论我国反垄断法的适用除外制度

反垄断法的除外条款,是反垄断法的重要条款之一。除外条款是指反垄断法对某些特定领域、特定事项或特定情况下的垄断行为予以豁免的条款。王保树教授在《经济法原理》中提到,反垄断法的适用除外有这样一些要件:根据反垄断法的一般性规定,属于应限制或应禁止的行为;该行为的宏观经济利益大于其限制竞争所造成的损害;法律直接规定其不适用反垄断法的限制或禁止性规定,或者依照法律规定的程序认可其不适用反垄断法的限制或禁止性规定;行为因适用除外而取得合法性。一、反垄断法适用除外制度应遵循的原则要确立适用除外制度,首先应明确它应遵循…     

论反垄断法适用除外制度

反垄断法,是反对垄断和保护竞争的法律制度.反垄断法适用除外,亦称反垄断法适用豁免,系指在某些领域时某些事项不适用反垄断法.文章由其理论基础出发,从反垄断法适用除外制度的价值取向、适用范围等内容入手,对该制度进行原理性探讨,进而对我国反垄断法适用除外制度的完善提出几点建议.     

污点证人作证豁免制度评析与构建——以《联合国反腐败公约》为视角

污点证人作证豁免制度以其自身所具有的司法价值,被世界上许多国家所采纳。作为《联合国反腐败公约》的缔约国之一,建立污点证人作证豁免制度,既是我国司法实践的要求,也是我国履行国际义务的需要。本文以《联合国反腐败公约》为视角,对污点证人作证豁免制度进行了较深入的评析和探讨,并提出构建我国污点证人作证豁免制度的具体建议。     

政府信息公开的立法研究

政府信息公开是指政府主动或被动地将其掌握的政府信息予以公开;政府信息公开法是关于政府信息公开的原则、适用机关、公开与豁免公开的范围、公开的方式和程序、涉及政府信息公开与豁免的申诉和诉讼等各项具体法律制度的总和.     

国外企业薪酬制度比较

世界经济发展过程中,由于各国不同的发展起源和演进过程,在市场经济的构架上表现出明显的不同,微观经济的核心——企业制度的构建,在发展中也形成完全不同的模式。尤其是企业的薪酬制度也表现出明显的差异,下面就目前美国、日本、欧洲的薪酬体系作一比较。一、美国以资本市场为核心的薪酬体系从薪资的计费方式看,美国企业的员工可分为两大类:非豁免人员和豁免人员。两类人员分别实行不同的薪酬体系制度,采取不同的薪酬确定方法。非豁免员工是指不豁免就业法中对加班工资的规定、超时工作企业须支付加班工资的员工,为企业的操作类人员,如前台、接待、打字、出纳、档案等岗位的人员。     

政党制度对经济政策影响的政治经济学分析——一个中西方比较的视角

政党制度是国家制度的重要组成部分,该文将政党因素纳入经济分析并检验经济政策的运行效果。研究发现:西方政党轮流执政是造成经济政策失灵和国有企业困境的主要原因。通过对比中西方政党制度可以看到,以"政党权威高于资本意志"和"实质民主优于选举民主"为特征的中国特色社会主义政党制度不仅克服了西方国家的政府失灵,还是"中国奇迹"的内在根源。党的十九届五中全会《决议》指出:"推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合。"因此,加强和完善党的领导应该是处理好"有效市场"和"有为政府"之间关系这道经济学上的世界性难题以及彰显我国国家制度优势的关键所在。     

试论反垄断豁免制度

目前，世界各国均出台了旨在维护竞争机制、保护消费者利益的反垄断法。其中，一些看似违反了反垄断法的垄断行为或状态，并没有破坏竞争、降低效率、损害消费者利益．反而对经济发展和技术进步起了巨大的促进作用。因此，反垄断豁免制度作为反垄断法的有机组成部分便应运而生。本文对反垄断豁免制度的概念、基本理论以及发展趋势做了深入的研究和探讨，希望能对我国反垄断豁免制度的改进有所裨益。     

跨国并购中反垄断风险的规制:国际经验与中国的对策

申报门槛、市场影响、市场份额、并购动因、例外豁免等是反垄断执法机构审核并购的重要考量因素。我国要加强反垄断制度的国际协调,灵活运用投资方式以缓解企业的政治风险,通过反垄断域外适用、对等适用等实现效力对等原则捍卫国家利益,具体分析并购涉及国的反垄断理念和制度差异,有选择地控制制度风险。     

法律制度供给与农地制度变革

长期以来,依靠政策推进农地制度变革的做法,在今天其弊已现。为此,应着眼于法律制度供给来推进农地制度变革,即通过其内部法律制度建设和外部法律制度建设,来全面推进农地制度的变革,以弥补政策的缺陷。     

建设更高水平开放型经济新体制的时代需求与取向观察

改革开放以来,我国对外开放逐步实现从开启区域开放,到融入世界经济体系,再到形成全面开放新格局。建设更高水平开放型经济新体制,不仅必要,而且紧迫。无论是应对高标准国际经贸规则的新挑战,还是推动区域经济协调发展的新使命,以及提升服务贸易国际竞争力的新任务,都迫切需要实施更深层次、更大范围、更宽领域的全面开放。未来,建设更高水平开放型经济新体制,可按照推进以制度型开放为主体、以内陆地区和服务行业开放为两翼的"一体两翼"思路展开和实施。具体而言,应推动规则等制度型开放,加快实施更深层次的全面开放;打破开放空间的差序格局,加快实施更大范围的全面开放;推进服务业高水平开放,加快实施更宽领域的全面开放。     

Competition Policy in Indonesia and the New Anti-Monopoly and Fair Competition Law

This paper explores the role of competition policy in shaping a business environment that will encourage firms to improve their efficiency and competitiveness. After discussing the scope and objectives of competition policy, and whether a liberal trade and investment regime can substitute for, or should complement, a competition law, the paper offers an assessment of Indonesia's new competition law. Its shortcomings include a serious lack of clarity about objectives and a confusion between objectives and the means to achieve them; a failure to distinguish between various kinds of monopoly; a tendency to prohibit certain activities and agreements between firms without a clear analysis of the underlying economics involved; unnecessary and counterproductive exemptions from the provisions of the law; and failure to confront the reality that the principal obstacle to competition in the past has been unwarranted government intervention in markets.     

