中国石油战略问题思考和对策分析

目前,中国油气储量、产量有明显的上升,但天然气勘探开发明显滞后于世界其它国家,油气资源消耗中存在五个方面的问题。根据未来油气资源的需求,我国应调整石油消费结构,提高油气资源利用效益;不断提高天然气在我国能源利用的比例;开辟新的油气探区,保障中国海洋石油资源的权益;加强国外油气勘探开发,开展国际石油贸易;加强能源勘探开发、利用相关的立法,建立完善的石油战略储备制度;加强油气新能源的勘探开发和综合利用技术研究,增加油气来源的多元化。     

The role of oil and gas in China's energy strategy: an overview

China is well endowed with energy resources, having large quantities of coal, oil, gas and hydropower, as well as tremendous solar, wind and biomass energy potential. It even has its own uranium. To date, the country has relied mainly on coal and hydropower to generate its electricity and on oil to power its vehicles. However, with climate change and consequent rising sea levels, increased incidence of drought, intense storms, etc., China, having become the world's largest emitter of CO_2, is under strong international pressure to re-examine its energy strategy and find ways to reduce its carbon emissions. Thus, the government plans to greatly increase its use of natural gas in power generation. Gas emits less than half the CO₂ that coal emits. It is argued here that over the next 20 years, massive imports of gas via pipeline and liquefied natural gas tankers, combined with the development of unconventional gas reserves in the country may partly substitute for the large quantities of coal currently being used to generate electricity, but will not likely completely replace them. As for transport fuels, China, like all other countries, has little choice but to continue relying on oil regardless of whether it is imported or China develops its own large-scale shale oil operations. There is no alternate fuel of the same density available at the same or better price. The use of biofuels and electric/hybrid vehicles will not supplant the use of gasoline or diesel in the near future. Thus, the role of oil and gas in China's energy strategy are set to remain very significant over the next 20 years.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定脂肪酸组成鉴别地沟油的方法研究

建立了分析油脂样品中37种脂肪酸含量的气相色谱-质谱检测方法,通过对100多种植物油和20多种地沟油的37种脂肪酸含量的分析,总结出了根据37种脂肪酸含量鉴别地沟油的判定依据。低碳数饱和脂肪酸是地沟油与植物油差异较大的组分,但是应用气相色谱方法测定时无法对其进行准确的定性定量,从而无法根据低碳数饱和脂肪酸的组成进行是否地沟油判定。应用气相色谱-质谱方法,提高了方法的灵敏度,完善了根据脂肪酸组成判定地沟油的依据。应用该判定依据,对卫生部两次盲样进行判定,阳性准确率分别为100%和95%,阴性准确率分别为100%和90%,表明该判定依据是一种有效且准确率较高的鉴别地沟油的方法。     

非洲石油经济发展的自主性及其主流影响分析

在中东地区持续动荡的背景下,非洲石油因其独特的优势而使其重要性日益凸显。随着非洲本土石油公司的崛起,非洲石油经济的自主发展势头强劲。石油经济对非洲产油国经济社会发展的积极影响渐成主流。     

我国油气消费与经济增长关系实证分析

改革开放以来,我国经济建设取得了举世瞩目的成绩,经济的快速发展带动了能源消费的快速增长。本文选取1978-2010年我国石油和天然气消费数据与历年GDP总量数据,运用国际上广泛采用的协整理论和Granger因果关系检验,试图揭示我国油气消费与经济增长之间的内在关系,旨在为研究油气需求的影响因素以及油气价格的形成机制打下基础。     

非常规油气资源开发对美国复兴制造业的影响

美国非常规油气资源大规模开采导致天然气价格大幅度下降,为企业创造了新的低成本竞争优势,为制造业复兴提供了动力。但是,能源密集型制造业的兴起不利于美国政府发展先进制造业的努力。美国非常规油气资源的大规模开发引发的制造业投资和产出增加将减少中国制成品的出口,也为中国转变出口方式、促进制造业转型升级提供了机遇。     

我国石油天然气会计存在的问题及其改进

统一的会计制度不能够反映石油天然气会计的特殊性,海外上市的石油公司虽然采用国际通用的成果法,但在某些具体处理上仍然存在缺陷。为提高会计信息的决策相关性,应在储量信息报告等诸多方面对我国的石油天然气会计予以完善     

石油、天然气资源的生物技术利用

本文重点论述了现代生物技术应用于石油化工领域的发展现状及发展趋势，指出利用生物技术深度开发石油、天然气资源将极大地推动石油化工工业的发展，石油、天然气资源的生物技术利用是新世纪生物技术重点开发方向。     

基于物联网技术的油气管道安全监测可视化管理系统

针对长距离油气管道安全监测与管理范围大、距离远而不易实时监测、准确定位等问题,提出了基于传感器、通信、计算机等物联网技术设计的油气管道安全监测系统方案,有效利用现代技术对长距离油气传输管线进行监测管理。简述了系统架构、主要组成和基本原理。系统中的安全监测传感器模块由压力传感器与短程通信模块综合集成;辅助与应急监测包括车载查验系统和微型无人机查验系统,形成管道故障立体监测体系;系统管道泄漏远距离定位采用光纤应变分布法既提高了定位精度又兼顾了通信。该方案部分已在多个工程领域成功应用,满足现场监测管理要求,系统应用前景广阔。     

成果法与完全成本法孰是孰非——兼评我国《企业会计准则第27号——石油天然气开采》

勘探支出的会计处理是油气会计核心问题,两种基本方法———成果法与完全成本法孰是孰非在美国争论了很长时间至今未果。本文对美国油气会计发展、成果法和完全成本法的对抗与对峙、相关理论和实证研究成果进行梳理,在此基础上对我国新颁布的油气准则进行分析与评价,提出改进建议。     

