An important way to build a new socialistic countryside: developing circular economy

It was put forward in the Fifth Session of Sixteenth Central Committee of the Party that "it is a great historic mission on the path for China to modernization to construct new socialistic countries",and that "according to the requirements of developing production, ample life, civilized countryside climate, clean countryside, democratic management,urban and rural social and economic development should be unifiedly planned, modern agricultural construction should be promoted, rural reform should be deepened all round, rural public service should be advanced, and peasants' income should be increased by all means." Some time ago Premier Wen Jiabao pointed out that problems about the carrying capacity of resources and environment, for example the decrease of arable land, the lack of freshwater and eco-environmental deterioration, will be tough challenges to agricultural development in China.     

Game analysis of control right of state-owned shares under the background of the mixed ownership

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18 th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the concept of the mixed ownership economy has received extensive attention from all sectors of society, which has effect on a coming new round of reformation on enterprise property. However, in order to take control of the state-owned shares in the end making the state ownership economy become the principal position and to enlarge the scale of state-owned shares, which guides the common development with the non-public sectors of the economy, how to determine the proportion of state-owned shares? Under the background of the mixed ownership reformation, the article explains the mixed ownership by explaining how to enlarge the state-owned assets controlling scale and how to improve the stateowned company ’economic effi ciency and how to protect the interests of small shareholders. The final conclusion is that the SASAC should use the thinking of relative holdings, instead of the absolute control thinking, and should make use of the games among the large shareholders and the pyramidal ownership structure to make the pattern of ownership diversify.     

County financial ecology and the development of new socialist countryside in China

The new rural construction will involve many fields, such as the upgrade of the industrial structure of agriculture, the impravement of the efficiency in the use of agricultural resources, the increase of farmers＇ income, maintaining sustainable agricultural development, and strengthening the construction of agricultural service system and circulation system.Finance, as the core of modem economy, should serve the new rural construction. However, there are many problems about the financial system in the rural area for a long time. So it is vital to build a good county financial eco-environment to promote the development of county financial systems and give full scope to the supporting function of finance. Only when we solve the problems in rural financial ecology and make clear the government ＇s fanction and activities, the county financial environment can function and be improved. Based on the reality of county economic development and starting from the connotation of county financial ecology, this paper analyzes the status quo of county financial eco-environment, especially the significance of optimizing the county financial eco-environment under the macroscopic background that the country proposed the socialist new rural reconstruction, and proposes the opinions and suggestions to construct and the maintain county financial eco-environment.     

From Less or No Waste Manufacturing and Cleaner Production to Recycle Economy —— A Review on the Theoretical Research and Practice of Ecological Enterprises in China

Based on systematical research on the conception evolution of ecological enterprise, theoretical and practical development of constructing ecological enterprise, the paper makes conclusion that ecological enterprises are developing into a new stage in which governments are launching some pilot projects about constructing ecological enterprises. And after that, governments should make policies to spread construction of ecological enterprises, to construct ecological enterprises in legal system and conforming to the standard as soon as possibly. 5o that, the basic units of ecological economy that fit to the conditions of China will be set up.     

Guide to Authors

<正>Aims and scope With the tenet of concerning ecology and serving economy,aimed at constructing a harmonious society of man and nature,Ecological Economy focuses on the sustainable development of economy and environment,and puts attention on theories,methods and technical innovations concerning ecological/green economy,circular economy and ecological/green industry,The sustainable development of economy and society,and the sustainable development of the population,     

Guide to Athors

<正>Aims and scope With the tenet of concerning ecology and serving economy,aimed at constructing a harmonious society of man and nature,Ecological Economy focuses on the sustainable development of economy and environment,and puts attention on theories,methods and technical innovations concerning ecological/green economy,circular economy and ecological/green industry.The sustainable development of economy and society,and the sus-     

Development of resource-conserving society：from the perspective of circular economy

The purpose of building a resource-conserving society is to pursuit less resource consumption and less environmental pollution,and to accept greater economic and social benefits,and the ultimate goal is to ensure sustainable use of resources and economic and social sustainable development.Developing circular economy is the inevitable choice and the basic way to build a resource-conserving society.Recycling economy is a resource-conserving production,initiate resource-conserving consumption,and it is the key to build resource-conserving society.This study tries to clarify the relationship between them and bring forward a scientific index system which can measure the development level of a resource-conserving society.It provides a new set of ideas for the evaluation of resourceconserving society,and it is important for the resource-conserving society assessment and construction,while further empirical research is made on China＇s eastern coastal Shandong Province.     

