Ridit分析在老年人健康状况研究中的应用

老年人健康状况研究中常常会遇到各种等级变量的分组比较,如健康状况自我评价年龄间、性别间、城乡间的比较.当采用原始数据进行分组比较时,通常只能说明等级构成上的不同,却很难判别各组的好差或高低.Ridit分析是一种用来处理等级变量的统计分析方法,平均Ridit值作为一个指标用于处理等级资料具有简单明了、易于理解、便于比较的特点.     

乡镇干部公共服务能力调查与研究

作为个体胜任素质的重要组成部分,工作专业技能的掌握程度影响人整体能力的提升。本文以部分河北省乡镇干部为例,采用问卷调查法收集相关材料,并运用统计学的单因素分析法比较不同分组间的差异,进而总结乡镇干部公共服务能力中工作专业技能掌握程度的现状。研究表明,乡镇干部公共服务能力中工作专业技能的掌握程度在年龄、薪资、等级方面无显著差异。     

小波分析在经济金融领域的应用

小波分析能够处理低频和高频数据,聚焦信号的任意细节,依据时间和频率分解变量或序列,在金融经济领域逐渐得到了广泛应用。本文从小波分解和小波去噪出发,介绍了小波分析的基本方法,并探讨了小波变换在经济金融领域的具体应用,包括：宏观变量间的关系、小波变换与格兰杰因果检验结合测试变量间的因果关系、测试多个变量间的频率依赖性和超前-滞后关系、与传统计量模型和机器学习算法结合预测金融变量方面的应用。     

差分方程在经济分析中的应用

动态系统中变量间的关系往往表作一个(组)微分方程或差分方程,它们是两类不同的方程,前者处理的是连续变量,而后者处理的则是依次取非负整数的离散变量,这两类方程在经济研究中有着重要的应用。本文着重介绍差分(?)程在经济分析中的应用。     

基于STATA的辽宁省城市经济发展水平实证研究

为研究辽宁城市经济发展水平,本文以辽宁省14个地级市为研究对象,依据《辽宁统计年鉴》相关数据,使用STATA 17.0软件进行分析,选取了11个研究变量,分别采用相关分析法、回归分析法、因子分析法和聚类分析法对辽宁省14个城市的经济发展水平进行比较与评价,然后对辽宁14个城市的因子得分进行排序并按城市经济社会发展水平分为3个等级,分析出辽宁的城市经济发展水平不均衡、存在较大的地区间差异现象,最后对此提出针对辽宁城市经济发展的对策与建议。     

关于全国各省市年人均收入的数据统计与分析

为研究各地区年人均收入的差异性和相似性,收集了1997年31个省市自治区各类经济单位的年人均收入数据(数据来源为中国统计网)。因涉及变量较多,直接进行地区间的比较分析较繁琐,因此首先采用因子分析方法减少变量个数,然后再进行比较和综合评价。     

对外贸易、FDI与碳排放量——基于甘肃省1995～2012年数据的实证分析

本文利用甘肃省1995²012年的相关数据实证检验了进口额、出口额、外商直接投资和碳排放之间的关系。通过分析发现,变量间的数据满足一阶单整,变量之间具有长期的均衡关系;碳排放量和出口额、外商直接投资为正相关,碳排放量和进口额为负相关,但各个变量的影响程度还比较低。通过格兰杰因果检验发现,解释变量和碳排放量存在单向的因果关系。     

中国高龄老人最健康和最不健康群体特征分析——兼论中国高龄老人健康影响因素

基于 1998年中国高龄老人健康长寿服务监测基线调查数据 ,用卡方自动交互作用检测法选出大约 10 %的最健康群体和大约 10 %的最不健康群体 ,并对各自的特征及其影响因素进行了探讨。结果显示 ,在没有个人行为变量的模型中 ,年龄、性别、社会经济因素和个人文化程度对高龄老人健康状况和区分最健康群体和最不健康群体有较大作用。加入个人行为变量后 ,某些行为和心理因素的作用在个别情况下超过年龄、个人其他微观特征变量和社会经济变量     

环境卫生服务可及性、健康与收入的实证研究

安全的饮用水、卫生设施和清洁的家用燃料是保障家庭成员健康的基础。在国内外已有研究的基础上,借鉴人力资本理论,构建理论模型深入考察环境卫生服务可及性、健康与收入的影响和互动机理。主要研究结果表明:(1)改善环境卫生服务可及性能够有效帮助农村居民摆脱"环境健康贫困"。实证结果表明改善家庭环境卫生服务可及性,能够显著提高居民健康和收入水平,家庭环境卫生服务可及性每提高一个等级,家庭成员患慢性病概率就会降低,且收入增加一倍有余。(2)收入越低、健康状况越差的家庭,环境卫生服务可及状况也相对较差,而改善环境卫生服务可及性能更好的帮助弱势群体提高健康和收入水平。根据数据分析,农村弱势群体无法同等机会享受到自来水、冲水厕所和天然气等服务,健康能力被剥夺,健康状况下降,一年内工作的时间相对减少,收入下降。(3)环境卫生服务可及性、健康与收入三个变量形成稳定的循环影响系统,彼此存在很强内生性。     

