FDI技术溢出效应中“人力资本门槛”的实证研究——来自长江三角洲16个城市的证据

区域如何扩大FDI所带来的技术扩散效应是一个尚未完全解决的问题.本文通过考虑FDI技术溢出效应的内生经济增长模型,初步建立了适合中国实际的计量模型,利用1990-2005年长三角地区16个城市的市级面板数据来分析FDI在长三角地区是否存在技术溢出效应及其传导途径.实证研究结果表明,FDI技术溢出对长三角地区经济影响有显著的正效应,并且这种正效应具有鲜明的人力资本特征,即外商直接投资在长三角地区是通过与当地的人力资本结合对经济增长产生了积极作用.因而,提高区域的人力资本供应数量不仅能够扩大技术扩散效应,而且有利于经济的持续增长.     

FDI、人力资本门槛与就业——基于门槛效应的检验

本文从理论上分析了FDI影响劳动力就业的传导机制,并利用2002~2012年中国省际面板数据,以人力资本为门槛变量构建门槛回归模型,实证检验了FDI对我国高技能劳动力和低技能劳动力就业影响的门槛效应。研究结果表明:FDI对高技能劳动力和低技能劳动力就业的影响存在显著的人力资本门槛效应。在人力资本较低阶段,FDI会拉动低技能劳动力就业而抑制高技能劳动力就业;在中等人力资本阶段,FDI对高技能劳动力就业无显著影响,对低技能劳动力就业则有负影响;在高人力资本阶段,FDI会显著拉动高技能劳动力就业并抑制低技能劳动力就业。     

人力资本流动对FDI技术溢出效应的影响

人力资本流动对增强东道国自身技术吸收能力具有重要意义。本文选取来华留学生数与留学回国人员数之和以及外资就业率作为人力资本流动的代理指标,使用数据包络分析方法（DEA）来测算技术进步,以中国为例就人力资本流动对FDI技术吸收能力的影响进行了实证分析,并得出结论：FDI和人力资本流动相结合与技术进步存在正相关关系,但正效应并不显著。中国应当提高人力资本流动质量,提升其总体水平,为FDI技术溢出创造优越的人才环境。     

FDI在中国的技术外溢效应:基于面板数据的考察

通过使用1994～2006年的中国省际面板数据,分析了FDI对中国的技术外溢效应,并进一步实证考察了人力资本在FDI技术外溢中所起的作用。结果表明,缺乏经验证据支持FDI的正向技术外溢效应,但发现人力资本有利于促进FDI技术外溢效应作用的发挥。因此,在吸引外商直接投资的同时,要进一步思考如何有效利用和发挥其外溢效应,注重与国内的技术和人力资本的积累相结合,挖掘各区域对FDI技术外溢效应的吸收能力,弥合区域间发展的不平衡。     

中国人力资本水平与FDI技术溢出关系研究

针对1985-2009年间中国人力资本水平和FDI技术溢出进行VECM模型检验结果表明,我国人力资本水平与FDI技术溢出存在长期稳定关系,但短期关系不显著。从动态层面看,FDI技术溢出变化对我国人力资本水平有显著的正向影响,但我国人力资本水平变化对FDI技术溢出的正向影响程度较弱。     

FDI对我国经济增长的区域差异分析

文章基于面板数据,对内生增长模型进行改进,建立二阶段经济增长模型来分析FDI对区域经济增长的影响,运用固定效应进行实证分析发现:FDI在促进区域经济增长的程度大小由东往西存在着梯度递减的现象。具体到FDI的作用途径,FDI主要通过作用于物质资本来促进区域经济的增长,在人力资本上的作用效果则较弱甚至可以忽略。此外FDI对促进地区经济转型也发挥着重要的作用。     

外商直接投资对中国经济增长影响的实证分析

本文分析了1981～2004年外商直接投资和中国经济增长的关系。分别考察了外商直接投资与对外贸易、人力资本及国内投资的相互作用对中国经济增长的影响,实证结果表明,FDI通过影响中国的对外贸易有力促进了中国经济增长;FDI对提升中国人力资本水平的作用不明显;FDI对国内投资存在挤出效应。在实证研究的基础上,本文最后分析了FDI对中国经济增长的净效应并得出了相关结论及启示。     

