试析网络环境下高校大学生如何利用图书馆电子资源

网络环境更多的是指网络资源与网络工具的组合。网络环境一般要由固定的设施、资源和平台等共同构成,用来为师生提供服务。电子资源是指所有以电子数据形式把文字、图像、声音、动画等各种形式的信息贮存在光盘、磁盘、磁带等非纸质的载体中,再通过计算机、网络通信或终端等方式再现出来的资源。而高校图书馆的电子资源更是不容忽视的重要一个环节,它是高等学校教学、科研不可缺少的一部分。     

Integrating ecosystem services into conservation assessments: A review

A call has been made for conservation planners to include ecosystem services into their assessments of conservation priority areas. The need to develop an integrated approach to meeting different conservation objectives and a shift in focus towards human wellbeing are some of the motivations behind this call. There is currently no widely accepted approach to planning for ecosystem services. This study contributes towards the development of this approach through a review of conservation assessments and the extent to which they include ecosystem services. Of the 476 conservation assessments identified by a set of search terms on the Web of Science, 100 were randomly selected for this review. Of these only seven had included ecosystem services, while another 13 had referred to ecosystem services as a rationale for conservation without including them in the assessment. The majority of assessments were based on biodiversity pattern data while 19 used data on ecological processes. A total of 11 of these 19 assessments used processes, which could be linked to services. Ecosystem services have witnessed an increase in attention received in conservation assessments since the year 2000, however trends were not apparent beyond this date. In order to assess which types of ecosystem services and how they have been accounted for in conservation assessments, we extended our review to include an additional nine conservation assessments which included ecosystem services. The majority included cultural ecosystem services, followed by regulatory, provisioning and supporting services respectively. We conclude with an analysis of the constraints and opportunities for the integration of ecosystem services into conservation assessments and highlight the urgent need for an appropriate framework for planning for ecosystem services.     

Computationally restricted unmediated talk under incomplete information

Summary. We show the role of unmediated talk with computational complexity bounds as both an information transmission and a coordination device for the class of two-player games with incomplete information and rational parameters. We prove that any communication equilibrium payoff of such games can be reached as a Bayesian-Nash equilibrium payoff of the game extended by a two phase universal mechanism of interim computationally restricted pre-play communication. The communication protocols are designed with the help of modern cryptographic tools. A familiar context in which our results could be applied is bilateral trading with incomplete information.Received: 9 September 2002, Revised: 14 March 2003, JEL Classification Numbers: C72. Correspondence to: Amparo UrbanoWe wish to thank financial aid from the Valencian Institute of Economic Research (IVIE) and partial support by DIGCYT under project PB95 - 1074. A previous version of this work appears as IVIE Working Paper WP-AD 99-07, under the title: "Unmediated talk under incomplete information".     

Markets as communication systems

As the information relative to endowments, costs and preferences is dispersed among many agents, the quality of resource allocation depends on the ability of markets to communicate information inside the economic system. Because information is transferred through negotiation and transaction behaviors, the network of trading relations defines the channels through which it flows. In the present study, we use new computational tools to analyze the performance of two wholesale trade institutions widely used around the world: network trading and marketplace trading. Whilst network trading and marketplace trading disseminate far fewer bits of information than a perfectly transparent benchmark market, they often manage to generate an allocation of resources that is almost as good. In many cases, network trading proves more effective than marketplace trading (contrary to a common preconception). This surprising performance of network trading is linked to a form of indirect arbitrage induced by connections between networks. Implications for market design and public policy making are presented, along with prospects for further research.     

科技企业孵化器税收优惠政策对在孵企业技术创新的影响

科技企业孵化器是提高企业存活率、促进科技企业快速成长的重要载体。孵化器税收优惠是支持在孵企业技术创新的重要政策工具。基于2015—2018年国家级科技企业孵化器税收政策落实情况和相关统计数据,运用面板数据模型,分析税收优惠措施对在孵企业技术创新的影响以及孵化器服务的中介作用。通过税收固定效应模型及联立方程组,考察税收优惠这一自变量的内生性问题。研究结果表明,孵化器税收优惠政策对在孵企业研发投入及创新行为具有一定正向影响,且这种影响通过孵化器这一中介机制发挥作用。     

Regions of the Production Function,Returns, and Economies of Scale: A Reply

The author discusses a pedagogical strategy based on data visualization and analysis in the teaching of intermediate macroeconomics and financial economics. In these short projects, students collect and manipulate economic data from the online Federal Reserve Economic Database (FRED) in order to illustrate theoretical relationships discussed in class. All the data collection and manipulation tasks are conducted through the FRED Web site. The author argues that as students locate and effectively use the quantitative information that they need to evaluate abstract concepts, they are in effect developing the connection between theories and empirical evidence that underpins the discipline of economics.     

