“微观政治”中的“法西斯主义群众心理学”——鲁迅与1990年代后中国小说中“国民性”主题系列研究论文（一）

鲁迅小说开创的＂国民性＂主题在1990年代后中国小说中得到鲜明的承续,两者都典型地表现了＂微观政治＂中的＂法西斯主义群众心理学＂。＂微观政治＂是指存在于日常生活层面的弥散化的、微观化的权力结构和控制机制。＂法西斯主义群众心理＂兼有＂国民性＂和＂人性＂二重内涵,体现为人的心理结构中具有的法西斯主义的情感因子,具体表现为恃强凌弱、冷漠残忍、麻木不仁、缺乏爱心的兽性心理,揭示了人的行为所蕴涵的＂动物性法则＂,它往往在＂微观政治＂中充当扼杀他人精神而非肉体的精神＂杀戮者＂角色,＂法西斯主义群众心理学＂主题在1990年代后小说中频繁再现表明了＂改造国民性＂的艰难,世纪初鲁迅孜孜以求的＂改造国民性＂的重任并没有完成。     

国防科技评估指标体系构建及相关研究综述

本文在理解国防科技评估基本概念的基础上,总结了国防科技评估的主要特点,在文献梳理基础上对我国国防科技评估研究现状进行综述,发现我国国防科技评估主要存在三个方面的问题：一是实践探索不足,综合性评估欠缺;二是研究停留在方法论层面,实证性研究不够;三是片面追求指标体系的完整性,未能结合国防科技的特点开展评估。基于此,本文提出我国加强国防科技评估体系建设的措施建议。     

The Effects of Economic Integration and Political Instability in Central America

We use stochastic frontier analysis to study the effects of political instability events and economic integration on technical efficiency. A set of industries in Central America are analyzed during a period of perceived lack of regional economic integration (1980s) and a period of renewed economic integration (early 1990s). Results show that economic integration has had a negative effect on technical efficiency during this period. The effect from political instability depends on the type of event, both at the industry and national level.     

中国卫浴产品出口贸易现状及对策分析

近年来中国在国际卫浴市场的地位不断提高,已成为世界卫浴产品生产和消费大国,显示出中国卫浴产业已具备一定的国际竞争力,但目前尚存在着技术含量较低,缺少具有国际影响力的大品牌,面临新国家标准限制的压力,金融危机影响等诸多问题。中国卫浴企业要参与世界级的激烈竞争,就必须以金融危机为契机进行行业整合,坚持民族特色,加强自有技术创新,坚持走品牌经营国际化策略,加强卫浴产业行会、商会建设,加快卫浴龙头企业的发展。     

中国智库的经费运营模式研究——以中国高端智库为例

资金独立是智库保持竞争力、独立性和影响力的先决条件,但目前对中国智库的经费研究和深入调研仍然较少。国际知名智库的经费来源往往较为多元化,且大部分智库资金都投入到了项目研究中。对中国国家高端智库的经费数据进行分析后发现,目前中国智库普遍存在资金运营情况高度不透明、统计口径与指标衡量混乱、缺乏单独的资金运营情况说明、高度依赖国家财政拨款、经费支出分类较为粗略、行政管理支出过高、部分智库经费结余过甚等现象。本研究认为,中国特色新型智库在借鉴国际经验的同时,更应扎根于中国的政治生态文化,从经费机制上更好地保持智库的独立性,加强内部控制与外部监管。     

外资主导下的产业集群演化分析

从动态看,外资主导下的产业集群一般经历"形成"、"成熟"和"分化"阶段。广东东莞加工贸易集群在经历了上世纪90年代形成、本世纪初前6年的成熟后,目前正遭遇发展的困境。其原因主要有:国家宏观政策调整、资源约束与成本压力加大;集群内企业自主技术、自有品牌缺乏,产品处在国际分工的价值链低端;集群地域植根性差;企业孵化和创新能力较弱等。产业集群部分企业外迁、倒闭,可能也是其向较高端转型升级的机遇。产业集群应考虑选择具有持续动力的内源性资本扩张策略,政府应为其转型升级设计方向并提供政策支持,实现市场战略从"二头在外"向"一头在外"转变。     

An examination of women’s sport sponsorship: a case study of female Australian Rules football

ABSTRACT

In recent years we have seen an increase in corporate and media interest in women’s sport leagues and events. Despite the increase in commercialism and professionalism of women’s sport, there is a lack of research focusing on the marketing of and through women’s sport. This current study addresses this gap, examining the motivations of sponsors involved in the women’s Australian Rules football national league. Exploratory in outlook, this paper presents insights from key sponsorship decision-makers. It was found that sponsorship was motivated by a desire to promote gender equality at a firm, industry and broader societal level. Sponsorship of women’s football provides convergence of corporate social responsibility and commercial benefits. The paper provides insights for sport marketing and initiates the conversation of women’s sport sponsorship.     