人力资本对FDI流动影响的文献综述

FDI的规模、区位选择受多种因素的影响,其中人力资本产生极为重要的影响。人力资本是技术外溢的重要渠道,提高人力资本水平是吸收和适应FDI技术外溢的必要条件。东道国吸收能力的一个重要组成部分就是人力资本水平,东道国获得技术外溢效应的必要条件之一就是东道国有经过良好训练的人力资本。     

交通基础设施和人力资本结构高级化与区域技术创新——基于2008—2017年30个省份的面板数据

技术创新是引领经济高质量发展的新动能。基于2008—2017年中国30个省(区、市)的面板数据,实证检验交通基础设施对区域技术创新绩效的直接效应和人力资本结构高级化的间接效应。结果表明,交通基础设施对区域技术创新水平有明显的促进作用;人力资本结构高级化对区域技术创新的中介作用为负;交通基础设施的创新效应存在区域异质性。因此,在制定创新驱动战略的发展路径时,要保持交通基础设施投资在固定资产投资中的比重,因地制宜地制定差异化区域政策,促进高层级人力资本流入,既要关注高层级人力资本的比重,也要提高教育质量和教育水平,改善区域人力资本分布的不平衡现状。     

对外开放、人力资本与区域技术进步(1996~2005)

本文在考虑人力资本对劳动力投入质量的影响下,运用DEA方法测算了中国及各区域的技术进步指数,并将对外开放和人力资本放入统一的研究框架内分析其对技术进步的影响。结果发现,对外开放对我国技术进步起显著的推动作用,但从各区域细分研究来看,这种推动效果存在较大差异。人力资本作为推动技术进步的重要因素,虽然在当期对技术进步的影响显著为负,但在滞后一期不论是从全国还是分区域来看,都明显地促进了技术进步的提高。     

Uncovering the Relationship between FDI, Human Capital and Technological Progress in Chinese High-technology Industries

Using a panel dataset for 28 sub-industries from 5 Chinese industries from 1995 to 2006, this paper examines the impact of human capital, R＆D expenditure and FD1 spillover on the productivity improvement of Chinese high-technology industries. The whole industry sample results suggest that human capital promotes total factor productivity, technical change and technical efficiency change, but that FDI lowers all of these factors in Chinese high-technology industry. When we distinguish between types of ownership structure in the industries, we find that human capital improves technical change but lowers technical efficiency change, whereas FDI only improves technical efficiency change in state-owned and state-controlled enterprises but reduces technical change in state-owned and state-controlled enterprises and joint ventures.     

Human capital,FTAs and foreign direct investment flows into ASEAN

In this paper, we examine the impact of foreign direct investment flows into ASEAN in a gravity model using the bilateral FDI data from 2000 to 2009. In particular, we study the key factors that determine the FDI flows into the region including human capital development and whether membership of a bilateral or regional trade agreement has a differential impact on FDI flows using an extended gravity model. The empirical results indicate that free trade agreements do have positive impact on FDI inflows. However, the returns on FDI inflows depend on the domestic absorptive capacity of the economy and region. It is imperative for ASEAN to align its infrastructure, human capital and technologies to provide MNCs with the necessary linkages to the global network and also to move the domestic industries seamlessly up the global production value-chain. The paper highlights that this is crucial for deeper ASEAN integration and for sustainable growth in the region.     

人力资本、社会资本与流动人口就业收入 —基于流动人口正规就业与非正规就业的比较分析

文章通过建立OLS回归方程以及Oaxaca—Blinder的分解方法,实证分析了人力资本、社会资本与我国流动人口就业收入的关系,研究发现：人力资本对流动人口正规就业收入有明显影响而对非正规就业收入影响很小,社会资本是影响流动人口非正规就业收入的主要因素但对正规就业收入影响不大。 Oaxaca—Blinder 的分解表明：流动人口非正规就业者和正规就业者收入差距的50.69％归结于流动人口内部特征上的差异,受教育程度差异是造成其工资收入差异的主要原因。     

