系统论视角下CBE模式的成功因素分析及启示

CBE模式的开发理念、方法与过程等都对后继的教育改革产生了深远影响,并得到了广泛应用。文章以系统论为研究视角,将CBE模式看作信息加工的过程,分析了环境、制度、实施过程、评价主体等要素以及要素间的相互关系,并试图在市场需求分析以及企业和行业协会的参与作用方面进行创新,为更好借鉴CBE模式提供参考依据。     

Handing Over the Keys: A Perspective on Mortgage Default Research

This paper is the text of the 1992 Presidential Address for the American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association. A comparative evaluation of mortgage default research finds that both the residential and commercial markets evolved from informal underwriting rules, to formalized (though unvalidated) ratios and rules of thumb, to early risk ratings based upon empirical evidence, to gener-alizable econometric models of default, to option-based pricing models. The commercial market lagged the residential market by about 10 to 20 years at first but is now only about five years behind. The survey finds that research and progress in understanding mortgage credit risk has been precipitated by a public policy need or mandate, data availability, and adequate technology. The absence of any one of these factors has hindered progress in the past. Finally, six emerging issues in default research are identified and discussed: (1) the degree of "ruth-lessness" with which default is exercised, (2) loan recourse, (3) the magnitude and timing of revenues and losses associated with default, (4) loan modification, (5) default in a portfolio context, and (6) leasehold default. Progress in these areas will enhance the efficiency of both the residential and commercial markets.     

团队建设研究的新思路:边界管理的视角

团队建设是组织理论研究的一个重要问题。本文通过文献回顾,评价了以往团队建设研究的三种视角;在澄清边界、边界活动和边界管理内涵的基础上,考察组织变革中边界社会化和边界活动向内迁移的趋势,并指出这种趋势对边界视角的团队建设研究的启示;界定团队内向边界管理和外向边界管理的概念,分析内向与外向边界活动既竞争又相互支持与互补的协同关系,并提出通过内向与外向边界管理的动态平衡机制实现高效团队的措施;指出团队边界管理需进一步研究与探讨的问题。     

Perspective: A Review of Marketing Research on Product Design with Directions for Future Research

The authors provide synthesized summaries of research on product design conducted over the 20‐year period from 1995 to 2014, as well as suggestions for future research. Building on the conceptual model of product design proposed by Luchs and Swan, the current project describes research findings based on a review of 252 articles drawn from eight of the academic journals most influential to marketing thought, and identified by their inclusion of the terms “product design” or “industrial design” within their abstracts, subject terms, and/or author supplied keywords. Specifically, the authors provide integrated summaries of 25 product design subtopics organized within Luchs and Swan's original 11 product design research topic categories, which, in turn, address the following three general product design research categories: context and strategy, product design process, and product design consequences. These summaries are followed by suggested future research opportunities to address gaps in the literature. In addition to seeking inspiration for future research based on a review of extant research, the authors illustrate an approach for exploring research opportunities based on current and emerging industry trends, such as sustainability, the sharing economy, and the emergence of consumer‐oriented health and performance management products. For each identified industry trend, the authors provide illustrative design implications with consequent illustrative research opportunities. This balanced approach to identifying near‐term research opportunities based on extant research and based on industry trends, i.e., looking forward and externally, may in turn improve the potential impact of future research on both knowledge development and on industry practice.     

转变城市发展方式之宜居城市建设——基于德国经验借鉴

"和谐宜居"是新时代城市高质量发展的重要目标,宜居城市建设已成为实现城市转型的有力抓手。在剖析德国语境下宜居城市建设背景基础上,梳理总结德国宜居城市建设相关实践,并对其发展取向进行概括,从拓宽公众参与渠道、强化技术领域创新、优化公共服务配置、挖掘城市文化基因四个方面提出对我国宜居城市建设的若干启示,以期为我国城市可持续发展提供参考。     