消费者满意度实证研究——以网络自助服务类型为研究枢轴

研究以五种网络自助服务类型为调查样本,分别比较它们在消费者满意度上的差异性,并以风险承担态度与信任态度做为干扰变数.结果发现:消费者满意度的影响因子分别为系统品质、信息品质、服务品质,转换成本对于交易性质的WBSS较敏感,对于转换成本较低的WBSS有较高的消费者满意度,但对于服务性质的WBSS则较不敏感;不同的网络自助服务在消费者满意度构面上有显著的差异;而风险承担与信任态度皆对消费者满意度有干扰效果,消费者在不同的WBSS中,其风险承担态度对满意度有部分显著影响,只有系统品质构面显著,其信任态度对满意度有部分影响,只有信息品质构面显著.通过对消费者使用满意度的实证研究,以期为网络自助服务的和谐发展提供有益的路径指引.     

基于核心竞争力的物流企业创新研究

创新是形成物流企业核心竞争力的重要手段。面对激烈的市场竞争,物流企业只有通过持续不断的创新,培育出企业的核心竞争力,才能生存和发展。针对物流企业目前存在的管理理念落后、物流服务项目少、信息技术水平不高、组织机构不适应等问题,本文探讨了物流企业如何通过理念和制度创新、服务创新、技术创新、组织创新等形成企业的核心竞争力。物流企业应树立合作共赢理念,与客户合作、与其他物流企业合作;创新服务内容,为客户设计、开发个性化服务项目,注重服务质量,增加知识性服务;重视信息技术在物流领域的应用创新,重视物流装备技术创新;建立鼓励并奖励创新的组织形式和制度体系等。物流企业要获得创新成功必须将创新纳入物流企业的文化中,并选择最适合自己的创新方式。     

The value of non-personally identifiable information to consumers of online services: evidence from a discrete choice experiment

We estimate the value of non-personally identifying information to consumers of online services through a discrete choice experiment based on hypothetical streaming video services. Non-personally identifying information for online services is typically information on the ways in and times at which customers use the service, and is distinct from personally identifying information such as email addresses or telephone numbers. For most of our survey respondents, we find no evidence that they were willing to pay to avoid sharing their non-personally identifying information with third parties. A smaller group of respondents never selected a service that shared information with third parties.     

面向企业创新创业的政策工具效果研究

企业是“大众创业,万众创新”政策落实的重要载体。在对国家及地方一系列“双创”政策文件进行梳理的基础上,筛选与企业创新创业密切联系的8个主要政策工具,通过278家企业有效调查问卷及回归模型研究发现：“三权”改革、发展科技服务业、科技资源开放共享和高新技术企业扶持等政策工具效果显著,拓宽融资渠道、发展各类“双创”孵化平台和提高科研人员成果转化收益比例等政策工具效果不明显,而研发费用加计扣除政策与企业创新创业呈现负相关关系。分析了引致不同“双创”政策工具效果差异的原因,并提出了相应的建议。     

产品相似是技术并购的“福音”吗——基于资源编排视角

技术并购是企业从外部获取技术、提升创新水平的重要手段。然而，如何有效推动中国企业开展技术并购，这是迫切需要学者探究与回答的问题。为此，基于资源编排理论，按照技术并购中资源结构化—资源重组—资源撬动的动态演进过程，探究产品相似对各个资源编排阶段的影响。使用文本分析法，利用Python软件对上市公司年度报告进行数据抓取，测算并购双方的产品相似性数值，并利用条件Logit模型、负二项回归法进行实证检验。结果发现，在资源结构化阶段，产品相似有利于推动技术并购交易的达成；在资源重组阶段，产品相似有助于促进知识吸收，并加强对目标方资源的整合力度；在资源撬动阶段，产品相似有助于企业撬动融资环境和竞争环境以获利，并最终提升企业创新水平。总体而言，主并方在开展技术并购时，可以把产品相似作为挑选目标方的依据，从而降低技术并购失败的可能性。从政策看，政府应该加强对上市公司产品信息披露质量的监管及审查，构建有利于企业创新的竞争环境，鼓励企业积极参与技术并购，真正发挥技术并购对于促进企业创新的资源配置作用。     

An assessment of market-based approaches to providing ecosystem services on agricultural lands

Market-based approaches are increasingly being advocated as tools for achieving the conservation of ecosystem services. We examine the reasons why markets so far appear to have failed to provide an efficient allocation of many ecosystem services, and identify the conditions under which markets deliver efficient resource allocation. We discuss different forms of market-based approaches to ecosystem services and identify the characteristics of services that make them better suited to one or another of these approaches. We find that lack of low-cost measurability and valuation currently precludes efficient allocation of many ecosystem services through market-based approaches. Still, some forms of market-based approaches hold promise for cost-effectively managing some ecosystem services provided by and to agricultural lands. In many cases some form of well-designed government involvement will be required to seek outcomes that protect the public interest.     

Trade in International Transport Services: The Role of Competition

The paper is concerned with trade in transport services (not cabotage but rather international shipping, transport, and related logistical services) and the importance of competition and market structure in the sector. It examines implications of liberalization for profits, trade, and national gains from trade. Though past GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services) maritime negotiations involved the maritime nations, this paper also flags interests of consuming nations (particularly poorer developing countries). Issues raised in the analytical section are illustrated through a computational example, to provide a rough sense of orders of magnitude and the importance of the issues raised for basic gains from improved market access.     