中国高龄老人最健康和最不健康群体特征分析——兼论中国高龄老人健康影响因素

基于1998年中国高龄老人健康长寿服务监测基线调查数据,用卡方自动交互作用检测法选出大约10%的最健康群体和大约10%的最不健康群体,并对各自的特征及其影响因素进行了探讨.结果显示,在没有个人行为变量的模型中,年龄、性别、社会经济因素和个人文化程度对高龄老人健康状况和区分最健康群体和最不健康群体有较大作用.加入个人行为变量后,某些行为和心理因素的作用在个别情况下超过年龄、个人其他微观特征变量和社会经济变量.     

A new approach to validate customer satisfaction multi-item measures: the case of shopping goods

In the field of marketing many objects of interest exist that are not directly observable, nevertheless they can be measured through multi-item measurement scales. These instruments are extremely useful and their importance requires accurate development and validation procedures. The traditional marketing literature highlights specific protocols along with statistical instruments and techniques to be used for achieving this goal. For example, correlation coefficients, univariate and multivariate analysis of variance and factorial analysis are widely employed with this purpose. However, these statistical tools are suitable for metric variables but they are adopted even when the nature of the observed variables is different, as it often occurs, since in many cases the items of which the scale is made up are ordinal. Latent class analysis takes explicitly into account the ordinal nature of the observed variables and also the fact that the object of interest is unobservable. The aim of this paper is to show how latent class analysis can improve the procedures for developing and validating a multi-item measurement scale for measuring customer satisfaction with reference to a shopping good, that is a good characterized by a high level of involvement and an emotional learning, linked to the lifestyle of the customer. The latent class approach explicitly considers both the ordinal nature of the observed variables and the fact that the construct to be measured is not directly observable. Applying appropriate latent class models, important features such as scale dimensionality, criterion and construct validity can be better assessed while evaluating the scale.     

The Misuse of Measurement in Economics

This paper is concerned with the problems that arise in economic analysis when ordinal variables are taken to be cardinal variables in models that require variables to be cardinally quantified for manipulative purposes. The main conclusion is that, in many important cases, this practice results in constructions that are without meaning, significance and power. Such a result applies, for example, to the efficiency wage model if effort, as many believe, is capable of only ordinal measurement. Similar problems arise (i) with the use of proxy variables, and (ii) even when prediction is the only goal.     

Nudging using the ‘dish of the day’ strategy does not work for plant‐based meals in a Danish sample of adolescent and older people

Adequate nutrition is an important factor for health and well‐being in adolescents and later years. Fruits and vegetables are part of a healthy diet as important source of nutrients, but their intakes are lower than the recommendations in European countries. This study aimed to compare the choices made by adolescents and older people between three similar dishes, one based on meat, one on fish and one on vegetables, in two different conditions: a neutral (control) situation and an intervention situation in which the vegetable‐based meal was designated ‘dish of the day’. The comparisons of choices will be made within the same age group (adolescents in the control group vs. adolescents in the intervention group; older people in the control group vs. older people in the intervention group). A quasi‐randomised field trial design was used with a sample of 94 adolescents (aged 10–19 years) and 97 older people (aged ≥65 years), who were randomly allocated to intervention or control groups. In the control situation participants were asked to choose between three similar meals, one meat, one fish and one the VeggiEat dish. In the intervention, the VeggiEat dish was labelled the ‘Dish of the day’. All dishes were provided free of charge, displayed side by side in the same order and served in same portions. The dish choices showed no differences between the control and intervention groups in both age groups, and no differences were found among the other variables analysed. This nudging strategy, ‘dish of the day’, seems not to work for the Danish sample of adolescents and older people. Future nudging studies with these populations are needed in order to find the best strategy to move adolescents' and older people's food habits toward a healthier pattern.     