地区差距的新视角:人口与产业分布不匹配研究

地区差距从空间上看表现为人口与产业分布的不匹配,因此研究不匹配是审视地区差距的一个新视角。本文通过构造测度不匹配程度的指数,描绘了我国人口与产业不匹配程度的现状与变化趋势;并在分析不匹配形成机理的基础上,提出了三个可能导致其扩大的研究假设。通过实证分析,发现人口与产业不匹配程度会随着经济发展呈现出先升后降的变化趋势,在此过程中,人口迁移壁垒、资本边际产出变动差异对不匹配扩大起到了推动作用,而国家区域协调发展战略在阻止其扩大方面发挥了一定的作用。     

我国城市养老服务模式比较研究——建立“自助-互助”机制

我国老年人口增长快于世界其他国家,在复杂的人口老龄化背景下,分析我国养老模式和如何做好养老服务日益重要。本文在国内的大量研究基础上从四个维度比较目前三种养老模式,得出社区居家养老模式存在独特优越性。在居家养老模式中,运用相关理论基础,需求理论、社会支持理论与优势视角理论,社会支持理论提出要为老年人建立关系网,优势视角理论提出老年人本身具备各项资源可以在养老工作中加以利用且为老年人增权。本文着重强调要从优势视角和社会支持角度下建立"老人自助-互助"机制保障老人权益。     

Riskiness of Real Estate Development: A Perspective from Urban Economics and Option Value Theory

In this article, we define a new construct for urban economic and investment analysis, which revisits the conventional wisdom that investment in real estate development is riskier than investment in stabilized property assets. This new construct, referred as a “development asset value index” (DAVI), is a value index for newly developed properties (only) in a given geographical property market. It tracks longitudinal changes in the highest and best use (HBU) value of locations, and it reveals developer and landowner behavior taking advantage of the optionality inherent in land ownership. In particular, the DAVI reflects developers' use of flexibility in the exercise of the call option to (re)develop the property to any legal use and density. We empirically estimate a DAVI for commercial property (i.e., central locations) and compare it with a corresponding traditional transaction‐price‐based property asset price index (PAPI) corrected for depreciation. We believe that the difference primarily reflects the realized value of flexibility in land development. We find that the DAVIs display greater value growth and are smoother over time and less cyclical than their corresponding PAPIs for the same locations. This suggests that developers successfully use flexibility, and that development may be riskier than stabilized property investment due primarily only to leverage effects (construction costs). Practical implications are also discussed.     

The Complementary Roles of Applied and Basic Research: A Knowledge‐Based Perspective*

While a great deal of scholastic effort has gone into discovering the multifaceted relationships between applied research initiatives and subsequent performance, relatively little empirical research addresses the performance impact from firm investments in basic research initiatives. Even less addresses the interactive roles of both types of research. The authors conceptualize and empirically evaluate the interactive relationship between applied and basic research initiatives and firm performance. Applied and basic research projects are knowledge creation activities in a product development domain, and both initiatives enhance the stored knowledge of a firm. Stored knowledge is the fuel that drives the product development engine. Applied research initiatives assimilate and exploit stored knowledge to develop new products. Basic research initiatives contribute to and enhance the stock of knowledge from which the applied initiatives are drawn. This expanded base of stored knowledge has positive ramifications for subsequent applied research initiatives. Results indicate that firms that engage in moderate or higher levels of applied research will see enhanced performance returns from additional investments in basic research. Conversely, firms that engage in relatively lower levels of applied research see no performance enhancement at any level of investment in basic research. Firms that rely on a flow of product innovations to provide a continued income stream must certainly invest in applied research initiatives. However, additional investment in directed basic research initiatives will augment future applied projects and could become the source of sustainable competitive advantage.     

