THE SOCIETY OF ARTS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY II. THE WORK OF THE FUEL ECONOMY COMMITTEE AND THE SECOND DOMESTIC ECONOMY CONGRESS

The Society of Arts in the 1870s joined in the national debate about fuel economy, and continued its interest in varied educational and environmental issues. Two aspects of these interests were the work of the Fuel Economy Committee and the Second Domestic Economy Congress.     

IMPACT OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT ON THE U.S. TRADE WITH MEXICO

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) took effect on January 1, 1994. The agreement is designed to reduce trade restrictions and enhance trade among Mexico, Canada, and the United States. The primary objective of this article is to examine and estimate the impact of NAFTA on the trade between Mexico and the United States. The data from 1989 to 1998 were used to estimate the overall trade as well as trade in three important products. The trade statistics were divided into two time periods: 1989-1993, before NAFTA, and 1994-1998, after NAFTA. The regression analysis and statistical t-test were employed to determine whether there were significant differences in the dollar volume of trade between the two time periods. The analysis of the data demonstrates that the trade between the United States and Mexico was significantly larger after NAFTA, which could not be attributed to other factors. However, the effects of other factors were analyzed. The success of the NAFTA model may have future policy implications in forging a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) in the near future.     

THE EFFECT OF ACTIVATION OF THE OXIDATION REACTION OF SODIUM PERBORATE ON THE CLEANING OF TEXTILES AND THE CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY

The purpose of this study was to investigate the bleaching efficiency of activated sodium perborate at low washing temperatures and the resulting energy saving. The comparison of the washing efficiency of basic and activated detergent was based on practical washing tests. The types of dirt used were coffee, fruit juice, tea, blood and a soot-oil mixture. The washing temperatures were 50, 60, 70 and 80°C. The cleanness of the washing was determined by a whiteness measurement. The consumption of electrical energy was measured with a kWh-meter. The higher the temperature, the more effectively all the types of dirt were removed from the textiles. With activated detergent a cleanness was obtained at 50°C and 60°C that was almost as good as with basic detergent at 80°C. The coloured types of dirt washed out more easily than blood or the soot and oil mixture. An average saving of 20% in the consumption of energy was obtained when the washing temperature was lowered by 10°C. With activated detergent, 45% of the energy consumed using basic detergent was saved with no reduction in the final cleanness.     

EXPLORING THE SUCCESS OF EXPATRIATES OF U.S. MULTINATIONAL FIRMS IN MEXICO

To examine U.S. multinational corporations, this research utilizes a multivariate model to differentiate among IHRM practices and their impact on U.S. expatriate performance. Questionnaires sent to 481 corporations combined with an analysis of the six independent variables, including selection criteria, cross-cultural training, and inability of spouses to adjust help us to understand U.S. expatriate rates of success and failure in Mexico. While, to a considerable degree, an IHRM model based on mainstream literature can predict U.S. expatriate success and failure rates, this research demonstrates the significant discrepancies that exist when comparing the results of the relationship of each variable individually.     

企业诊断的基础 自我评价模型

自我评价是一种诊断性评价 ,对于企业的持续改进和市场竞争力的提升具有非常重要的作用。模型的建立是任何类型评价进行的重要前提。因此 ,应建立一种自我评价模型 ,并从企业系统的各个方面对模型进行详细的说明 ,然后总结其主要特征。     

THE RAPID TEACHING OF SEWING MACHINE SKILLS: I.

The need for, and development of, an intensive block course which has been produced to develop skill rapidly in the use of the domestic sewing machine is presented and discussed.     

试论我国精神损害赔偿制度的完善

我国的精神损害赔偿制度是随着《民法通则》的公布实施而建立的一项新的民事法律制度,在保护民事主体合法权益方面发挥着重要的作用,但由于《民法通则》的规定过于原则,缺乏操作性,在实践中使得各个部门在各自的职权范围内制定的有关行政法规以及司法解释难以和谐统一,文章拟在精神损害赔偿的法律体系、适用范围、适用程序等基本问题方面进行分析并提出立法上的建议。     

再论中国体育制度改革的取向

中国体育事业的进一步发展需要以对传统体育管理体制的改革作为前提。由于体育事业在社会生活系统中的特殊地位及其本身的多功能、多属性特征 ,决定了它的改革取向是多因素综合作用的结果 ,并呈现出层次区分。同时 ,应坚持体育事业的经济效益和社会效益的统一。     

我国上市公司资本结构的税收效应分析

本文以资本结构的税收效应为研究主线,从MM定理出发,对其无税的假设条件不断进行扩展,在前人研究的基础上,结合我国的税收制度与上市公司的财务数据,从理论和实证的角度分别探讨了我国上市公司资本结构的税收效应,并对某些具体行业如何更充分的利用税收效应给出了相应的建议。     

