Ownership structure and firm performance: Evidence from the Chinese corporate reform

We employ a new classification of ownership identity to analyze the impact of ownership structure on enterprise performance in China. Using both fixed effects model and Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM), this study finds that marketized state-owned enterprises outperform firms controlled by the government, indicating that partial privatization of state-owned Chinese firms improves corporate governance. Non-controlling large shareholders of marketized state-owned enterprises and private enterprises are found to play active roles in corporate governance. Lastly, there is evidence that ownership concentration of a controlling shareholder decreases the incentives to expropriate minority shareholders.     

股权集中、行业竞争与薪酬业绩牵扯:由我国上市公司生发

对上市公司股权集中度、行业竞争度对薪酬业绩敏感性影响的研究发现:股权集中度与薪酬业绩敏感性呈现倒U形关系。当股权集中度达到较高水平,即第一大股东绝对控股后,与国有企业相比,民营企业的大股东监督对薪酬业绩敏感性的替代作用更强。在外部治理方面,行业竞争度与薪酬业绩敏感性显著正相关,表明高竞争强度可以在一定程度上强化薪酬契约的激励作用。     

A comparison of shareholder identity and governance mechanisms in the monitoring of CEOs of listed companies in China

This paper compares the relative effectiveness of two measures by which the Chinese government attempted to improve the monitoring of listed companies: shifting the ownership of state shares from government agencies (GAs) to the corporate form of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and strengthening corporate governance through statutory regulations and guidelines. The results show that SOEs are better able than GAs to monitor top executives, as indicated by a higher sensitivity of top executive turnover to firm performance. However, corporate governance mechanisms have no significant impact on the sensitivity of top executive turnover to firm performance. This study suggests that incentives for controlling shareholders are more important than governance mechanisms in replacing executives due to poor performance in a transitional economy such as China's, where institutions that support governance mechanisms are still being developed.     

The determinants of small and medium-sized firm internationalization and its relationship with productive efficiency

The Determinants of Small and Medium-Sized Firm Internationalization and Its Relationship with Productive Efficiency. — The creation of sale structures abroad (CSSA) is an intermediate stage in the process of internationalization when firms are small and foreign direct investment entail high sunk costs. This paper finds that ownership concentration (technological innovation, size, and age) negatively (positively) affects the CSSA decision and that, after controlling for the effect of access to foreign markets under the form of exports, CSSA firms are significantly more efficient than the control sample when efficiency is measured with a stochastic frontier approach. Ownership concentration seems to have two offsetting effects on efficiency: it increases participation to profits and therefore incentives to perform well, while it leads controlling shareholders to underinvest in risky ventures (such as internationalization).     

股权集中度与盈余管理的实证研究——基于中国房地产业上市公司的数据

盈余管理与公司治理结构存在着密切联系,一般认为股权越集中的上市公司盈余管理程度越高。鉴于此,选取2008-2015年中国房地产业上市公司样本数据,利用门槛回归模型检验了股权集中度对盈余管理的影响,研究发现两者之间存在双重门槛效应：仅当第一大股东持股比例处于13.77%～17.73%时,股权集中度的上升对盈余管理存在促进作用。同时,研究发现相比高持股比例激励大股东监管管理层从而减少盈余管理的发生,分散的股权结构对盈余管理的抑制效应更好。     

国家产业政策、产权性质与公司业绩

通过采用双重差分估计法,文章实证检验了国家产业政策对微观企业经营业绩的影响及其传导机制。研究发现,长期性产业政策鼓励发展的企业拥有更好的投资机会和更强的融资能力,其经营业绩也得到明显增长;进一步产权性质分组的结果表明,长期性产业政策的正激励效应在民营企业表现的更为显著。与长期产业政策不同,短期产业调控政策对支持发展企业的经营业绩具有显著负效应,并且这种负面影响主要体现在国有企业。     

股权集中度的适宜性与股权分置改革的对价

本文在考察股权集中度与公司绩效之间区间效应的基础上,检验了股改前股权集中度的适宜程度在股改对价确定中的作用。研究结果发现,股权集中度越是有利于公司绩效的提升,流通股股东获送的对价水平就越低。进一步分析后发现,第一大股东持股的趋同效应越强或壕沟效应越弱,流通股股东获送的对价水平就越低。这表明适宜的股权集中度能产生“公司治理溢价”,同时也说明流通股股东至少能在一定程度上识别大股东支持和掏空公司的潜在可能。     