An international patent protection system: A new approach

For all practical purposes, there are two patent protection systems in the world today. The developed countries have national systems, although different in some respects, that provide reasonably effective protection for patent holders. On the other hand, the less developed countries have national systems that are generally not enforced. The lack of enforcement is primarily because these countries own less than one percent of the world's patents. Thus, they have little reason to provide effective protection for those in the industrial countries who hold patents. It would seem advantageous to all concerned to develop a patent system that is accepted by the majority of nations. This study uses an analysis of the major economic and social implications of the present system to propose a suggested approach to a truly international patent system. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

我国中小企业担保机构市场定位研究

目前,我国中小企业担保机构面临着主体模式困境、风控模式趋于银行化以及盈利模式困境,造成这些困境的主要原因在于担保机构缺乏清晰的市场定位。通过构建担保服务对象-业务品种-反担保条件三维市场定位模型,本文对政策性担保机构、商业性担保机构和互助性担保机构进行明确的市场定位,即政策性担保机构应为符合国家或地区产业政策且缺乏足够抵押品的潜在优质企业提供贷款担保;商业性担保机构应为有市场、有前景、有效益的显在优质企业提供商业性担保;互助性担保机构应为社区会员型企业提供贷款担保。     

民族品牌汽车将实现跨越式发展中国将成为世界第一生产制造消费大国

中国汽车市场已成为世界第一产销市场。当前,中国汽车业存在的主要问题是缺乏强有力的汽车产业发展规划,缺乏整车设计开发和先进汽车发动机的研发能力,缺乏独立创新能力和核心竟争能力。政府应出台扶持民族品牌汽车业做大做强的产业政策,制定鼓励中国大型民营车企的振兴发展规划,鼓励技术创新,掌握汽车制造的核心技术,利用后发优势和低廉的生产制造成本,从低端向高端发展,利用新一代混合动车、电动车开发生产优势。中国汽车必将走向世界,必将成为世界主要的汽车生产制造大国和强国。     

Cleaning San Francisco,cleaning the United States: The graft prosecutions of 1906–1909 and their nationwide consequences

Abstract

This case study examines public debates on, and investigations of, corrupt city officials and bribe-giving businesspeople in the western metropolis of San Francisco during the era of progressivism. Law enforcement was not only difficult because of the lack of juridical evidence but also because large portions of the local business elites were benefiting from illicit structures. The prosecutions failed, but financier, banker and capitalist Rudolph Spreckels initiated a national anti-graft movement in the early 1910s, which discussed the concept of corporate social and civic responsibility as an alternative to criminal prosecution and an opportunity to harmonise class conflicts.     

论传统民族手工艺的知识产权保护

自新中国成立以来,我国不断通过立法对传统民族手工艺进行保护,但至今传统民族手工艺的知识产权保护与传承的现状仍令人担忧。我国在传统民族手工艺方面的立法工作虽然在逐步加强,法律制度也在逐步完善,但同时目前出台的相关法规对手工艺的保护大多局限于物化样态,在与手工艺相关的传统知识与手艺、稀缺遗产与资源、多样的艺术形态、文化环境和生存空间方面的保护相对空缺,亟待完善。我国应加强对传统民族手工艺的立法保护,加强对传统民族手工艺的司法保护,以此解决中华民族手工艺外流所产生的继承与保护问题,更好地促进传统民族手工艺的发展。     

国有企业比重演变特征及趋势分析——兼论“国进民退”与“国退民进”

国有企业的进入与退出,不是意识形态问题,而是发展经济的必要手段,其进入或退出某个行业,基本上属于一种市场行为,其比重在一定时期、一定区域应该与非国有企业保持适度平衡。在当前市场经济有待进一步完善和诚信体系尚未建立的情况下,关系到国计民生的行业如食品、医药等,国有企业不仅不能再退出,而且还要适当增加比重,以引领整个行业健康、有序发展。     

我国石油安全问题的实质及战略重点选择

石油是关系到国家安全的战略资源。近年来,我国石油进口的依存度不断提高,石油安全问题日益突出。我国的石油安全有其特殊性,既存在经济安全,也存在政治安全。经济安全是表象,政治安全是实质。这是我国在国际上特殊的政治和经济地位决定的。近些年来美国战略部署的调整及我国周边的形势的恶化,反映了我国政治安全的严峻。由于我国经济的不断发展及国内石油资源及储备不足,未来对石油进口的依存度会进一步提高。保障石油来源地和运输线路的安全应当成为我国石油安全战略的重点选择。     

Business-to-Consumer Harassment,Unfair Commercial Practices Directive and the UK—A Distorted Picture of Uniform Harmonization?