我国高速公路建设融资问题初探

高速公路建设的迅速发展 ,使得项目融资矛盾日益突出。一方面是以财政拨款方式为主的融资渠道无法满足高速公路建设的需要 ;一方面是大量民间资本和国际资本无法顺畅地进入国内高速公路建设市场。文章提出并论证了运用BOT融资和资产证券化 (ABS)方式 ,通过有效地引入国际资本和拓宽民间资本的投资渠道 ,来解决高速公路的资金供需矛盾 ,同时提出加强和完善相应的法律法规是保证BOT融资和资产证券化顺利实施的关键所在。     

牟利型犯罪的经济分析

对牟利型犯罪的经济分析是以成本收益为工具 ,着重对牟利型犯罪的个人成本、社会成本、个人收益和社会收益进行分析 ,并建立了衡量牟利型犯罪的个人成本、社会成本、个人收益和社会收益的模式 ,在此基础上得出对牟利犯罪应优先适用财产刑的结论。     

THE EFFECT OF THE OXIDATION REACTION OF SODIUM PERBORATE ON THE DAMAGE TO THE COTTON DURING WASHING

The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of activated sodium perborate on cotton cloth. The comparison between the damage caused by basic and activated detergent was based on practical washing tests. The washing temperatures were 60°C and 90°C. Damage to the cotton was determined with a physical (tenacity) and a chemical (fluidity) method. Damage to the cotton increased as the temperature rose. Washing with basic detergent at 60°C did the least damage to the cotton. The activated detergent at 60°C damaged the cotton more strongly, but slightly less than the basic detergent at 90°C. Damage to cotton caused by washing can be determined more rapidly and more reliably with a chemical method than with a physical one.     

产业集群对产业“梯度转移”理论的挑战

产业集群是我国东部沿海地区经济增长和竞争优势的主要来源 ,东部产业集群效应使东部地区强化了“后天优势” ,阻碍了东部产业向中西部的转移 ,对流行的产业“梯度转移”理论形成了重要挑战。东部地区利用西部低成本劳动力优势及高度专业化分工基础上的产业配套条件 ,使中西部地区利用产业“梯度转移”理论发展经济的难度加大了。     

公共物品特性的动态性与供给模式探析

现有的公共物品理论较多的是从静态的角度考察公共物品的供给问题。因而,在解决公共物品供给的问题上过分强调单一解决方案的有效性。而现实中的公共物品属性往往因技术水平、制度、经济发展水平等因素呈现出属性的动态化特征,因而在公共物品的供给模式上也应采取动态化的模式与之相适应。     

论我国外商投资超国民待遇的终结

引进外资是我国改革开放政策的一项重要内容,基于开放之初我国资金的极度稀缺,为了实现我国的社会经济政策,多而快地吸引外资,我国对外资实行了多种优惠政策,即对外资实行超国民待遇。超国民待遇涉及我国社会经济生活的方方面面,它起到了相当积极的、不可替代的作用;同时,我国长期执行的外资优惠政策对我国经济发展的诸多全局性不利影响也逐步显现。在中国加入TWO后过渡期的今天,我们有理由、有条件逐步取消超国民待遇,当然,在特定领域仍需保持适度的超国民待遇。     

HOME LAUNDERING PART I. AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LAUNDERING SOILED TEXTILES

The washing performance of a popular U.K. detergent product has been evaluated at two different temperatures. The results are discussed in terms of potential energy savings which can be achieved by washing at cooler temperatures and the acceptability of the clean laundry as determined by a panel of consumers.     

中国对外贸易增长方式转变的路径与策略

近几年来,特别是加入世界贸易组织后,我国对外贸易取得了突飞猛进的发展,对我国经济持续高速的发展起了极其重要的推动作用。我国已经成为世界第三贸易大国。但我国还不是贸易强国。长期以来,我国外贸快速发展主要是依靠粗放型增长方式,这种方式日益显现出其不可持续性。实现从贸易大国到贸易强国的转变,关键在于转变外贸增长方式。文章就这一问题进行了一系列的思考。     

管理创新:民营企业发展的基石

面对全球经济一体化与国际竞争日趋激烈的经营环境 ,民营企业为求得生存和发展 ,必须追求卓越 ,不断创新。文章分析了民营企业的管理思想创新 ,管理模式创新 ,管理手段创新 ,试图使民营企业通过管理创新在激烈的市场竞争中发展壮大。     

THE RAPID TEACHING OF SEWING MACHINE SKILLS: II.

A pilot study which was carried out to attempt to assess the effectiveness of a systematic course of instruction in the use of the domestic sewing machine is reported and discussed.