同业业务发展、货币政策传导与银行风险承担

商业银行同业业务逐渐从传统信用拆借演变为类信贷业务,一些银行通过同业业务实施监管套利、风险资产出表,同业业务的快速发展对原有货币政策传导体系形成干扰,甚至改变了商业银行的风险承担渠道。使用25家A股上市银行2008-2018年数据,在理论和实证两个方面分析了同业业务发展对银行风险承担的影响。理论上,同业业务能够提高银行风险承担水平和强化货币政策风险承担渠道,上述影响并同时对于不同银行伴有异质性。实证结论验证了理论推演的假设:同业业务发展与银行风险承担水平正相关,并对货币政策银行风险承担渠道具有强化作用;同业业务对大型银行的风险承担水平影响有限,但对股份制银行和中小银行的风险承担水平表现了较强的正相关性。分析货币政策风险承担渠道,中小银行对货币宽松与否更为敏感,其同业业务发展程度与货币宽松情况表现出较强的相关性。根据上述研究结论,监管政策应当更加关注银行体系分层结构下的同业业务发展引导,尤其是对于股份制银行和中小银行,应当逐步引导同业业务占比较高银行压缩同业资产,鼓励商业银行业务回归本源,支持实体经济发展。     

基于同业拆借市场的银行传染风险研究

6月的钱荒事件,引起了社会对银行流动性的极大关注。本文以银行同业拆借市场为研究对象,研究银行的传染风险。研究结果表明我国银行体系的潜在传染风险很大,抵御风险能力仍有待提升。     

银行间同业拆借风险传染测量及仿真研究

本文研究了银行间风险传染机制,并构建了符合我国银行系统的同业拆借市场网络结构,该网络结构满足应用矩阵法的条件;通过采用矩阵法对银行间风险传染进行测算及仿真,运用最优熵值法构建了上市商业银行的双边敞口矩阵,沿用弗阿菲尼方法估计传染损失率,在此基础上利用C++软件,对具有代表性的五家商业银行进行了银行间同业拆借风险传染测度及仿真研究,根据仿真结果提出各商业银行、损失率、风险爆发、风险传染间的相互关系。     

宏观经济变量冲击与我国银行间市场风险传染

虽然宏观经济变量对我国银行同业拆借市场的影响比较小,但随着时间的推移,风险传染规模呈扩大趋势,同时银行风险的溢出效应比较明显。本文模型结构和模拟结果显示的四个特征表明,监管当局在防范我国银行风险传染方面不仅要关注宏观经济变量冲击的负面影响和银行在同业拆借市场中的具体交易情况,还需要关注银行风险的传染源和风险溢出效应。监管机构可以通过建立银行偿付水平对应于不同宏观经济变量的敏感系数,时刻关注宏观经济的异常波动对银行偿付能力的影响。     

银行新型同业业务的潜在风险传染效应研究

随着我国经济发展水平的不断提高,各类商业银行如雨后春笋般涌现,银行业务也变得日趋多样化,银行同业业务不断增多,很多主导业务的出现使银行杠杆风险增大,影响到其他业务的正常开展,更有可能引发银行系统性风险。因此,对银行新型同业业务潜在风险提出解决对策:对新型同业业务全融资链条加强管理;加强同业业务统筹管理;对同业业务计提差异拨备,对损伤比例进行控制与约束,从而使银行潜在风险传染效应降低。     

银行“同业代付”业务快速增长背后的思考

在银行“同业代付”业务快速增加的同时，其潜在的风险值得关注。本文以信用证代付业务为例，深入剖析银行“同业代付”业务可能存在的问题与风险，并提出监管政策建议。     

基于CoVaR的我国系统重要性银行间风险相互传染度量

通过研究系统重要性银行之间的风险传染效应,更具针对性地研究七家银行的相互传染特征,并按银行资产规模和银行性质进行了对比分析。文章采用的方法为Co Va R,计算Co Va R的方法为分位数回归法,同时进行了数据分析和图表呈示,并得出结论。     