我国民营上市公司控制权特征的统计分析

本文从终极控制人视角,对我国民营上市公司控制权获取途径、实施控制方式以及现金流权和控制权分离程度进行了统计分析,结果表明我国民营上市公司三分之二以上的终极控制人选择通过买壳上市等途径来获得上市公司的控制权。在控制方式上,我国民营上市公司终极控制人普遍采用金字塔持股方式、指定管理者等方式来加强对上市公司的控制。这些控制方式的运用,使得我国民营上市公司的现金流权与控制权发生了较大程度的分离。     

国有企业混合所有制改革、金融化程度与全要素生产率

为推动混合所有制改革实现国有企业高质量发展,解决低效率和金融化的问题,文章选择国有制造业上市企业2008-2017年间的样本数据,考察了国有企业混合所有制改革与金融化程度对全要素生产率的交互影响机制。研究发现,引入非国有资本提高了国有企业全要素生产率,却加剧了企业金融化对全要素生产率的挤出效应,在规模较小、盈利能力较弱或市场化水平较低的国有企业中挤出效应更明显。在国有企业混合所有制改革过程中,非国有股东会基于套利目的,带动金融化程度的提升。基于上述研究结果,文章建议进一步完善混合所有制改革制度,改变企业资源配置方式,矫正资源误配格局,在帕累托改进的路径中推进改革,保证国有企业高质量发展。     

企业产权结构和隶属层级对生产率的影响

本文基于企业调研数据,利用数据包络分析法测算出企业的技术效率、生产率变化及其构成,并运用计量模型实证研究了企业产权结构和隶属层级对技术效率和生产率变化的影响。研究表明,国有企业的技术效率最低,但生产率增长较快,且生产率增长主要来源于效率改善;中央主管企业作为一类特殊的国有垄断企业,不仅技术效率低,而且生产率无显著增长。     

股权结构对上市公司并购绩效影响的实证研究

本文结合我国上市公司股权结构特征,分析了股权结构对并购绩效的作用机理,并对其进行实证研究。研究表明:国有股东属性与公司并购绩效正相关;第一大股东持股比例越高,并购绩效越差;其他大股东的制衡能力越强,公司并购绩效越好。     

股权结构、自由现金流量与权益再融资的股价效应

文章从一个全新的角度——股权结构对公司SEO股价效应的影响——出发,对自由现金流量理论进行了检验。结果显示：与股权高度集中和股权高度分散的上市公司相比,有较大的相对控股股东,同时还拥有其他大股东的这种股权结构的上市公司的代理成本更低,公司在发布SEO公告时引起的股价负效应也最小。     

我国新能源企业高管团队组成特征与企业绩效的关系:董事会与股权结构的调节作用

新能源产业是"十二五"能源规划的重中之重,将面临巨大的机遇和挑战。我国新能源产业起步较晚,产业内政策体系不完善,具有资本密集性和技术密集性的特点,并且竞争非常激烈。在这样一个快速变动的环境中,董事会、股权结构对高管团队及企业绩效的影响关系到企业长期稳定发展。本文以在我国沪深两市上市的新能源企业为研究对象,探讨高管团队组成特征(包括规模、年龄及教育程度)与企业绩效(包括财务绩效与市场绩效)的关系,并以董事会权力、股权结构为调节变量进行实证分析。研究结果表明,随着市场竞争度的不断增强,规模较大的高管团队的优势凸显,同时,平均年龄较小的高管团队对企业绩效有明显的促进作用,此外,代表董事会权力的董事会持股比例较高可以强化高管团队组成特征与企业绩效的关系。     

建立法人股东为主导的股权治理模式

股权结构是公司治理结构的基础,其设置状况是否合理对公司治理结构的效率有着决定性的影响.文章针对当前上市公司股权治理的弊端,设计出一种股权持有者多元化、股权集中程度分散化的股权结构,并提出我国上市公司应建立以法人股东为主导的治理模式.     

地方政府隐性债务影响金融稳定的空间效应与门槛效应研究

现有关于地方政府债务的经济后果研究主要集中于地方政府债务对经济增长的影响研究.选取金融稳定这一视角,检验地方政府隐性债务对金融稳定的影响,同时考虑空间效应与门槛效应.以2009-2018年30个省份的面板数据为基础,研究发现:金融稳定与地方政府隐性债务均存在显著的正向空间集聚效应,即金融稳定性较好的省份周围的省份金融稳定性也较好,地方政府隐性债务较多的省份也会对周围地区产生溢出效应,考虑到空间效应后地方政府隐性债务与金融稳定之间的非线性关系依然成立,且地方政府隐性债务对金融稳定的影响为倒U型,即地方政府隐性债务对于金融稳定存在"先扬后抑"的作用,单门槛模型的回归结果进一步证明了这一结论.进一步分析表明提升政府支出效率以及减少政府干预度可以有效缓解政府隐性债务对金融稳定的负向影响.     

