建设项目价差预备费参考基准价格指数的选取及其适用性研究

价差预备费需要根据价格指数进行计算,近年来国家层面未对价格指数进行更新发布,使造价人员在实际工作中存在如何取定的困惑。如通过预测的方法来取定,则面临如何选择合适的参考基准价格指数的问题。文章在国内庞杂的价格指数中筛选出国内生产总值平减指数(GDP平减指数)、居民消费价格指数(CPI)、商品零售价格指数、固定资产投资价格指数、工业生产者出厂价格指数、工业生产者购进价格指数进行分析和研究,通过内涵分析和数理分析的方法研究发现固定资产投资价格指数、国内生产总值平减指数(GDP平减指数)更适合作为预测价差预备费的参考基准价格指数,以期为同行在价差预备费计算方面提供有益的借鉴。     

Surplus extraction by network providers: Implications for net neutrality and innovation

This paper looks at surplus extraction by network providers who control the medium of information transfer between application developers and consumers, and addresses the following questions: is net neutrality beneficial to society? and does providing network providers flexibility in pricing stunt innovation in the long run? To answer the first question, it looks at a market consisting of a monopoly network provider and two application providers with non-substitutable products, using a simple single period model. It shows that net neutrality is necessary to ensure maximal benefit to the society. To answer the second question, the paper shows that a monopoly network provider, if allowed complete flexibility in pricing, does not necessarily stunt innovation. Looking at a market that consists of one network provider and one application provider, and using a simple multi-period model, it shows that given maximum flexibility the network provider not only encourages innovation when the potential benefits are sufficiently high but also maximizes surplus. This paper takes the view that the topic of net neutrality is not only controversial but also complicated, and suggests that policy makers use a balanced approach based on sound analysis.     

Research and development policy in the USA: Implications for satellite communications

Research and development in fields as diverse as microelectronics and space vehicles have profoundly affected the technologies of information transmission, as well as the way in which government regulates the communications and information service industries. This article focuses on R&D policy in the USA, drawing from 1984 OTA reports. The article focuses briefly on industry and universities and at greater length on government actions and policies, indicating possible implications for communication satellites.