美联储加息冲击下中国双支柱调控政策的协调研究——基于“稳增长”与“防风险”的视角

美联储加息冲击引发的国内资产价格波动可能导致实体经济波动与金融系统风险相互反馈的螺旋式上升。本文通过构建包含跨境资本流动和供需金融摩擦的小型开放经济DSGE模型,刻画了美联储加息冲击下国内实体经济波动与供需两侧金融风险交互作用形成的负反馈机制,并在此基础上研究了稳增长和防风险目标下货币政策和宏观审慎政策的协调问题。研究表明：(1)美联储加息冲击引发的跨境资本流动与资产价格波动,不仅导致企业违约风险上升,投资收缩,并且使得银行净值受损而被动“加杠杆”,宏观经济下行的同时金融风险积聚;(2)应对美联储加息冲击的货币政策无论是选择以对内“稳产出和稳物价”为主要目标,还是选择以对外“稳汇率”和“稳国际收支”为主要目标,均无法保证“稳增长”与“防风险”双重目标的实现;(3)以对内“稳产出和稳物价”为主要目标的货币政策与以信贷规模为锚定目标的差别存款准备金动态调整的宏观审慎政策构成的双支柱调控体系不仅有助于减小宏观经济波动,而且能够减缓供需金融摩擦交互作用的加速效应,从而兼顾“稳增长”和“防风险”两大目标,提升社会福利水平。     

银行间同业拆借利率风险测度研究——基于VaR模型

随着我国利率市场化的推进,商业银行暴露出越来越多的利率风险,探寻符合我国市场实情的利率风险测度方法显得十分必要。采用VaR模型进行实证分析,实证研究以银行间同业拆借市场利率作为观测数据,采用基于正态分布、t分布和GED分布假设的GARCH、TARCH和EGACH模型进行估计,得到如下结论:(1)基于GED分布的TARCH模型拟合效果最好;(2)t分布假设存在着高估利率风险的可能性;(3)相比于Norml和t分布假设,GED分布假设更符合于残差序列的实际分布;(4)银行间同业拆借市场存在着较大的利率风险,银行需要加强利率风险管理。     

网络视角下的金融结构与金融风险传染

网络技术的发展以及普及,不仅仅改变了人们的生活,同时在我国金融结构以及金融风险传染方面也带来的巨大的影响,从我国中国银行的各种数据分析中得出,采用最大熵的方法进行银行之间资产的负债关系评估,建立网络银行间网络,用来研究我国单个银行破产而导致金融风险传染概率,以及对是整个金融金融市场的影响程度,是目前我国金融领域工作者重要的研究课题。文章从几个方面对网络视角下的金融结构与金融风险传染进行了分析研究。     

Financial integration,specialization, and systemic risk

This paper studies the implications of cross-border financial integration for financial stability when banks' loan portfolios adjust endogenously. Banks can be subject to sectoral and aggregate domestic shocks. After integration they can share these risks in a complete interbank market. When banks have a comparative advantage in providing credit to certain industries, financial integration may induce banks to specialize in lending. An enhanced concentration in lending does not necessarily increase risk, because a well-functioning interbank market allows to achieve the necessary diversification. This greater need for risk sharing, though, increases the risk of cross-border contagion and the likelihood of widespread banking crises. However, even though integration increases the risk of contagion it improves welfare if it permits banks to realize specialization benefits.     

Market response to policy initiatives during the global financial crisis

This paper examines the impact of macroeconomic and financial sector policy announcements in the United States, the United Kingdom, the euro area, and Japan on interbank credit and liquidity risk premia during the recent crisis. Overall, policy interventions were associated with a reduction in interbank risk premia, most significantly for recapitalization programs. By contrast, decisions to bail out individual banks in an ad hoc manner or let them fail were accompanied by a significant rise in interbank risk premia. Most policy announcements had international spillovers. These results are broadly robust to using alternative measures of financial distress and varying the size of the event window.     

Official bailouts,moral hazard and the ‘speciality’ of the international interbank market

We analyse the evolution of emerging market loan spreads at a more disaggregated level than other studies on the subject, providing statistical support to the assumption of the ‘speciality’ of the international interbank market, to the extent that the pricing of interbank credit is insensitive to the nature (public or private) of the borrower. In sharp contrast, the public or private nature of other borrowers, such as corporates or financial firms, causes significant differences in spreads. These results could be interpreted as evidence of the possible role played by implicit government guarantees in the international interbank market, which lower the incentives for participants to monitor counterpart risk very closely. Furthermore, the specificity of banks is witnessed by the fact that only spreads on loans to emerging market banks have clearly declined following the 1995 Mexican bailout, whereas evidence on the pricing of lending to corporates and financial firms is more ambiguous. Although, on the one hand, this might support the view that financial assistance from the IMF gives rise to moral hazard, on the other hand, contrary to expectations, spreads on loans to Asian banks, among the major candidates in the current policy debate on moral hazard, have been unaffected by the IMF's response to Mexico's crisis.     

