越库配送系统

当今，越库配送为希望精简原产地到销售点供应链的零售商提供了巨大的发展潜力，除了可以消除不必要的产品输送和存储工作以及所有与过量存货相关的直接成本外，越库配送还为零售商提供了进一步节约成本的潜在可能。如果需要存储的产品数量较少，存储并输送该产品所需的空间和设备也会减少，这样订单履行速度将会提高而且产品损坏和过期的可能性也大大降低。     

美国城市增长管理的方法与启示

介绍美国主要的三类城市增长管理方法,即管理和控制城市增长区间和特点的方法;保护自然资源、环境质量和生态特征的方法;提供有效的公共基础设施的方法.分别对每一类方法进行了系统的介绍,进而指出对中国城市增长管理和土地利用管制的启示.     

A comparative study of bureaucratic corruption in Latin America and the U.S.A.

The starting point of this paper is a conceptual model of bureaucratic corruption, based on the assumption that bureaucrats (a) maximize personal utilities, and (b) control a monopoly in the production of certain goods and services. This conceptual model leads to a system of three equations representing demand, supply and market clearance of the goods and services supplied by the bureaucracy. Using the market clearance equation, an equation for the level of corruption in a bureaucracy is obtained. The conceptual model helps to specify the signs of the partial derivatives of the level of corruption with respect to the explanatory variables. Two sets of data are used to test the model. The first refers to levels of corruption in the bureaucracies of 17 Latin American countries, while the second deals with levels of corruption of Federal officials working in individual states in the U.S.A., state officials, and local officials. The conclusions obtained thus far using the statistical analysis confirm the expectations derived with the conceptual model.     

U.S. Strategic Trade Policy and the Competitiveness of the U.S. Construction Industry in Developing Country Markets

SUMMARY

U.S. government trade policy increasingly reflects “strategic trade” beliefs that, because competition in markets is imperfect, governments can act strategically to affect trade flows and enhance national welfare. The U.S. National Export Strategy targets the infrastructure sector in twelve developing countries as a strategic opportunity for U.S. construction firms. This paper examines whether U.S. government export promotion initiatives effectively implement strategic trade policy by providing appropriate support to these firms in that target market. It concludes that, within limits, they do.     

美国联邦大学生贷款资助体系研究

美国联邦大学生贷款资助体系经过半个多世纪的发展,已经成为一个相对完善的体系,包含有多种贷款项目和还款方式,并且具备了多样性、灵活性和政府担保性等主要特征。其成功的经验为中国的国家助学贷款改革提供了新的思路。     

The Living Wage and the Effects of Real Minimum Wages on Part-Time and Teen Employment

In many parts of the country, campaigns are being carried out and laws are being passed whose aim is to establish, among other things, standards for contracting out public services and setting acceptable living wages that will provide employees decent living standards. Living wages have economic consequences on employment of different groups of workers such as part-time, teenagers, and women and detailed data are needed to measure those effects. In the absence of such data and because of the strong link between living and minimum wages, this study tests the potential impact of living wages by using the model of minimum wages. The study documents a negative and significant relationship between real minimum wages and the employment levels of the various groups. The study also recommends better training and education, free competition in the labor market, and fair compensation based on the workers productivity as justifiable means to achieve a sustainable level of living wages without causing an unemployment repercussion.     

美国《复苏与再投资法案》浅析

浅析了美国<复苏与再投资法案>的优势:先进的制度设计,促使投资尽早起效;严格的程序要求,保证投资准确到位;监管方式的多样,确保投资全面落实.     

A comparison of multifactor productivity calculations of the U.S. agricultural sector

Since the late 1970s, there have been fourteen studies that have estimated multifactor productivity (MFP) growth rates for the U.S. agricultural sector. The estimates of average annual MFP growth rates have ranged from 1.15 to 1.94 percent per year for studies using the gross productivity approach. The purpose of this paper is to identify the reasons for these different estimates. We consider theoretical and empirical factors and do not find any single reason that satisfactory explains the variation. The alternative estimates appear to be most sensitive to the coverage of years.     

美国是如何管理城市的

为了学习和借鉴美国大城市管理的经验 ,由市委研究室、市市政管委、市国土资源和房屋管理局等课题参与单位组成的北京市城市管理考察团 ,从2 0 0 1年 9月 4日至 9月 1 4日 ,先后对美国首都华盛顿、纽约、旧金山、洛杉矶等主要城市进行访问考察 ,与华盛顿市政府、美国住房和城市发展部、斯坦福研究中心、乔治梅森大学公共政策院、世界银行东亚及太平洋地区城市发展部、洛杉矶市政府城市规划局等单位的政府官员和专家学者 ,就城市管理理论研究和实践探索领域的有关内容开展交流 ,取得了预期效果。　　一、美国城市管理的一些成功做法　　通过…     

美国城市郊区化与都市区发展

一、美国城市化扩散与都市区的形成　　 1 美国城市郊区化过程美国从 19世纪末到 2 0世纪初开始城市郊区化过程 ,这一阶段多为富人对较高生活质量的追求而在通勤铁路线上出现“卧城”或称“乡村别墅区”。在2 0世纪 2 0～ 30年代 ,纽约、芝加哥等大城市郊区城镇人口开始超过市中心人口 ,但总体来说这一时期的城市人口超出郊区人口。二战后由于汽车与高速公路的发展推动了“大众郊区化” ,联邦政府和地方政府投入巨资兴建高速公路 ,至 2 0世纪 6 0年代高速公路网已深入乡间 ,中间阶级和高收入的蓝领工人纷纷涌入郊区。从 194 0年到 1970年 ,…     

The demand for imports and exports in the U.S.: A survey

One of the more important issues in applied international economics is the extent to which trade flows adjust to changes in income, relative prices, and exchange rates. In this paper, the literature on the empirical estimation of the demand for imports and exports for the U.S. is surveyed. More precisely, this paper updates earlier surveys by Stern, Francis, and Schumacher (1976) and Goldstein and Khan (1985).     

A Test of U. S. National Economic Policy in the Post-World War II Period

Abstract . This inquiry is an effort to evaluate the macroeconomic performance of the United States economy in the period after the close of World War II in terms of the macroeconomic goals to which national economic policy supposedly had been directed. That is, whether policy achieved full employment, price stability or an adequate rate of growth. Insofar as key indicators can be used as a basis for judgment—and there is, as yet, no scientific basis for measuring how far that reliance can be chanced—it would appear that policy was least successful in attaining full employment with price stability, or full employment, or price stability. In certain infrequent periods, growth seems to have occurred. But was its rate “adequate?” And did it result from policy? Analysis by key indicators may not tell us much, if anything; but it helps to delineate an approach toward policy-monitoring researchers need to cultivate.