中缅边境“地摊银行”现状、成因及对策分析

＂地摊银行＂是人们对中越、中缅边境地区民间货币兑换机构的戏称,是伴随边境地区经贸发展出现的一种特有现象,其产生和发展有自身的特殊背景和客观必然性,对当地经济金融的影响具有两面性。＂地摊银行＂的存在反映出中缅贸易结算机制缺乏政策的有效支持,国内商业银行服务水平较低以及＂地摊银行＂服务的灵活性。应推动中缅双边合作机制,申请在姐告试点开办人民币与缅币兑换业务,鼓励我国商业银行到缅甸靠近瑞丽的边境地区设立分支机构,提高边境商业银行服务水平,促进＂地摊银行＂规范化、合法化。     

论当前我国个人外币兑换市场管理现状与完善

在涉外旅游与国际贸易繁荣的国家和地区,货币兑换店遍布街头,极为常见。这些货币兑换店的存在给人们的跨国商旅活动带来极大便利。但是在中国,货币兑换便利店却寥寥无几,这难以迎合我国涉外旅游、国际贸易及金融国际化发展的市场要求。本文中笔者将分析我国个人外币兑换市场管理现状,参照英国的外币兑换管理情况,就我国存在的问题提出完善的方法。     

浅析两岸贸易货币结算机制问题

随着两岸经贸交流与人员往来的日渐活跃,人民币与新台币兑换与清算机制的建立已迫在眉睫。本文从两岸贸易现状及货币结算机制建立过程引入,分析目前还存在两岸贸易货币结算的问题,并对此提出相应的策略。     

人民币有效汇率与山西省进出口贸易的实证分析

汇率是指一国货币兑换另一国货币的比率,它是一种货币表示另一种货币的价格。自1978年以来,我国在国际上的对外贸易得到了发展,同时山西省的经济发展状况也得到了提升。本文采用1994年—2013年的年度,基于VAR模型建立向量自回归,研究人民币实际有效汇率对山西省进出口贸易的影响。结果表明,实际有效汇率对山西省的进出口均有影响,之间存在着长期稳定的关系。     

人民币跨境贸易结算对我国外贸影响的研究

在国际贸易中选择合适的货币作为结算货币能降低汇率风险,增加交易便利。我国一直以美元作为主要结算货币,在货币兑换和外汇汇率波动中承受了不小的损失。2009年,我国正式开始人民币跨境贸易试点选择本币货币作为结算货币,给我国外贸发展带来了新机遇。文章将从正、反两方面来分析人民币跨境贸易结算给我国对外贸易带来的积极影响和局限性。     

人民币国际化的现实障碍与推进策路

虽然中国经济的快速增长和金融市场的健康发展为人民币国际化奠定了一定的现实基础，但人民币在实现国际货币的进程中还存在很多障碍，比如，人民币还不是可自由兑换的货币，我国的金融市场和金融体制还不健全等，这些都将决定我国的人民币国际化不会一蹴而就，针对这些障碍，需要采取一定的策略采进一步推进人民币国际化。     

澜湄次区域货币兑换障碍问题研究

澜沧江—湄公河次区域内具有丰富的自然资源,各国在资源、产业、技术和市场等方面具有较强的互补性。近年来,日趋稳定的政治环境以及次区域内各国发展经济的强烈需求使得各国政府认识到成功的合作将有力推动其经济快速发展。然而,货币兑换障碍问题已经成为制约其发展的重要因素。因此提出相应建议,力图缓解货币兑换障碍所产生的消极影响。     

人民币升值对我国外贸企业的影响

汇率是一国货币兑换另一国货币的比率,是以一种货币表示另一种货币的价格。由于世界各国货币的币值不一,所以为了方便国际之间的贸易,一国货币需要与其他国家的货币规定一个兑换率,即汇率。由于汇率波动的风险是每一个涉及到进出口贸易的企业都要面临的问题,因此汇率问题在国际贸易中占有重要的地位。     

实行“资本项目合理均衡开放”的可自由兑换路径安排

<正>一、对资本项目自由兑换及均衡开放的理解1.资本项目的自由兑换资本项目自由兑换,又叫货币自由兑换或货币可兑换,也叫资本项目可自由兑换或资本项目可兑换。在IMF中,可兑换的定义为:一种货币的任何持有者都能用此货币自由的进行国际交易,则该货币被认为是"可兑换的"(convertibility)。     

漫谈货币因素与外贸业务的关系

国际贸易是国与国之间的商品、劳务和技术的进出口交易。两国之间进行交易,涉及到两种不同的货币制度和使用不同的货币。买方支付货款必须用卖方国家的货币或卖方愿意接受的第三国货币,(一般是可自由兑换的国际储备货币),这就产生了用本国货币兑换其他国家货币来支付货款和结算的问题,从而也就产生了兑换比率、兑换机构、兑换方式和兑换场所等一系列具体问题,总之,带来了以外汇为中心的国际货币运动。然而。     

Currency composition of reserves,trade invoicing and currency movements

This article analyses the relationships among the unit of account and means of exchange functions of an international currency, on the one hand, and its store of value in official use, on the other hand. Historical evidence links the currency composition of reserves to currency movements. The currency composition of reserves is strongly related in the cross-section to both currency movements and the currency denomination of trade. Data limitations make it hard to distinguish these two factors. A panel analysis of 5 countries from central and Eastern Europe shows that both trade invoicing and currency movements drive changing official reserve composition. Implications are suggested for the prospects for the renminbi enlarging its current small portion of official foreign exchange reserves.     