International bank lending: Political risk and portfolio diversification

The extent to which a large U.S. bank, all U.S. banks, and banks in the Group of Ten took account of political risk in their international country exposures in 1976 is tested using a simple portfolio diversification model. Assuming that political risks are important relative to economic risks, and that political risks are uncorrelated across countries, these banks' exposures should be negatively related to political risk indices. However, the portfolios of these banks appear to be related to political risk only insofar as political risk is roughly approximated by GNP per capita. International banks were not yet able to systematically vary their international portfolios with respect to political risk.     

Can Islamic banks have their own benchmark?

This paper attempts to answer whether Islamic banks can have their own benchmark rate. In so doing, the paper investigates the nature of the relationship Islamic interbank benchmark rate (IIBR) and its comparable conventional counterpart, London interbank offer rate (LIBOR). The dynamics of the two series are investigated to examine the stability of the spread between IIBR and LIBOR, referred to as ‘Islamic premium’ or ‘piety premium’. The findings suggest that there are both long-term and short-term dynamic relationships between the two rates providing significant evidence of their convergence and co-movement. Our results also show that the existence of the IIBR-LIBOR spread is a reflection of the cost of funding and profit potential of the participating IIBR rate-setters. We find that, in addition to the determinants of the credit spreads, fundamental news of the panel banks are dominant factors driving the ‘piety premium’. We argue that the Islamic banking industry is operating in a global context, where it is highly improbable that its rates can decouple from the global benchmarks. Given that Islamic banking products and their risk return profile are similar to conventional products, arbitrage activities force Islamic rates to converge with the global benchmark rates.     

Risk spillover of banking across regions: Evidence from the belt and road countries

We present the risk spillover effect of 2178 banks in 63 countries along the Belt and Road from 2006 to 2020 with the VAR-BEKK-GARCH model. We find that Chinese banking has two-way risk contagion with banks in East Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations, South Asia, West Asia, and Central Asia. Furthermore, Chinese banking keeps a positive correlation with banks in Thailand, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia, and its relationship with Indonesia and Kazakhstan shows seasonal characteristics, whereas with India, there is no obvious spillover effect.     

Network valuation in financial systems

We introduce a general model for the balance‐sheet consistent valuation of interbank claims within an interconnected financial system. Our model represents an extension of clearing models of interdependent liabilities to account for the presence of uncertainty on banks' external assets. At the same time, it also provides a natural extension of classic structural credit risk models to the case of an interconnected system. We characterize the existence and uniqueness of a valuation that maximizes individual and total equity values for all banks. We apply our model to the assessment of systemic risk and in particular for the case of stress testing. Further, we provide a fixed‐point algorithm to carry out the network valuation and the conditions for its convergence.     

External Public Debt,Trade Linkages and Contagion During the Eurozone Crisis

Against the backdrop of the contagion literature, the paper analyses the impact of financial and trade linkages on sovereign bond spreads in the Eurozone crisis. Using quarterly data for a sample of EMU countries during the period 2000–13, we estimate fixed‐effect panel models with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors that are robust to general forms of spatial and temporal dependence. Our main results can be summarised as follows: first, we suggest that the ‘sudden stop’ of capital inflow towards the peripheral sovereign debt triggered a re‐segmentation of financial markets and economic systems along national borders, with negative implications for risk‐sharing and the efficient allocation of capital. The ‘home bias’ effect – that is the increase in the share of sovereign debt held by domestic banks – worsened the country‐specific risk because the twin crisis (sovereign and banking) began to be conceived as more closely intertwined within countries than before. Second, the structure of international trade helps to account for the geographic scope of contagion, even after controlling for macroeconomic and fiscal vulnerabilities. Finally, the ‘substitution effect’ of public debt securities of stand‐alone emerging countries has affected more the sovereign spreads in the core than in the periphery.