我国石油企业的国际竞争力及对外直接投资策略

我国石油企业开展对外直接投资活动是拓展生存空间,提高国际竞争力的必然选择,也是解决国内油气资源供求矛盾的迫切需要。本文利用因子分析方法,采用相关指标构造了石油企业综合竞争力指数,实证研究表明和国外大石油公司相比我国石油企业的竞争力还存在一定差距,但在油气勘探、开采等上游环节具有规模和技术优势。石油企业应将对外直接投资的重点集中在油气勘探、开采等上游环节,通过与东道国石油公司或跨国石油公司合作开展对外直接投资。     

进口原油非法添加化学品鉴别技术探讨

进口原油中非法添加化学品的鉴别在国内尚属研究空白。为了识别进口原油中可能存在的非法添加废有机化工品等欺诈风险,本文以人为添加碳酸二甲酯为例,从制样、定性识别及定量检测等方面探讨了进口原油非法添加化学品鉴别技术。鉴别原油中是否非法添加了化学品,最好多种实验方法结合使用。建议将添加前和添加后的两个样品进行比对,也可以根据经验或者原油检测数据库识别异常项目,通过红外光谱找出可以进行区分的特征峰,结合气相色谱或气相色谱-质谱进行佐证,最终对添加物进行定性甚至定量检测。     

中亚国家能源政策及对策分析

中亚国家利用其优越的地缘优势和油气资源优势,实施了一系列资源立国政策,极大地推动了该地区国家经济的恢复和发展,引起了世界各国高度关注,同时,也为中国与中亚地区国家的油气资源合作带来了机遇和挑战。对中亚国家能源政策和未来能源发展趋势的分析表明,我国在中亚地区能源（油气资源）战略中应采取相应的应对策略。     

Registering Ideology in the Creation of Social Entrepreneurs: Intermediary Organizations, ‘Ideal Subject’ and the Promise of Enjoyment

Few industries have been pressured to develop corporate social responsibility (CSR) standards and policies like oil and gas. This has translated into the creation of non-governmental organizations and branches of the oil and gas firms focused on CSR. However, given the intrinsic complex characteristics of this industry, its global reach, and the fact that its operations affect and involve a wide variety of stakeholders, CSR issues cannot be defined and implemented exclusively at the industry or firm levels, but require the participation of other actors affected directly or indirectly by oil and gas activities. In this paper we argue, first, that oil and gas CSR issues are collectively constructed through meta-organizations (organizations composed by other organizations), and, second, that the complexity and variety of CSR issues require companies to build industry-specific and non-industry-specific collective actions. Based on how oil and gas firms participate in this multi-level co-construction of CSR issues, we created a typology of meta-organizations as infra-sectoral, sectoral, cross-sectoral, and supra-sectoral meta-organizations.     

Realized volatility and correlation in energy futures markets

Using high‐frequency returns, realized volatility and correlation of the NYMEX light, sweet crude oil, and Henry‐Hub natural gas futures contracts are examined. The unconditional distributions of daily returns and daily realized variances are non‐Gaussian, whereas the distributions of the standardized returns (normalized by the realized standard deviation) and the (logarithms of) realized standard deviations appear approximately Gaussian. The (logarithms of) standard deviations exhibit long‐memory, but the realized correlation between the two futures does not, implying rather weak inter‐market linkage in the long run. There is evidence of asymmetric volatility for natural gas but not for crude oil futures. Finally, realized crude oil futures volatility responds with an increase in the weeks immediately before the OPEC events recommending price increases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:993–1011, 2008     

芝麻调和油中芝麻油含量测定方法研究现状

针对芝麻调和油中纯芝麻油含量检测问题,介绍气相色谱法、FTIR-ATR法、GC-MS法、浓硫酸显色法、波多因法等检测芝麻油含量的方法,并分析我国芝麻油生产现状。     

Corporate Social Responsibility and Societal Governance: Lessons from Transparency in the Oil and Gas Sector

This article evaluates the potential of the current Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) agenda for addressing issues related to societal governance. The investigation focuses on the experience of the oil and gas sector, which has been among the leading industry sectors in championing CSR. In particular, the article analyses the issue of revenue transparency, which has been the principal governance challenge addressed by multinational oil and gas companies. The article suggests that (1) tackling governance challenges is crucial to addressing the impact of corporate activities; (2) current CSR and policy initiatives are entirely insufficient in addressing governance challenges and (3) corporate activities may be contributing to governance failures.     

The Asymmetric Impact of War: Resilience,Vulnerability and Implications for EU Policy

Intereconomics - In 2019, over 96% of EU27 oil needs, nearly 90% of natural gas and over 43% of solid fuels were met by net imports, with the largest share coming from Russia (35% of oil, 40% of...     

俄罗斯能源战略的亚太取向——俄罗斯石油天然气战略的地缘取向

根据俄罗斯推出的国际能源发展战略,俄仍将以能源为杠杆加强其在世界的地位,利用能源因素发展国际合作关系,对能源、经济等问题施加影响。今后俄燃料和能源部门的主要出口战略将倾向于进入亚太地区市场,即开发东西伯利亚和远东地区新油气,拓宽出口渠道,保证石油天然气产品的出口安全。     

微机多井式油气计量装置现场应用情况分析

本文介绍了微机多井式油气计量的原理,通过对现场应用的分析,掺水量单独计量情况,日产液量的标定情况,含水率的准确度情况的分析,确定了微机量油所测量出的日产液量的准确性.