The Transaction Index: A Method for Standardizing Comparisons of Transaction Characteristics Across Different Contexts

This article develops a transaction index (TI), a new method that facilitates comparisons of pricing behavior between reference and target groups of transactors across different types of transactions. The TI compares the target price, derived from the target group, to a transaction zone, which is a range of plausible prices in a negotiation established by the reference groups. These two groups should be conceptually related, for example, through a social association. Statistically, the index can bring transactions at widely differing price levels to a common level and standardize price volatility to facilitate comparisons across transactions. Conceptually, it incorporates a comparison of two groups into a single measure so that their relationship can be analyzed in terms of other variables. An application of a TI to friends' and strangers' pricing decisions reveals richer associations than those observed through more traditional analytic approaches.     

How do customers change their purchasing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic?

This study focuses on examining how customers' shopping behaviors have changed during the pandemic and contributing variables. Three primary shopping modes include online purchases, curbside pickup, and in-store shopping. The dependent variables are the changes in customers' spending in those three modes during the pandemic. The theory of fear appeal was used as the theoretical foundation for selecting independent variables. Based on this theory, two groups of independent variables were identified, fears for health and fears for financial conditions due to COVID-19. Additionally, demographic variables were also included in the analysis. The data from Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey Phase 3.1 collected from June 23 to July 5, 2021, was used with 24,998 useable cases. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data to test the effects of independent variables on customers' shopping behavior changes in the three modes. The results show that both fears for health and fears for financial conditions have effects on the shopping behavioral changes. Due to those fears, residents change their shopping behaviors by considering the shopping modes that allow them to deal with or avoid the risks. Additionally, demographic variables, including age, gender, race, income, and marriage status, also have significant impacts on their shopping decisions.     

Impacts of health and environmental consciousness on young female consumers' attitude towards and purchase of natural beauty products

This study investigated young female consumers' beauty product shopping behavioural patterns, their perceived importance of product attributes, and their attitude towards and purchase of natural beauty products. This study also examines whether consumers' product attitudes and shopping behaviours are influenced by their health and environmental consciousness. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 210 female college students enrolled at a south‐eastern university in the US. In order to examine the impacts of both health and environmental consciousness on other selected variables, the respondents were divided into four groups based on their scores on the two variables, and a series of analysis of variance were conducted to compare characteristics of the four groups. The results showed that health and environmental consciousness significantly influenced the importance placed on beauty product attributes. Additionally, those with a high level of both health and environmental consciousness were significantly more positive in their evaluations than those with low scores on both variables in their perceptions of natural beauty products. Those with low scores on both variables were significantly less willing than the other groups to pay more for natural beauty products. Analysis of variance results also indicated that the two groups with a high level of environmental consciousness purchased natural beauty products more frequently than those with a low level of health and environmental consciousness, indicating a relatively stronger impact of environmental consciousness than health consciousness on frequency of natural beauty product purchases. Health and environmental consciousness were both significantly related to a respondent's perceived level of knowledge of beauty products and ability to distinguish natural from conventional beauty products.     

Multiple regression with a qualitative dependent variable

This paper describes several methods by which a single set of scores for a qualitative (usually ordinal) dependent variable can be estimated simultaneously with the coefficients of the explanatory variables of a model. The canonical correlations and multiple discriminant analysis approaches are well known in the statistics literature. However, the paper goes on to show an iterative least-squares multiple regression technique can provide a useful approximation to these more general procedures. The techniques are illustrated with labor force participation and voter turnout examples.     

The role of family ownership in international entrepreneurship: exploring nonlinear effects

Empirical research on international entrepreneurship is growing, but results on the role of family ownership in this phenomenon are inconsistent. We believe these inconsistencies owe to prior researchers having not yet investigated nonlinear relationships. Drawing on opposing perspectives of stewardship and stagnation, we explore potential benefits and drawbacks of family ownership for international entrepreneurship and explore nonlinear relationships among these two variables. Using a sample of 1,035 US family businesses and applying ordinal regression analysis, we find an inverted U-shaped relationship between family ownership and international entrepreneurship: International entrepreneurship is maximized when family ownership stands at moderate levels. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practice and indicate avenues for future research.     

Evaluating the effects of executive learning and development on organisational performance: implications for developing senior manager and executive capabilities

In spite of decades of research into high‐performance work systems, very few studies have examined the relationship between executive learning and development and organisational performance. In an attempt to close this gap, this study explores the effects of a validated four‐dimensional executive learning and development measure on a composite measure of organisational performance. The study is based on ordinal regression analysis with empirical data elicited from 222 executives and senior leaders drawn from a wide geographic region. The theoretical link theoretical between the two variables was established by building on the Activity‐Motivation‐Outcome concept in order to encapsulate human capital, dynamic capability, resource dependency, social exchange and leader‐member‐exchange theories. The study reported an overall positive effect of executive learning and development on firm performance and has significant implications for the effective development of executive and senior management capabilities as a means of improving organisational effectiveness.