遗传算法在工程结构优化中的应用研究

首先介绍了遗传算法，接着将遗传算法与传统优化算法作了比较，然后介绍几种遗传算法改进的策略，接着通过一个简单的例子验证了遗传算法是求解全局最优解的一个有效方法，同时介绍遗传算法在实际应用中经常使用的几种改进方法，最后探讨了遗传算法与传统优化方法，BP神经网络，Hopfied神经网络，模拟退火算法，通用有限元软件的结合，以期能更好地解决复杂工程结构的优化问题。     

Optimization of the facility location-allocation problem in a customer-driven supply chain

This paper develops and applies an integrated multiple criteria decision making approach to optimize the facility location-allocation problem in the contemporary customer-driven supply chain. Unlike the traditional optimization techniques, the proposed approach, combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the goal programming (GP) model, considers both quantitative and qualitative factors, and also aims at maximizing the benefits of deliverer and customers. In the integrated approach, the AHP is used first to determine the relative importance weightings or priorities of alternative locations with respect to both deliverer oriented and customer oriented criteria. Then, the GP model, incorporating the constraints of system, resource, and AHP priority is formulated to select the best locations for setting up the warehouses without exceeding the limited available resources. In this paper, a real case study is used to demonstrate how the integrated approach can be applied to deal with the facility location-allocation problem, and it is proved that the integrated approach outperforms the traditional cost-based approach.     

基于供应链协调机制的物流成本优化能力分析

本文以一个供应商和一个采购商组成的二级供应链为例,建立同时考虑库存成本和运输成本的物流成本模型,比较分析传统供应链和供应商管理库存两种协调机制的物流成本优化能力。研究发现:在集中决策的情况下,两种协调机制的供应链物流成本是相同的;在分散决策的情况下,传统供应链的协调机制在采购商和供应商分别负担运输成本的两种情况下物流成本均不会优于供应商管理库存协调机制的物流成本;传统供应链在集中决策的情况下能够实现供应链物流成本的最优,在分散决策的情况下由供应商负担物流成本有利于物流成本的优化。     

Exploring TQM awareness in the Greek national business context: between conservatism and reformism cultural determinants of TQM

This paper develops the theoretical understanding of the application of Total Quality Management (TQM) in business environments that differ from those from where it emerged. Business systems that are less developed tend to adopt more ‘sophisticated’ and formal strategic initiatives. The adoption of TQM by Greek organizations is a prime example. However, less has been said about the understanding of TQM or its cultural determinants in such environments. This paper, based on the results of 73 semi-structured interviews conducted with managers working in Greek public and private organizations, argues that there are two antithetical business-cultural ‘forces’ – conservatism and reformism – that seem to substantially affect the awareness and application of total quality concepts. Both features create pressures in the system, either restraining or promoting TQM implementation. In this context, the tension between traditional business culture and a modernization logic is the key to understanding the development of TQM.     

试析优化智能控制器在BLDCM控制系统中的研究现状

随着人工智能技术的不断发展,专家系统、模糊理论、人工神经元网络等智能控制的最新成果开始进入电机控制领域,给进一步提高无刷直流电机的控制性能提供了一条全新的途径。本文结合国内外无刷直流电机控制系统的研究现状,将现代计算机应用中最前沿的最优化与智能控制与传统的PID控制器结合在一起进行研究,针对有非线性复杂特性的控制对象或控制过程,传统控制理论中的PID控制器的难以实现满意的效果。研究利用最优化算法优化智能PID控制如:(fuzzy-PID、BP-PID、自适应PID控制、专家PID、基于遗传算法整定的PID控制器),完善智能控制方法在BLDCM控制系统中的应用。     

多媒体技术在高校中的应用研究

随着现代教育教学改革的发展,以计算机为核心的多媒体技术得到了广泛应用。在多媒体技术的推广普及过程中存在着过于重视技术、违反认知规律、淡化学科及教学对象个性、忽视传统手段和师生交流等问题。本文通过分析多媒体教学在这些方面的局限性,提出相应的改进意见,以期进一步完善多媒体教学,提高课堂教学效果。     

不确定OD需求下混合交通网络设计的鲁棒优化模型

假定OD需求是不确定的,但它属于一个有界多面体,应用鲁棒优化的方法对不确定OD需求下混合网络设计问题进行了研究,建立了基于用户均衡的混合网络设计的极小极大模型,并采用需求生成的算法求解不确定OD需求下混合网络设计的鲁棒对应模型。数值算例的结果表明应用鲁棒优化方法得到的混合网络设计方案不仅更加符合实际,而且较传统确定性的混合网络设计方案具有更高的可靠性。     

Computational techniques for analysis of system dynamics models of social systems

This paper presents a methodology for analysis of system dynamics models of social systems. The methodology consists of computational algorithms Specifically, the computational techniques of sensitivity analysis as extended to system dynamics models are shown to enhance an understanding of model behavior and to contribute to considerations of model validity, whereas optimization analyses are shown to contribute to model utility and policy formulation.     