The adoption of Web 2.0 services: An empirical investigation

The paper investigates the factors associated with the intensity of use of three Web 2.0 services - video sharing, social networking and social bookmarking - by looking at the users' characteristics and at the technological features. It relies upon a theoretical framework that combines the diffusion of innovation model with the technology acceptance model. However, it goes beyond them by focusing not simply on the determinants of adoption, but on the determinants of the intensity of use, and by introducing variables related to the social influence. The empirical analysis is based upon a survey of 300 users of Web 2.0 services. We find that the compatibility with users' needs and behaviours plays an important role for the intensity of usage of both video sharing and social networking services, while the ease of use positively affects the intensity of usage of social networking services, but has a negative effect on the intensity of usage of video sharing services. Extrinsic job-related motivations are important drivers of the intensive usage of social bookmarking and social networking services, while sharing contents is relevant for video sharing and social networking services. Finally, individual characteristics such as age, education and IT endowment also play an important role.     

生产性服务对农业全球价值链分工地位的影响

生产性服务是增加值创造过程中重要的中间品投入,对农业嵌入全球价值链有重要影响。本文基于OECD AMNE投入产出数据,运用系统GMM模型考察生产性服务对农业全球价值链分工地位的影响。机制检验表明,生产性服务通过资源配置效应和规模经济效应来提高生产效率、降低贸易成本进而促进农业全球价值链分工地位的提升。从细分生产性服务来看,专业与科学技术服务、金融与保险服务投入均能显著提高农业全球价值链分工地位,运输和储存服务对农业全球价值链分工地位有一定正向影响,而信息和通讯服务对农业全球价值链前向参与度有负向影响,对后向参与度则有正向影响,因此需要加强农业产业链上游对农业信息技术的利用。本文研究结论为推动包括我国在内的发展中经济体的农业竞争力提升提供了值得借鉴的政策启示。     

Agent-based modelling as a foundation for big data

In this article, we propose a process-based definition of big data, as opposed to the size- and technology-based definitions. We argue that big data should be perceived as a continuous, unstructured and unprocessed dynamics of primitives, rather than as points (snapshots) or summaries (aggregates) of an underlying phenomenon. Given this, we show that big data can be generated through agent-based models but not by equation-based models. Though statistical and machine learning tools can be used to analyse big data, they do not constitute a big data-generation mechanism. Furthermore, agent-based models can aid in evaluating the quality (interpreted as information aggregation efficiency) of big data. Based on this, we argue that agent-based modelling can serve as a possible foundation for big data. We substantiate this interpretation through some pioneering studies from the 1980s on swarm intelligence and several prototypical agent-based models developed around the 2000s.     

社会资本与技术支持对学术虚拟社区知识共享的影响——基于科学网平台的知识共享要素分析

学术虚拟社区是广大学者和科研工作者进行知识交流与探讨的重要平台，也是学术碰撞和知识创新的新阵地。通过构建社会资本与技术支持对用户知识共享行为影响的理论模型，探讨社会资本（关系资本、结构资本、认知资本）和技术支持（感知有用性、感知易用性）对社区用户知识共享行为（知识共享质量和数量）的作用机理。结果表明，关系资本与结构资本分别对学术虚拟社区知识共享质量和数量具有显著正向影响，属于持续动力。伴随其它因素介入，认知资本对学术社区知识共享数量产生正向影响，技术支持对知识共享的影响具有显著差异，感知易用性对学术社区知识共享质量和数量均具有显著正向影响，而感知有用性对知识共享质量具有显著负向影响。基于此，提出社区管理者应采取措施拓展用户社会资本并加强平台技术支持，以实现学术虚拟社区可持续发展。     

Sociological Aspects of Union-Management Co-Operation

Congress has sought to address the issue of transitional economies through the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN), which is supposed to provide workers and their communities with advance notice of a shutdown. With advance notice, workers can then plan for the closure and avail themselves of the transitional type services available under other programs. By this theory, then, WARN might be viewed as a stepping stone in the direction of a more comprehensive employment policy. This, however, presupposes that the states administering other programs through their Dislocated Worker Units (DWU) are actually receiving accurate information closures and compliance with WARN in their jurisdiction. In this paper, I examine WARN both in theory and in practice. Data drawn from surveys conducted of DWUs suggests that the information we have about closure, its impact, and WARN is uneven, and therefore does not easily lend itself to a clear policy path.     

基于KMV模型的适用性研究与应用分析——以A股市场主要过剩产能行业为例

本文通过对2007年—2012年钢铁行业和水泥建材行业共45家上市公司的财务数据和股票历史信息的分析,基于KMV模型原理,通过使用Matlab、Excel等软件,实证分析了近几年来上述企业的违约距离,并探讨产能过剩和信用违约之间的关系。实证结果表明,KMV模型适用于钢铁行业和水泥建材行业的信用违约测度,结果符合经济运行形势;同时,上述行业产能过剩并不能直接解释以违约距离表征的公司信用违约风险。