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1.
Masayuki Okawa 《The Japanese Economic Review》1997,48(2):156-165
We examine the nonequivalence of tariffs and quotas under international duopoly in a simple general equilibrium trading model; in particular, we study the welfare effects of a change in regime from a tariff to a quota. We first show that the results established by our predecessors in a partial-equilibrium segmented domestic market model do not straightforwardly carry over to a general equilibrium context. We next extend the segmented domestic market model to an integrated world market model and re-examine the equivalence of tariffs and quotas as well as the welfare aspects of the change in the regime. 相似文献
2.
The paper provides a novel (and old) argument for the nonequivalence of tariffs and quotas, based on the famous paper by Hotelling published in 1931. Unlike tariffs, quantitative restrictions are inherently dynamic. As long as the foreign exporter earns positive marginal profits, he raises their present value by frontloading sales. As a result, unlike a tariff, equilibrium with a quota exhibits quantity and price dispersion over time. The dispersion may be significant even with small discount rates. 相似文献
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4.
Neil Campbell 《Australian economic papers》2000,39(2):152-158
Using a simple version of the Milgrom and Roberts entry deterrence model, it is shown that adjusting a quota so that a greater volume of imports is allowed, can facilitate entry into the domestic industry. That is, the easing of a quota, can cause the domestic incumbent to shift from deterring entry to accommodating entry. 相似文献
5.
中国进出口贸易的均衡关系研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文利用中国进出口的季度数据和向量误差修正模型对进出口的长期均衡关系和短期动态关系进行了实证研究,探讨了长期贸易均衡约束对进出口短期动态调整的约束作用,从而对我国长期以来的贸易政策进行了数量上的论证。结果发现,中国进出口额虽然在短期出现过较大程度的偏离,但在长期内仍然维持着均衡关系;当进出口偏离二者的长期均衡关系时,进出口几乎以相同的速度对这种偏离作出调整。 相似文献
6.
进出口一直被认为是促进经济增长的重要因素。选取1984—2007年的山东省进出口贸易额及GDP作为研究对象,运用计量经济学分析方法中时间序列的平稳性检验及协整分析方法,对进口、出口及GDP三者的关系进行实证研究,结果表明,山东省进出口与经济增长之间存在长期的均衡关系,进一步证明了三者之间存在协整关系,并且发现进口对经济增长的影响较出口更为显著。 相似文献
7.
我国进口与出口间的关系检验 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
本文根据我国 1980 - 2 0 0 1年的有关数据 ,在建立VAR模型的基础上 ,检验了我国进口与出口之间的协整关系 ;在建立格兰杰因果关系检验模型的基础上检验了二者间的因果关系。检验结果表明 ,二者之间不仅存在着协整关系 ,而且在滞后期数为 1~ 2时进口是出口的Granger原因 ,反之 ,却不成立。基于检验结果 ,本文在最后部分提出了相关的政策建议。 相似文献
8.
中国进出口价格弹性研究 总被引:28,自引:1,他引:28
本文通过建立中国进出口弹性模型和行业计量经济模型,测算和研究了中国进出口弹性问题.主要研究结论是:第一,中国中长期出口价格弹性和进口价格弹性分别为-0.8579和-1.0774;第二,中国大部分行业的出口价格弹性小于1,特别是农业、石油及天然气开采业、纺织业、化学工业、仪器仪表及文化办公用机械制造业以及社会服务业价格弹性绝对值都在0.5左右.适当提高价格对增加这些部门的收入是有利的;第三,中国大部分行业进口需求价格弹性小于或接近于1;石油及天然气开采业的进口价格需求弹性为异常值,为 1.3148,说明:对于原油这样的战略性物资应该反市场操作,中东出现安全时价低时吃进以为战略储备,而出现危机时抛出以平抑国内原油市场价格的加速上扬. 相似文献
9.
人民币汇率制度与进出口的稳定性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
一个开放经济体选择钉住汇率制产生的经济利益主要表现为可以消除汇率波动引起的不确定性及交易成本节省的费用。但本文通过理论和实证分析认为 ,由于中美两国间微弱的经济联系和两国内部发展存在很大差异 ,中国无法获得这种利益。相反却由于我国大多数贸易伙伴 (或竞争 )国都采取了灵活的汇率制度 ,钉住汇率制导致我国对这些国家的汇率随美元被动波动 ,影响了进出口的稳定性 ,限制了支出转换政策的灵活使用 相似文献
10.
Christodoulos Stefanadis 《Review of International Economics》1998,6(4):604-615
The argument that import protection may lead to export promotion is examined from the marketing standpoint. The model shows that protection allows home firms to cover a larger portion of the domestic market than they otherwise would and to target market segments that are closer to the mainstream. At the same time, foreign competitors are forced to retreat to more idiosyncratic market segments of narrower appeal. Thus, protection gives home firms a product positioning advantage over their foreign rivals; this advantage translates into higher market share and profits—not only in the protected home market, but also in export markets. 相似文献
11.
进口技术外溢、出口相似度与我国出口商品结构优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
笔者研究发现,对发达国家总体而言,进口技术外溢通过进口渗透率来促进出口商品结构优化;而对于G7国家,从其进口产生的技术外溢本身就能促进我国出口商品结构优化,进口渗透率并不是必要的因素.国内研发投入的提高能促进我国出口商品结构的优化. 相似文献
12.