Regional and institutional heterogeneity matters! Revisiting trade effects of the euro

The creation of a single currency is deemed to produce further heterogeneity in regional trade, as regions differ in their exposure to trade with other European countries. It is possible to disentangle two separate effects on bilateral trade, namely the “exchange rate volatility effect” (from exchange rate fixing in 1999) and the pure “common currency effect” (resulting from the issuing of a new currency in 2002). This paper presents an empirical analysis that shows evidence of a regional concentration of currency union effects in a few Spanish regions.     

External causes of Euro zone inflation differentials

Whether the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) satisfies the criteria of an optimum currency area (OCA) has been the subject of much debate. Probably the greatest consensus exists on the trade criterion. In general authors conclude from the high levels of intra-EU trade that the European countries are closely interlinked. In that sense, they would constitute an optimal currency area. In this light, recent empirical evidence that external factors such as exchange rates and oil prices are able to explain inflation differentials between EMU countries is surprising. This paper re-examines the evidence using new and revised data and comes to the opposite conclusion.     

Fixed exchange rates and trade

A classic argument for a fixed exchange rate is its promotion of trade. Empirical support for this, however, is mixed. While one branch of research consistently shows a small negative effect of exchange rate volatility on trade, another, more recent, branch presents evidence of a large positive impact of currency unions on trade. This paper helps resolve this disconnect. Our results, which use a new data-based classification of fixed exchange rate regimes, show a large, significant effect of a fixed exchange rate on bilateral trade between a base country and a country that pegs to it. These results suggest an economically relevant role for exchange rate regimes in trade determination since a significant amount of world trade is conducted between countries with fixed exchange rates.     

国际贸易结算货币理论及其对我国的启示

随着多边贸易和国际货币多元化的不断发展,国际贸易结算货币的选择对降低汇率风险和交易成本,提高经济效益显得越来越重要。本文按三个发展阶段对国际贸易结算货币理论进行了述评,在此基础上探讨了目前我国对外贸易结算货币的选择及人民币作为国际贸易结算货币的可能性。认为,当前美元仍应是我国对外贸易首选结算货币,但我国应积极扩大人民币在边境贸易中的计价结算,并努力创造条件促使人民币在远洋贸易中计价结算,以降低国际贸易的汇率风险及促进人民币国际化的发展。     

推进人民币在对俄交往中计价结算的几点建议

随着中俄两国经贸合作的不断深入,在对俄交往中推行人民币计价结算有助于推进对外贸易的多元化。近几年来,由于多方面原因,中俄两国本币还没有实现真正的相互兑换,在某种程度上阻碍了对俄贸易的深入发展。政府部门应积极支持人民币计价结算,通过建立中俄两国银行的资金清算渠道、降低境外银行在边境地区设立分支机构的门槛儿等新政策,加大中俄两国银行间的交流与合作。     

Implications of the introduction of the Euro for the Mediterranean countries

The Mediterranean peripheral countries cannot afford to be passive viewers of the fundamental changes that are taking place in Europe after the introduction of the Euro. The new developments pose formidable challenges and opportunities. It will be argued that no single group of developing countries will be more affected by these changes than the Mediterranean countries given their geographical proximity to the region and their long historical record of extensive and large economic interactions (trade, finance, and migration). This article examines the implications of the introduction of the single currency in Europe on Mediterranean central bank reserves and foreign external liabilities, trade and capital flow, and exchange rate policies. It is shown that since most Mediterranean trade is with the EU, Mediterranean central banks will be necessitated to hold major portions of their foreign exchange reserves in Euros. Also, a Mediterranean currency peg to the Euro, or to a basket of currencies where the Euro is allocated, will be important in reducing financial and trade transaction costs. It will also be hypothesized that Mediterranean foreign debts will eventually have to be converted to Euros. Finally, parallels between this region and the U.S–Caribbean region will be drawn to reinforce the argument that trade and capital dependence will eventually lead to a pegging of the Mediterranean currencies to the Euro. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Trade intensity and purchasing power parity

In this paper, we seek to contribute to the PPP literature by presenting evidence of a link between trade intensity and exchange rate dynamics. We first establish a negative effect of trade intensity on exchange rate volatility using panel regressions, with distance as an instrument to correct for endogeneity. We also estimate a nonlinear model of mean reversion to compute half-lives of deviations of bilateral exchange rates from the levels dictated by relative PPP, and find these half-lives to be significantly shorter for high trade intensity currency pairs. This result does not appear to be driven by Central Bank intervention. Finally, we show that conditioning on PPP may help improve the performance of popular currency trading strategies, such as the carry trade, especially for low trade intensity currency pairs.     

浅谈现代饭店业外汇风险管理

我国加入WTO后,旅游事业呈现了蓬勃发展势头。良好的经济形势在给饭店业带来无限商机的同时也带来了外汇收支管理等问题。尤其是现代饭店业面临着外汇交易、外汇借款、汇率折算等风险。应全面掌握国际市场主要货币汇率、收支状况,正确选择外币币种,适当调整商品价格,采用外汇保值条款等手段加强饭店业外汇管理,减少外汇风险,提高饭店经济效益。     

Teaching Applied Macro in Emergent Economies: Lessons From Bahrain

In this article we explore the challenges of adapting a standard introductory MBA course in applied macroeconomics to a student audience in a small open economy with a pegged currency. Our focus will be on the Kingdom of Bahrain, with reference to other countries in the Arabian Gulf region, where one would expect to use an open-economy theoretical course structure focused on the role of trade in the economy and the interaction of exchange rates and currency movements with that trade. Based on our experience in DePaul University's AACSB-accredited MBA program in Bahrain, we find that structuring the course content around open-economy macroeconomics requires a background in theoretical models which are beyond the time constraints of an MBA core curriculum. Alternatively, we consider how well a standard applied macroeconomic curriculum of output determination, business cycles, and monetary and fiscal policy can be adapted to students in the Gulf. We discuss how our approach is fraught with challenges which are both curricular and cultural.