Guide to Authors

Aims and scope With the tenet of concerning ecology and serving economy,aimed at constructing a harmonious society of man and nature,Ecological Economy focuses on the sustainable development of economy and environment,and puts attention on theories,methods and technical innovations concerning ecological/green economy,circular economy and ecological/green industry.The sustainable     

本期英文摘要

Jiangyin＇s Approach： A key for wastewater disposal difficulty in villages and towns;Up to date definition and application of circular economy concept;Food industry faces faith crisis;Who should practice economy in the conservation minded society？;……     

Guide to Authors

Aims and scope With the tenet of concerning ecology and serving economy, aimed at constructing a harmonious society of man and nature, Ecological Economy focuses on the sustainable development of economy and environment, and puts attention on theories, methods and technical innovations concerning ecological/green economy, circular economy and ecological/green industry. The sustainable development of economy and society, and the sustainable development of the population, resource and environment are also within the concern of the journal. Besides, the journal also has eye on the regional economy, Western Development in China, and issues concerning agriculture,     

Relationship between ecological economics and circular economy, eco-industry, cleaner production, and other relevant categories

Eco-industry, circular economy, cleaner production, industrial ecology or industrial ecosystem and other subjects are all categories related to sustainable developinent. This paper studies the relations and differences between the four categories and sustainable development as well as ecological economics. Circular economy, eco-industry, industrial ecosystem and cleaner production were put forward during the revolution in “end treatment pattern” of traditional industrial society. Industrial ecology, eco-industry and circular economy theory are three content expansions of cleaner production. Ecological economics is of instructive function theoretically and methodologically for circular economy, eco-industrial, cleaner production and industrial ecology. Circular economy theory is easier to be accepted, compared with ecological economics theory. And circular economy in nature is the complete application of ecological economics theory.     

Protect the Environment and Speed up the Sustainable Development of Chinese Agriculture

Strengthening the environmental protection, deepening rural reform, increasing agricultural input, and promoting a more stable and higher-speed growth of peasants＇ income, all of these are playing a very important role in the sustainable development of agriculture. The environment problems are not only economic problems, but also important political problems. And they constitute an urgent and arduous task that we meet, and need a long time to be conquered. Under the present new historical circumstances, we should establish a scientific development philosophy, strengthen the environment protection, and build up a harmonious society in which urban and rural areas are progressing coordinately.     

The Change of Ecological Footprint and Its Effect on Sustainable Development in Beijing of China

Speeding up the environmental protection and construction is one of the major issues in ＂Greener Olympic Games＂ held in Beijing in 2008. Making a thorough study to find out the reliable measures to ecological resumption in Beijing has an important scientific and practical significance. It can provide scientific basis for making a better decision for ＂Greener Olympic Games＂ held in capital Beijing and development in harmony for society and economy, as well as management for ecological environment. By studying of change of ecological footprint from 1990 to 2003 in Beijing, the paper shows that ecological footprint per capita has a strong relativity with population and GDP, and both of the correlation coefficient between them is about 0.92, as well as the fossil energy land has a position in the lead in ecological footprint items. The study also shows that the ecological capacity per capita in Beijing occupied about 1.25% in global ecological capacity per capita. Began 1990, the ecological deficit in Beijing was about 0.72 hm2, which is at strong unsustainable development at present. Finally, the paper suggests social and economic structure should be adjusted as soon as possible, resources should be strengthen sustainable used and population increasing should be controlled strictly, as well as arable land also should be under control used for built-up areas. Simultaneity, the utilizing ratio of energy sources should be increased, and the consumption of energy sources and ecological deficit in Beijing should be reduced in order to speed up the society and economy development in harmony and sustainment.     

Research on the development and countermeasures for circular economy

Ecological economics and sustainable development economics are the basic theories to research on circulareconomy. Through the systemically research on the relationship of the three above, this paper thinks that the reuse andrecycle of circular economy is a way that the stall is mended after a sheep is lost. Although the reduction technicallycontrols the production process, it cannot solve the waste caused by blind production and excess competition. We haveexperienced variety obstacles when implementing the circular economy, whose main reason is the conflict between theindividual ration and the social ration. Therefore, only when the individual ration and social ration incline to conformity,the cooperating Nash equilibrium will be appeared. In order to realize the harmony of ecology, economy and society, wehave to explore effective evaluation theory. This paper cites the ＂five flows of wealth operation theory＂ from professorMa Chuandong to search operation mechanism of circular economy, makes clear the developing thoughts of circulareconomy based on the realities, and brings forward some countermeasures to develop circular economy based on theabove theoretical analysis.     

Circular economy in China and recommendations

It is an overall, urgent and long-term strategic task for China to vigorously develop the circular economy and build a resource-saving and environ- mental-friendly society. China is now at the acceler- ating stage of industrialization and urbanization. Lower per-capita resource amount and tendency of environmental deterioration has not been fundamen- tally averted. Therefore a circular economy devel- opment is an inevitable choice to realize the goal of building a well-off society, ensure sust…     

A study of economic development in Tibet of China based on the ecological economic mode

The purpose of this paper is to study the issues on keeping the continuous development of Tibetan economy and the relative stability of its ecosystem. Hence, in order to achieve the object, the study analyzes the status quo of economic development in Tibet and the problems of resource exploitation. It especially discusses frailty of Tibetan eco-environment, and evaluates the contradictions between the traditional economic developing mode and the safety of plateau＇s ecosystem. It concludes that there is an inevitable clash between the development of Tibetan economy and the safety of plateau＇s eco-system; this problem cannot be avoided by any decision maker, Therefore, the character of Tibetan econvironment and the requirement of its economic development strategy determine that ecological economy developing mode is the only choice for Tibet. This paper suggests that it should be compensated by the national government to assure that Tibetan economy can keep a higher developing speed. In accordance with the feature of plateau eco-economy system and demand of Tibetan economic development, this paper also suggests several methods to apply the ecoeconomy developing strategy of Tibet.     