进口替代战略在贸易趋向自由化的今天已显得力不从心,而东南亚各国实施的出口替代战略的失败还令人心有余悸。发展中国家要实现工业化,就要在贸易保护与贸易自由之间另辟一条道路——保护性的出口促进战略。 相似文献
13.
本文通过对天津口岸进出口商品总值、人民币对主要外币的中间价、天津对外经济合作等相关数据的分析,研究人民币升值对天津进出口贸易的影响及对策.人民币升值对天津进出口贸易产生了较大影响,有利于解决对外贸易的不平衡问题,降低进口商品价格,促使国内企业努力提高产品竞争力.但也将加剧某些领域的竞争,增加外商在华投资成本,利用外资可能呈现逐渐下降局面.为此,应遵循主动性、可控性和渐进性原则,不急于调整出口退税政策,以应对升值压力为契机,调整天津的出口结构乃至产业结构. 相似文献
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15.
Unionized Bertrand Duopoly and Strategic Export Policy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Subhayu Bandyopadhyay Sudeshna C. Bandyopadhyay & Eun-Soo Park 《Review of International Economics》2000,8(1):164-174
The paper reports that an export subsidy is optimal for a unionized Bertrand duopoly. Following results published by Brander and Spencer ( Journal of International Economics , 1988, pp. 217–34), this establishes the robustness of export subsidization to the mode of competition (Cournot or Bertrand), and contrasts with nonunion results in the literature. If both firms are unionized and both governments pursue active trade policies, a subsidy remains optimal except for a narrow range of extreme substitutability between products. Nations with a lower opportunity cost of labor employ more aggressive policies in equilibrium. 相似文献
16.
Oishi Hidetsugu 《Economic Theory》2007,31(3):587-596
This study provides a new framework and a new equilibrium concept, which are able to describe the situation where people have
various images of the society and have various solution concepts for social outcomes, and where people accept the social outcomes.
In socially subjective equilibrium, people have a coherence of their own norms in two senses. One is the consistency of the norm itself. Imagined outcomes should
satisfy a certain (subjective) solution concept. The other is the consistency between the imagined outcomes and realized one.
These are the main features of our equilibrium concept.
This paper forms a part of my doctoral thesis, which is titled “On socially subjective equilibrium”. The first person I would
like to thank is my direct supervisor Professor Ken Urai (Osaka University). I obtained a basic idea of the main concept of
my doctoral thesis, that is, the solution concept scheme, from Professor Urai. I am grateful to Professor Hiroaki Nagatani
(Osaka University) and Professor Ken-Ichi Shimomura (Kobe University), who monitored my works and took efforts in providing
me with valuable comments on earlier versions of my thesis. I also obtained a fruitful advice from Professor Kenichi Amaya
(Kobe University). Lastly, I specially thank to Kozo Shiraishi (Osaka University). 相似文献
17.
XU Xiao-min 《中国经济评论(英文版)》2007,6(1):35-38
Based on the quality inspection data of the import and the export cargos, the general quality evaluation index and quality index are built according to the percent of defective. Macro quality of the import and the export cargoes are discussed in theory. 相似文献
18.
人民币有效汇率对中国进出口贸易影响的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人民币在升值过程中伴随着贸易顺差增速过快的问题。人民币的升值虽能对进出口起到一定的促进作用,但不能从根本上解决贸易顺差的问题。解决贸易顺差问题的首要前提是要认清人民币升值的消极影响,其消极影响主要体现在对我国劳动密集型的出口企业造成冲击、影响外商投资积极性、增加企业对外经营合作风险三个方面。有针对性地消除人民币升值的消极影响,有助于解决贸易不平衡问题。具体需要政府引导企业转变贸易发展方式,合理选择和利用外资,同时,出口企业应结合金融工具与财务手段规避外汇结算风险。 相似文献
19.
This paper extends the bargaining and matching literature, such as Rubinstein and Wolinsky (1985), by considering a new matching process. We assume that a central information agency exists, such as real estate agencies in the housing market and employment agencies (or newspapers) in the labour market, which puts traders into direct contact with each other. With heterogeneity of trader preferences, equilibrium trade is characterized by existing traders on each side of the market trying to match with the flow of new traders on the other side (since existing traders have already sampled and rejected each other). Two procedures of trade co-exist, namely a strategic bilateral bargaining process and a competitive bidding process, depending on the number of potential matches a new trader obtains. We characterize the unique symmetric Markov perfect equilibrium to this stochastic trading game. 相似文献
20.
黄青 《广东财经职业学院学报》2008,7(5):60-64
汇率是一个国家进行国际活动时最重要的综合性价格指标,汇率变动对国际贸易的平衡和国内经济活动的调节都具有深刻的影响。本文首先从理论上分析汇率变动对对外贸易与吸引外资的影响及具体的传导途径,然后从与人民币汇率联系紧密的进出口贸易及外商直接投资的角度,实证分析人民币汇率变动对它们的影响,以期对我国汇率制度改革、进出口贸易、引进外商直接投资等方面提供有益的借鉴。 相似文献