Differences in corporate saving rates in China: Ownership,monopoly, and financial development

Using the data of the listed non-financial companies from 2003 to 2012, this paper conducts a firm-level empirical analysis to reveal the determinants that lead to differences in saving rates of different enterprises in China. Particularly, we explore the discrepancies in the Chinese enterprises' saving rates from the new perspectives of ownership type, monopoly status, and financial development. We find that only some financial indicators of a firm, including the size and the long-term solvency ability, have direct impact on its saving rate. Besides, the difference in the saving rates between private firms and state-owned firms is insignificant while monopolies have higher saving rates than non-monopolies. Most importantly, financial development generally reduces a firm's saving rate and the impact is independent on its ownership type and monopoly status. Moreover, financial development decreases the influence of a firm's short-term solvency and profitability on its saving rate.     

政府补贴对企业绩效的门槛效应实证研究

通过运用沪市制造业上市公司2012年-2015年的面板数据,实证分析了政府补贴与企业绩效的非线性关系,结果表明：政府补贴对企业绩效的影响存在门槛效应,存在最佳的政府补贴区间[10.77%,14.69%],政府补贴强度与企业绩效呈现最强的正相关关系;政府补贴对不同所有制企业的绩效的影响存在差异,政府补贴对国有企业绩效有显著的促进作用,政府补贴对非国有企业则存在着门槛效应。最后,提出了相应的政策建议。     

股权的家族化、家族高管与家族企业业绩

文章利用2004-2015年中国A股家族控股上市公司的相关年度数据,从家族企业股权家族化视角出发,实证检验了股权家族化对家族企业业绩以及对企业是否聘任家族成员担任公司高管的经验影响关系。结果发现：（1）同等条件下,控股家族股权分配的家族化水平越高,其经营业绩表现越差;（2）家族成员担任CEO或董事长等关键高管会加剧股权家族化对家族企业业绩的负向影响关系;（3）同等条件下,公司股权的家族化更可能促使家族企业聘请家族成员担任CEO或董事长。此外,文章进一步分析发现,非核心家族成员参股企业会降低股权家族化与聘请家族成员担任公司CEO之间的正向影响关系。     

Internationalization speed and subsidiary survival of EMNCs: The moderating roles of CEO international experience and state ownership

In the process of internationalization, effective management of dispersed location-specific knowledge is the key to successful internationalization strategies for companies. Rapid internationalization often prevents multinational corporations (MNCs) from absorbing and internalizing internationalized knowledge in a timely manner and achieving ideal performance. Compared with MNCs in developed countries, emerging market multinationals (EMNCs) are more inclined to implement a rapid internationalization strategy to enhance their own competitive advantage. However, their internationalization process is limited by their lack of managerial resources. Why and how would internationalization speed impact the survival of EMNCs Subsidiary? Using the survival analysis method and taking the Chinese A-share listed companies as empirical setting, our results show that the internationalization speed negatively affects the survival of EMNCs Subsidiary; Both CEO international experience and state ownership weaken the negative impact of internationalization speed on the survival of EMNCs Subsidiary. We argue that rapid internationalization underestimates the Penrose effect in the process of internationalization, that is, underestimates the managerial resources required to learn and accumulate absorptive capacity, and effectively manage dispersed knowledge. Based on the dual context of dispersed knowledge management and managerial constraints, this paper expands the understanding of the impact mechanism of internationalization speed on corporate performance, and also has certain guiding significance for the selection of internationalization speed of EMNCs.     

Ownership, performance and executive turnover in China

To better understand the relationship between different types of firm ownership and management turnover, this study classifies ownership along two dimensions: the type of owner and the concentration of ownership. Within this framework, a unique data set is used to study the impact of management turnover on a company's performance. This study, in addition to confirming some of the results from previous studies, includes interesting and important new results. Most importantly, it finds evidence that the sensitivity of CEO turnover to performance is weaker in state-controlled firms than in non-state firms, and varies according to different subtypes of private ownership. We also demonstrate that the turnover–performance relationship is curvilinear in ownership concentration, but that this relationship moves in opposite directions under state and private ownership. Important policy implications of these findings are discussed.