Areal differentiation of virtual water for agricultural products and its effect on regional agricultural structure adjustment in China： 1995-2007

With a vast territory, the space-time distribution of water resources is uneven in China. There is a great dif ference in natural conditions and farmland management of agricuttural production in different regions. The areal differentiation of agricultural products virtual water is obvious. Comparison with the agricultural products virtual water from 1995 to 2007 in China shows an increase in the first ten vears and a little decrease in recent years. There has been a tendency of increase all the time in Northeast and Northwest. but a decrease after an increase firstly in other regions. The virtual water offood crops is the maximum which accounts for more than 70% in China. and that of vegetables is in a fast growth. The proportion of agricultural products virtual water to the total water resources in each region has a large difference, showing the imbalance of agricultural water in different regions, which accounts for 50%-90% in Northeast, and 125%-185% in North China. Under the guidance of virtual water strategy, based on the differences of resource endowment, each region should adjust agricultural structure, decide production by water, and select water suitable crops. In water-rich region, agricultural produets of high water consumption should be planted appropriately, which will make full use of the abundant local water resources. In water-shortage region the crop production of high water consumption and low efficiency should be depressed, and that of low water consumption and high efficiency should be supported and increased. It will achieve reasonable disposition of water resources, promote ecological restoration and environmental protection, as welt as ensure food security.     

Environment investment： transition from end-investment to multi-investment

Environmental investment must change its direction from end-investment to multi-investment, such as ecological construction, recycling economy and environmental protection. Only it can meet the needs of breaking the bottleneck of resources and environment for Chinese sustainable development. And the transition can hero us realize low-ost and highspeedy increasing of economy, as well as the construction of ecological health, beautiful environment economic development and harmonious new society. Material recycling in ecosystem can run well by self-organization and self-regulation by nature with low-cost and even non-cost. So, the environmental investment in ecological construction should be the profits maximum investment. But it needs country＇s support in financial policy on ecological or environmental compensation. Recycling economy is a brand-new pattern of economic growth, which formed gradually in the course of mankind exploring and practicing sustainable development. Fountainhead prevention, reducing and whole processing control are its significant characteristics, which are digerent from any former economic and environmental protection system. Investing in technology development and relevant industry of recycling economy should be the other major field of environment investment in China in the future.     

Study on the ecotourism model of the ethnic region in western Sichuan Province under the comprehensive tourism strategy: a case of Zoige County

The ethnic areas of western Sichuan Province are characterized by complicated topography, seismic active zone, serious soil erosion, fragile eco-environment, low level of economy, and so on. Periphery regions and central regions appear in western Sichuan Province. The socioconomic development in the central regions is at high level, whereas the ethnic areas are generally at lower level. Moreover. the deterioration of the eco-environment has seriously restricted the development of traditional industries in the ethnic areas, and it is necessary to develop environment-friendly and resource-saving industries. The ethnic areas of western Sichuan Province are rich in tourism resources, and have the potentiality of developing ecotourism. Advantages＇ of tourism resources in the ethnic areas should be made full use of and ＂comprehensive tourism ＂ is the requirement of the characteristics and the status quo of the ethnic areas. The ＂comprehensive tourism development model ＂ has the functions of ecotourism on the key industry. Based on the demands and the interaction among different industries, the model cart accelerate the development of related-industries, such as eco-agrieulture, eco-industry, eco-tertiary industry, and so on. Through implementing the comprehensive tourism model, we can fully utilize the advantages of ethnic areas, and promote the rapid and sustainable growth of regional economy, and also the harmonious development of economy, environment and society.     

Assessment of the agricultural sustainability of Shaanxi Province,China

It is significant for the study on the sustainable development of regional agriculture to monitor and measurethe trend of agricultural development with an effective method. The sustainable development of regional agricultureshould accord with regional population, rural economic development, social progress, resource and environmentalsupport. This paper establishes the evaluating indicators system of sustainable development of regional agriculture,evaluates the agricultural sustainable development in Shaanxi Province with a comprehensive multi-indicator method,analyzes the support of resource and environment for regional agriculture by the resource-development index and theenvironment-development index, and gets the conclusion that the indicators, such as education level, the income gapbetween urban and rural residents, the per capita area under cultivation and the consumption of pesticides and chemicalfertilizers per hectare, are the main factors to restrict agricultural sustainability, and that the pressure of the developmentof subsystems of population, economy and society on the subsystems of resource and environment turns out to bestronger and stronger. Agricultural environment gets better, but resource becomes one of the important factors to restrictthe development of regional agriculture. In a word, this paper highlights the potentials and limitations of sustainableagriculture of Shaanxi and helps identify the development direction in the future.