The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005 (UCPD) attempts to achieve a full harmonization of the rules against unfair business-to-consumer (B2C) practices. However, this paper argues that the UCPD cannot resolve disparities in national laws because of a lack of clarity of concepts and the existence of uncertain substantive and enforcement provisions. This is demonstrated by the Ferguson v British Gas case which extended the loosely formulated UK Protection from Harassment Act 1997 (PHA) to B2C harassment cases covered by the UCPD. Ferguson highlights contradictions in the approaches of the two systems which suggest loopholes in the UCPD’s full harmonization goal. As well as proposing the amendment of the PHA, the paper suggests that complete harmonization requires that issues of clarity of concepts, definitions, liability, ancillary tort claims, and enforcement rights which create room for creative interpretations and lack of uniformity should be addressed. A one-stop legislation approach to transposition can also improve harmonization.     

Environmentally Sustainable Meat Consumption: An Analysis of the Norwegian Public Debate

Private consumption is increasingly being blamed for resource depletion and environmental degradation, and the discourse of ascribing environmental responsibility to the individual consumer has become a part of mainstream policy-making. Measures aimed at promoting consumers' voluntary engagement through sustainable consumption now constitute an important part of public sustainability strategies. Nevertheless, the actual progress made in changing people's consumptions patterns in a more sustainable direction has been modest. Based on a quantitative and a qualitative content analysis of articles on environmentally sustainable consumption of meat published in five national and regional newspapers in Norway between 2000 and 2010, it is argued in this article that an important reason for the lack of both political and consumer engagement in the issue can be attributed to a discursive confusion that arises from a simultaneous existence of mainly two clashing discourses on what is actually environmentally sustainable consumption of meat. One that is focussing on the environmentally malign aspects of consumption and production of (especially) red meat, and another that is focussing on the environmentally benign aspects of production and consumption of red meat. The findings imply that the lack of consensus on the character of the problem constitutes a major barrier for the opportunity to change people's consumption patterns in a more environmentally sustainable direction through the use of voluntary measures.     

我国国有企业的环境责任问题研究

国有企业是我国国民经济的支柱,也是生态环境建设和保护方面的重要主体,其在追求利益最大化的同时,也应践行保护生态环境的社会责任。目前,由于我国国有企业对社会责任的研究起步较晚,还存在社会环境责任意识淡薄、权责不明确、缺乏有效的监督体系、执法力度薄弱等问题,导致一系列严重的环境污染,阻碍了经济社会的良性运行。我国应加强国有企业承担社会责任的意识,明确企业相关环境责任,加快建立完善的内外监控体系,加大执法力度,以有效促进我国生态文明建设事业的健康发展。     

消费升级背景下网约车的发展趋势与对策研究--基于经济法的立法视角

基于我国网约车市场的快速发展,2016年交通运输部门联同多部门出台《网络预约出租车经营服务管理暂行办法》。该办法对网约车平台公司、车辆和驾驶员、经营者经营行为等多方面进行了立法规范,但也存有对公司监管不力、垄断行为管制缺失和运价管制不力等立法缺陷。结合我国国情提出配套的完善措施是十分必要的,如重视网约车公司内部管理制度、加大对垄断行为的监管和加强对网约车运价机制的完善等,以更好地保护消费者合法权益,促进网约车市场健康发展。     

湖北固定资产投资可持续性研究

本文从固定资产投资的总量增长、结构优化、效益提升和影响因素几个方面对湖北固定资产投资可持续性问题进行分析。研究结果显示：投资对湖北经济增长的贡献率不断提高,而湖北投资总量增速相对较慢,且缺乏稳定性;投资结构不尽合理,投资的资金来源渠道相对较少,过多地依赖国家预算内资金,投资资金的投向结构与全国整体情况严重趋同,缺乏个性和特色;投资宏观经济效益递减的速度相对高于全国平均水平;政府财政支出增长率是影响湖北固定资产投资的最重要的因素,其次是工业化和城市化水平、经济增长率,利率对投资的影响并不明显。