供应链库存管理模式比较研究

供应链库存管理是供应链管理的重要内容之一。本文首先描述了供应链库存管理的特征及与传统库存管理的区别;描述分析了目前流行的供应链库存管理策略,JIT库存管理策略、VMI库存管理策略、JMI库存管理策略、多级库存优化与控制,并描述了各自在库存管理过程的优缺点。     

工业工程专业生产与物流类课程群改革研究

文章以优化生产与物流类课程群的内容板块,加强该课程群内各课程之间的融合渗透。改革传统教学中以启发式方法、试验法为主解决企业生产与物流管理各环节典型问题的方法,针对各典型问题建立详细运筹优化模型并探讨模型优化技巧,从全局优化的角度对生产与物流管理各环节的精确定量优化方法教学进行研究,探索培养学生运用运筹优化技术更有效地解决生产与物流管理问题的教学方法。     

库存和运输一体化的物流优化模型研究

应用线性规划模型,以R-System(Retailer System)为例研究库存-运输联合优化问题,使用Lindo软件进行验证,并与传统的优化方法进行比较,证明其优越性,且简洁实用。     

基于非线性主成分分析的信用评估模型研究

传统的主成分分析（PCA）本质上是一种线性映射算法,无法有效处理非线性关系的数据。本文在分析自联想神经网络（AANN）的基础上,借鉴传统PCA方法中的序数主成分概念,提出了基于顺序自联想神经网络（SAANN）的非线性主成分分析法（NLPCA）。进一步,结合神经网络（NN）和Logisitic模型,以我国上市公司为研究对象,分别构建了基于NLPCA-NN和NLPCA-Logisitic的信用评估模型。实证结果及ROC曲线分析表明,本文构建的NLPCA相比传统的线性PCA方法能有效地实现数据的非线性特征提取与降维,提高模型预测性能。此外,实证结果还表明,在相同PCA方法处理数据的条件下,神经网络模型的信用评估效果要好于Logisitic模型。     

浅谈中心渔港在渔业经济的产业集群效应

中心渔港在渔业经济产业集群发展中具有重要的效应。本文分析了传统渔港的不足,在此基础上对中心渔港建设的思考,提出中心渔港建设的对策建议;探讨中心渔港在渔业经济产业集群的效应,从构建中心渔港的产业集群平台,推动产业转型升级、结构优化、形成规模,从而带动相关产业发展和渔业经济可持续发展。期望本文的研讨,对加快中心渔港的建设有借鉴意义。     

现代贝叶斯统计学理论与方法研究

文章从统计理论基础和统计方法两个方面对该方法与传统经典频率统计学之间的区别和联系进行比较分析,从而达到对贝叶斯统计学理论和方法的全面认识,最后对统计工作中两种方法的应用和探究提出建议且进行了展望。     

Another view on optimal design for estimating the point of extremum in quadratic regression

In this paper we illustrate how certain design problems can be simplified by reparametrization of the response function. This alternative viewpoint provides further insights than the more traditional approaches, like minimax, Bayesian or sequential techniques. It will also improve a practitioner’s understanding of more general situations and their “classical” treatment.     

库存-运输系统整合优化Excel模型求解

提出了库存-运输整合优化模型,将库存与运输问题看作一个系统整体考虑,比传统的将库存、运输单独考虑的物流成本要少的多。通过Excel模型的建立与求解,展现了Excel软件在规划求解方面的不可忽视的作用。     

The National Health Service Manager,Engineer and Father? A Deconstruction

This paper presents the findings of deconstructing a short extract from a report written by a National Health Service Trust chief executive.
Changes in National Health Service management since the early 1980s are briefly discussed. This is followed by a theoretical discussion of deconstruction and metaphorization. The text is analysed focusing on the 'binary opposites' reason and emotion. It is argued that reason is given hierarchical pre-eminence and that emotion is hidden or marginalized but that both concepts are central in order to arrive at an understanding of the text.
The chief executive appears to constitute his role in ways which might be characterized as engineering (reason) and as traditional fatherhood (emotion). Metaphors in the text are used in order to provide evidence to support these characterizations. One implication which is particularly highlighted is that management in this text is seen as a distinctively masculine practice – perhaps surprisingly within what is presumed to be the caring and supportive environment of a health care organization.
The paper ends with some reflexive reflections on the analysis.     

Experienced and Novice Investors: Does Environmental Information Influence Investment Allocation Decisions?

Economic Value Added (EVA) is a performance measure that is being used by an increasing number of companies, but academic research on EVA is limited. In addition, all prior empirical academic studies on EVA have used the firm as the unit of analysis. In this study, we examine the effect of EVA on the performance of individual managers. Specifically, we examine whether managers on EVA-based bonus plans outperform managers on traditional accounting-based bonus plans. We are able to test this because we have access to an EVA-focused company that has managers on both EVA and traditional bonus plans. Our results suggest that managers on EVA bonus plans who understand the EVA concept perform better than managers on traditional bonus plans. However, we find some evidence that the increase in performance results from increased consistency or congruence in the manager's evaluation–reward process rather than from superiority of EVA as a performance measure. Also, we find that the effect of EVA bonuses and EVA understanding differs depending on the area of the firm in which the manager is employed. This suggests that EVA may not be a universally appropriate base for reward systems. *Mohan Lal passed away 24 July 2002. This paper is dedicated to him.     

Modeling the location of greenbelts as a means for air quality control

This paper deals with the uptake of air pollutants by vegetation, in particular forest canopies, and the integration of this factor in the design of greenbelts as one component, together with emission abatement and land-use planning, of a comprehensive urban air quality control strategy. This integration involves the use of a grid diffusion model and the extension of the concept of pollution transfer coefficient as a function of the amounts and locations of vegetation. The traditional air pollution control cost-effectiveness optimization model is extended to account for vegetation variables, and alternative solution procedures are reviewed.