经济法与节约型社会建设

经济法体现了国家对经济的适度干预,同时经济法的实质公平与实质正义的价值切合节约型社会建设,有利于社会和谐。经济法保障节约型社会建设主要体现在:市场主体准入制度、竞争制度、产业政策、政府采购、税收补贴政策等多方面。以建设节约型社会为契机,我们应该丰富经济法的内容。目前,经济法的发展亟待以建立绿色调控权为中心。     

企业所得税政策改革浅析

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的初步建立与逐步完善,内资、外资企业公平竞争的矛盾与需求使得统一内资、外资企业所得税政策势在必行。新的《企业所得税法》从纳税人和纳税义务、税率、收入和扣除、税收优惠、反避税等方面做了更科学的规范,起到更积极的作用;同时在实践中也显现出一些问题,有待于进一步完善。     

Competition policy in Indonesia: Conglomerates versus SMEs1

Since the currency crisis, Indonesia has undergone rapid economic and political changes. However, the IMF‐directed recovery program, such as decentralization, does not seem successful. Despite the improvised legal system, the implementation of the recovery program is very poor. Lack of consensus on the role of conglomerates and the direction of competition policy, has prevented Indonesia from recovery. Anti‐conglomerate sentiment of the post‐Suharto times has given rise to unbalanced competition law and inconsistency among related laws. Treatment of the banking sector including ownership is a critical factor in the recapitalization process. Due to the similarity between Indonesia and Korea, Korean experiences would help Indonesia to establish the principles on competition policy. The separation principle is strongly recommended for Indonesia at the current development stage, and it is urgent to establish a rule‐based, not a discretion‐based, economy. The problems of conglomerates should be resolved through comprehensive competition policies.     

Tax reform issues in Korea

The relatively simple nature of the tax policy in Korea is changing recently, as widening income gap, unemployment, social expenditures, and decentralization have become important policy issues. In this paper, the tax system in Korea is overviewed, and several important tax reform issues such as economic growth, tax competition, redistribution, tax assignment, and real estate taxes are discussed. The main reform issues are the followings. The tax burden is expected to rise, but the direction of changes in tax mix is not clear since social expenditures can play as important role as direct taxation for redistribution. Taxes related to real estates in Korea are too complicated, and the progressivity is needed to be lessened. The roles of central and local governments with respect to tax policy are not well designed. Redistributive function should be assigned to the central governments, and tax exporting of local governments should be minimized.     

Google,Facebook, Amazon,eBay: Is the Internet driving competition or market monopolization?

This paper discusses the general characteristics of online markets from a competition theory perspective and the implications for competition policy. Three important Internet markets are analyzed in more detail: search engines, online auction platforms, and social networks. Given the high level of market concentration and the development of competition over time, we use our theoretical insights to examine whether (a) leading Internet platforms have non-temporary market power and, based on this analysis, (b) whether any specific market regulation beyond general competition law rules is warranted in these three online markets.     

The role for competition policy in economic development: the South African experience

Competition policy is part of the new international orthodoxy in economic policy and, at the same time, was viewed in South Africa as a crucial element of economic transformation. This article reviews the role of competition policy in economic development and the experiences of developing countries such as Brazil and South Korea. It then assesses the effects of competition policy in South Africa after 1994, with the main focus being on the performance of the new competition institutions established in 1999. The case of the steel industry is used to assess the approach and impact of the institutions in a concentrated sector that has simultaneously undergone processes of liberalisation and domestic consolidation.     

Competition Policy in the Asian-Pacific Region

This paper surveys competition policy in the APEC countries. It covers competition-promoting policies such as free trade but focuses on competition law. Fourteen of the 21 APEC countries have comprehensive national competition laws but in some the coverage is limited and the enforcement is weak. After reviewing national, bilateral and regional competition laws, the paper discusses the problems of devising competition law in developing countries with a weak tradition of promoting competition.     

透过王小郢模式谈城市公用事业民营化

城市公用事业既具备生产阶段引入竞争所需要的条件,又具备供给阶段进行垄断经营的基础,既有民营化的可能,又有管制的必要。采取BOT、TOT、PPP等多种形式使民间资本进入城市公用事业,推动城市公用事业民营化的进程,既可以解决政府财力不足的困难,又可以克服政府独家经营效率低     

Measuring the Economic Effects of Competition Law Enforcement

Summary  Together with a move from a rules-based legal approach to a more economic approach in competition cases, the economic effects of competition law enforcement have received increasing attention. Measuring these effects is important for external accountability of the Competition Authority, for quality control of its decisions and for evaluating the effectiveness of the competition law. This raises many issues in measurement, including the choice of counterfactual, the choice of effects to be measured, and the proper use of available data. The papers in this Special Issue of De Economist discuss these and related issues, based on a broad range of experience in competition law enforcement.