企业生态位视角的商业生态系统稳定性研究

本文在利用生态位理论对商业生态系统的稳定性进行理论分析的基础上,构建了企业生态位模型。以我国××整车生产企业的商业生态系统为对象,通过计算、分析供应商的企业生态位宽度和企业生态位重叠度对商业生态系统的稳定性进行了实证研究。结果表明,该商业生态系统中供应商之间企业生态位的分离、部分重叠、完全重叠的状况并存。整车生产企业作为商业生态系统的构建者与领导者,可通过有效的策略调整供应商之间企业生态位的宽度和重叠度来促进供应商之间的竞争与合作,保持商业生态系统的稳定与发展。     

转变城市发展方式之低碳城市建设——基于德国经验借鉴

首先从产业能源体系、低碳交通网络及生态环境三方面梳理德国低碳城市建设实践,然后总结德国在低碳意识培养、战略目标制定、政策体系建设等方面值得借鉴的经验,最后从“公平-效率-质量”视角为我国低碳城市建设提出建设路径:加快创新驱动,提高建设效率;提供制度支持,注重建设公平;强调以人为本,提升建设质量。     

The Strategic Effect of Bundling: A New Perspective

This paper investigates the strategic effect of the bundling strategy that is adopted by a multi-product firm that produces two complementary goods and faces one single-product rival in each market. I consider both the Cournot and Bertrand cases. When firms compete in quantities, bundling is completely ineffective. Under price competition, selling as a package is profitable when market competition is particularly tough. In such circumstances, the multi-product firm resorts to bundling to dampen the negative impact of low brand differentiation and/or scarce product complementarity. However, overall prices increase as a result of bundling, and not only consumer surplus, but also total social welfare, shrink.     

行业标准的营销策略研究:交易费用经济学的视角

在新古典经济学的世界里，由于预设了交易费用为零，决定了它不可能成为企业研究制定营销策略的有效经济学理论基础。恰恰在这一点上，交易费用经济学(TCE)有着巨大威力。本文从TCE的视角出发，在对经典的行业标准之战(Standards War)案例的分析基础之上，给出了行业标准形成过程的经济学分析与解释，并对一般行业的标准营销策略的制定提供了相应建议。     

The Determinants of Disciplinary System Effectiveness: A Line-Management Perspective

This study examines how characteristics of an organization and its disciplinary system affect line-management perceptions of disciplinary system effectiveness. Using responses from 418 organizations, we found a curvilinear relationship between disciplinary system restrictiveness and perceptions of disciplinary system effectiveness. Results also indicate that monitoring costs, investment in training, grievance systems, unionization, and pressure to perform are significantly related to perceptions of disciplinary system effectiveness.     

Marketing Hype: A New Perspective for New Product Research and Introduction

Marketing research procedures typically used to support new product development activities often emphasize the collection of data from potential customers, even when the product success depends on the decisions of a number of key stakeholders such as distributors, media, etc. Consequently, most conventional product introduction efforts focus on a target customer segment and ignore the needs of other stakeholders. These narrowly concentrated research efforts can lead to unfounded expectations regarding the product performance. Similarly, the lopsided focus on consumers can lead to reduced marketing effectiveness. Jerry Wind and Vijay Mahajan argue for the recognition of the process of "marketing hype," a set of prelaunch activities leading to the creation of a supportive market environment. This can lead to the creation of broader strategies that focus on the key stakeholders as subjects for new product research, and targets for the introductory marketing programs. This could lead to a richer understanding of the intergroup influences on the adoption of the new product and increase the chances of a successful new product launch.     

产业生态:一个企业竞争的视角

本文基于对产业生态研究视角的澄清以及有关产业生态定义的回顾 ,对产业生态的概念作了广义和狭义两个层面的界定。根据已有的研究成果 ,对“资源生产率”与企业竞争力的关系进行了多角度的梳理 ,并着重就产业生态观与企业竞争行为的互动可能进行了理论上的探析。     

心理授权与员工创新行为的关系——心理契约新视角的中介作用

本文研究心理授权对员工创新行为的影响,并引入了员工感知到的“员工对组织的责任”这一心理契约视角为中介变量,通过对不同行业企业进行调查,共收集312份问卷,进行实证研究发现,工作意义、自我决策、自我效能感、影响力对员工创新行为有正向影响;心理契约在工作意义、自我效能感对员工创新行为的关系中起完全中介作用,在自我决策、影响力对员工创新行为的关系中不起中介作用。     

城市基础设施项目后评价机制研究

阐明确了城市基础设施项目后评价的涵义和特点,研究了城市基础设施项目后评价内容体系.对城市基础设施项目后评价组织与实施机制提出了建议.