Macroeconomic policy uncertainty shocks on the Chinese economy: a GVAR analysis

This article studies the spillovers of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) from developed economies to China in terms of the source, extent and persistence by estimating a global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model with both financial and trade variables acting as the transmission channels. Our findings confirm the existence of international transmissions of policy uncertainty, while the patterns differ markedly. The US EPU appears to be the most significant cause of the fall of export, industrial production, equity price and exchange rate, meanwhile, the EU EPU is also to be blamed for the depreciation of RMB. In contrast to industrial production, which shows the largest negative impact, Chinese inflation increases to a relatively smaller extent with the EPU shocks ranking as the US, Japanese and the EU. Regardless of the minor impact on a long-term interest rate, the short-term interest rate in China reacts positively to the European and US EPU shocks. Despite the independent national monetary policies, EPUs from the EU, Japan and the UK can decrease the Chinese monetary aggregate. In summary, the Chinese economy responds the most to the US EPU, especially to its inflation expectation disagreement component, whereas it responds the least to the UK EPU.     

Dynamic connectedness network in economic policy uncertainties

This study investigates the dynamic connectedness across nine economic policy uncertainty indexes. Our results indicate that the total spillover index is on average 67.4%, indicating a high level of interconnectedness across the nine indexes. In particular, the EU is the largest transmitter of uncertainty connectedness. In addition, China becomes a net transmitter of connectedness during the global financial crisis and European debt crisis. This finding indicates that the uncertainty of Chinese economic policy is an important contributor to the connectedness of the uncertainty network.     

Identifying the global transmission of the 2007–2009 financial crisis in a GVAR model

The paper analyses and compares the role that the tightening in liquidity conditions and the collapse in risk appetite played for the global transmission of the financial crisis. Dealing with identification and the large dimensionality of the empirical exercise with a Global VAR approach, the findings highlight the diversity of the transmission process. While liquidity shocks have had a more severe impact on advanced economies, it was mainly the decline in risk appetite that affected emerging market economies. The tightening of financial conditions was a key transmission channel for advanced economies, whereas for emerging markets it was mainly the real side of the economy that suffered. Moreover, there are some striking differences also within types of economies, with Europe being more adversely affected by the fall in risk appetite than other advanced economies.     

Monetary policy co-movement and spillover of shocks among BRICS economies

The 2008 global financial crisis has revealed the possibility of cross-border spillover effects of domestic Monetary Policy (MP) on financial stability and capital flows around the world. Recognizing these facts, Central Banks in Advanced Economies (AE) have undertaken simultaneous Monetary Policy actions to minimize collateral damage and contain financial risks. In this paper, we investigate whether a similar spillover and co-movement of Monetary Policy exist among BRICS countries. Specifically, we study the transmission of monetary policy shocks among the member countries using monthly data. We use the method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Vector Autoregression Model to identify possible dynamic relationships. Our results indicate possible co-movement in interest rates and significant cross-border transmission of monetary policy shocks among the BRICS countries.     

进口贸易技术溢出效应和经济增长效应再检验——基于中国省际面板数据和一阶差分广义矩方法的研究

本文采用动态面板数据一阶差分广义距方法结合1985至2005年我国28个省区市的面板数据检验了进口贸易对我国的技术溢出效应和经济增长效应。结果发现：进口贸易不但提高了我国的全要素生产率（TFP）水平,还促进了我国经济增长;在吸收能力变量中,只有作为综合技术水平的TFP促进了进口贸易的技术溢出;此外还发现,人力资本构成中只有高等教育人力资本与TFP及收入水平显著正相关。     

R＆D投入对中国经济增长的溢出效应分析

研究和试验发展（R＆D）活动是科技活动中最具有创造性和创新性的核心,是推动经济和社会发展的主要动力。利用1991—2011年的时间数据,分析了R＆D投入对中国经济增长的溢出效应分析,结果表明,中国R＆D投入对中国经济增长有正向的促进作用。因此,中国在大幅度增加R＆D经费投入的同时,应该同时优化R＆D投入结构,实现R＆D资源的优化配置。     

我国省级公共资本经济效应分析——基于面板VAR模型的实证分析

在现有文献研究的基础上,利用1999—2010年我国29个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,基于内生增长理论构建计量经济模型,检验了公共资本存量、私人资本存量与经济增长之间的面板Granger因果关系。构建面板VAR模型度量公共资本存量对经济的冲击。结果表明:公共资本存量的冲击对人均私人资本存量和人均GDP都产生正向影响,但长期看该影响不具有持续效应。     

Devaluation and pass-through in indebted and risky economies

This paper develops a structural general equilibrium model to analyse the pass-through from devaluation to producer and consumer prices in Emerging Market Economies (EMEs). Simulation analysis shows that balance-sheet effects created by capital market imperfections and the home bias shrink the impact of devaluation on both types of internal prices. This finding helps explain why pass-through to internal prices is low in EMEs. It also shows that, for benchmark values of the parameters, devaluation remains a good device to modify the real exchange rate and to mitigate the negative impact of external shocks in EMEs.     

1980-2006年东亚经济波动的原因——基于面板VAR的分析

东亚经济波动及其协同性的存在已得到学术界的认同,文章通过构建面板向量自回归模型,检验了6种冲击对东亚经济波动的影响,并考察了宏观经济各变量在面时冲击时的动态反应,以及汇率和通货膨胀对经济波动的传导作用.研究表明,国内的供给冲击、汇率冲击,国外的利率冲击、需求冲击都会对东亚经济波动产生较大影响,汇率是外部冲击的重要传导渠道,而通胀是内部冲击的重要传导渠道.随着东亚经济一体化进程的推进和金融市场不断开放,东亚各经济体对外部需求变动和世界利率变动所产生的冲击应予以重视.     

Is education important in assessing the impact of institutions on economic growth in emerging economies?

ABSTRACT

In this article, we empirically revise the hypothesis that institutions cause economic growth for emerging countries starting from a theoretical model. Our sample consists of 21 countries covering different zones: European Emerging, Asia Pacific Emerging, Latin America, Middle-East and Africa while the status advanced versus secondary emerging countries based on FTSE (Financial Times Stock Exchange) classification is accounted for. The period analysed is 1995–2014. The methodology is based on System GMM estimator of Arellano-Bover and Blundell-Bond for dynamic panel data. Empirical findings suggest that only variables such as voice and accountability and government effectiveness have a significant positive impact on economic growth rates of the analysed countries. In the presence of control variables, i.e. trade and government final consumption, results are robust. Results remain robust for countries that have a high level of government expenditure on tertiary education which proves the role of education in assessing the impact of institutions on economic growth.     

金融结构差异与货币政策传导的区域效应

作为货币政策体系中最为关键和核心的环节——货币政策的传导对货币政策效应的发挥具有重要作用。文章在分析我国区域金融结构差异的基础上,利用面板向量自回归模型(PVAR)对保费收入、股本融资以及银行信贷规模等变量进行脉冲响应分析和方差分解,检验了区域金融结构差异对货币政策信贷传导的重要影响。数据分析和模型检验发现保费收入、股本融资等区域金融结构间的变量差异在统一货币政策传导中存在着非对称性,我国货币政策传导存在着较为显著的区域效应。改善货币政策调控的经济效应,提高货币政策传达的效率,需要政府在制度和政策方面完善区域间巨大的金融结构差异。