The Role of Human Capital in Networks Effects: Evidence from US Exports

Abstract

Previous literature suggested that immigrants have a positive impact on international transactions such as exports. However, even though previous studies emphasize the role of individual and families in enhancing networks effects, none of these studies, surprisingly, have considered the heterogeneity of immigrants. Since each individual has different social and educational backgrounds, the impact of immigrants on exports may differ among individuals depending on their personal attributes. The main contribution of this paper is to go one step further in discussing the role of immigrants in enhancing host country exports. This research attempts to answer the question of whether all immigrants encourage host country exports or not. Using US state-level data, we find that the human capital level of immigrants plays an important role in enhancing US exports. Furthermore, using the data-sorting method developed by Hansen, we find that immigrants from countries with a high level of human capital increase US exports while immigrants from countries with a low level of human capital do not.     

我国FDI技术溢出与人力资本互动机制的实证研究

本文以我国行业样本为实证分析对象,通过构建FDI技术外溢模型,研究FDI和人力资本内在关联关系的存在性及行业差异性。实证结果表明,我国FDI与人力资本之间存在互动机制,且两者之间的互动机制在我国不同行业表现出显著的差异。两者间的互动机制在农业表现为反向关联,在工业和服务业为正向关联,并且工业的互动效果强于服务业。     

Research on Spillover Effect of Foreign Direct Investment

The paper figure out there is potential for significant spillover effects from FDI into host countries. The paper summarizes some of the aggregate evidence of technology and productivity spillovers from FDI, and we focus more closely on the effects of FDI on human capital development in the host countries, both through linkages and various kinds of training, Section 4 is the summarization and conclusion of the paper.     

Human Capital Development and Its Influence on FDI Withdrawal: An Empirical Analysis

This paper examines the causal effect of human capital expansion on the exit of foreign-owned firms using the difference-in-differences method together with a quasi-natural experiment involving the expansion of higher education in China in 1999. The expansion of human capital reduces the probability of the exit of foreign-owned firms significantly. This conclusion remains robust under a series of tests, including changing the sample range, adjusting the identification method, and considering the trade liberalization. Analysis of the mechanism indicates that human capital expansion reduces the exit probability of foreign-owned firms by stimulating innovation, improving production efficiency, and optimizing the quality of input and output goods. Industries with higher asset specificity are also more likely to restrain the exit of foreign-owned firms through human capital expansion. Overall, the findings of this study provide a good insight into the exit behavior of FDI in China from the perspective of human capital.     

人力资本、物质资本与江苏南北产业转移——基于资本效率的视角

江苏经济发展总体水平排在全国前列,但省内南北地区之间发展不平衡,苏南近年来以较大优势领先于苏北。苏南物质资本较苏北丰富,但其产出效率比苏北低。苏北人力资本数量庞大,但总体素质较苏南低。苏北物质资本稀缺,对人力资本的开发利用程度低,但近年苏北人力资本产出增长速度较快。苏南产业向苏北转移能够提高其产出效率,加大对苏北人力资本的开发力度,同时可以改进全省物质和人力资本的整体产出效率。     

Growth Constraints and Determinants of a South Pacific Island in a Global Economy: A Study of Fiji

Abstract

In a global economy, the South Pacific islands face unique constraints to growth. The study investigates whether Fiji was benefited by three-decade old open trade policies. Through a multivariate cointegration analysis, the study establishes the existence of a long-run relationship between open trade policy and physical and human capital resources. Although physical capital had a positive impact on growth, the existing complementary relationship between two kinds of capital requires that a threshold between physical and human capital needs to be attained before any negative influence on growth can be transformed into positive impact.     

Openness,human capital and total factor productivity: evidence from China

This paper examines the drivers behind China's economic growth. In particular, it focuses on the channels of knowledge spillovers: human capital and openness to trade and foreign direct investment. The specific features of the study include using the most recent comprehensive panel data consisting of 29 provinces during the period 1994–2006 and performing unit root and cointegration tests in the panel data framework. The paper finds that human capital, trade and FDI are the significant determinants of total factor productivity, but their importance varies with technological levels of provinces. These findings have important policy implications.