The Quality of Data Obtained from Self-Completed Questionnaires in a Survey of High School Students

This study examines issues of data quality in a survey conducted in a nationwide probability sample of 8985 students in the last four years of high school education in Greece. Respondents completed an extensive questionnaire whose main topic of investigation was the use of licit and illicit substances (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, etc.). We examined the effect of sex, age and school performance on data quality. Specifically, we related these factors to the probabilities of correctly observing filters in the questionnaire, of certain inconsistencies in responses, of reporting difficulty in understanding the questions and being able to answer honestly. It was found that all these factors have strong effects. Boys’ responses presented more problems than girls’ (median odds ratio in a series of separate logistic regressions = 1.35) and younger respondents’ more than older (median odds ratio 1.34 for ages 13–14 and 1.06 for ages 15–16, compared to ages 17–18). The strongest effect was related to school performance compared to the best students (school marks 18–20), median odds ratios were 1.31 for marks 15–17, 1.76 for 12–14 and 3.25 for 10–11. Implications for questionnaire design are discussed.     

Recovering the Metric Structure in Ordinal Data: Linear Versus Nonlinear Principal Components Analysis

Two techniques for data reduction as part of the SPSS package are compared in a Monte Carlo study: principal components analysis (PCA) and nonlinear principal components analysis (NPCA). The relative performance of these techniques in recovering the component scores underlying subjects' scores on observed ordinal variables is studied for two-dimensional spaces. The relative performance is examined as a function of (a) the sample size, (b) the number of categories in the variables, (c) the amount of measurement error, (d) the type of nonlinearity in the data, and (e) the degree of heterogeneity of the marginal distributions of the variables. As expected, when the sample size increases the performance of NPCA improves when compared to PCA. For the range of values considered, there is no effect of the number of categories on the relative performance of PCA and NPCA. For the other factors the effects are more complicated: adding error does not affect PCA as strongly as NPCA, as expected, but not for heterogeneously distributed variables for a particular form of nonlinearity, in which case NPCA becomes more appropriate. PCA appears to outperform NPCA for linear data, but also for a substantial number of nonlinear data sets.     

数据采集在统计过程控制系统SPC中的应用

本文介绍了数据采集技术在提高制造业质量方面的应用，指出数据已成为产品质量分析的关键因素，SPC成功应用的关键是质量数据的有效采集，并提出了数据采集的一般方法。     

浅谈地方统计数据质量

本文对地方统计数据质量的外延和内涵进行了界定,分析了其影响因素,提出了相应的策略。     

Robust tests for heteroskedasticity in the one-way error components model

This paper constructs tests for heteroskedasticity in one-way error components models, in line with Baltagi et al. [Baltagi, B.H., Bresson, G., Pirotte, A., 2006. Joint LM test for homoskedasticity in a one-way error component model. Journal of Econometrics 134, 401–417]. Our tests have two additional robustness properties. First, standard tests for heteroskedasticity in the individual component are shown to be negatively affected by heteroskedasticity in the remainder component. We derive modified tests that are insensitive to heteroskedasticity in the component not being checked, and hence help identify the source of heteroskedasticity. Second, Gaussian-based LM tests are shown to reject too often in the presence of heavy-tailed (e.g. t$t$-Student) distributions. By using a conditional moment framework, we derive distribution-free tests that are robust to non-normalities. Our tests are computationally convenient since they are based on simple artificial regressions after pooled OLS estimation.     

The Quantification of Qualitative Survey Data: A Critical Assessment

Abstract.  Data obtained from business and consumer surveys are often used in forecasting models and in testing different expectation formation schemes. Their use, however, requires a previous step of transformation of the qualitative data into quantitative figures. This paper contains a critical review of the different quantification methods, highlighting the limits of their use in macroeconomic modelling.     

面向数据的计算机审计中数据质量问题的探讨

出现数据质量问题将直接影响审计分析结果的准确性，降低分析效率，给审计工作带来障碍。本文分析了计算机审计的一般流程，指出审计数据的采集和采集后数据的清洗、集成、转换是与审计数据质量息息相关的关键环节。文章对多种数据质量问题进行了详细分析和分类，提出了提高审计数据质量的一般处理方法和可实现的技术。     

民办医学院图书馆馆员素质之我见

结合自己的亲身经历和对图书馆管理的认识,对图书馆员应具备的素质进行了探讨,并就提高馆员素质的必要性、图书馆员素质的主要内容及如何提高馆员素质的途径浅析自己的见解。     

我国总体并购活动与宏观经济变量的关联性研究——对我国并购浪潮成因的分析

本文对我国总体并购活动与GDP增长率、货币供应量、利率、股价及汇率的关联性实证研究结果表明，并购周期与经济周期具有较强的相关性，具有长期均衡关系；货币供应量、利率、股价和汇率等与总体并购活动具有长期稳定的关系，但短期内，利率与并购活动显著地负相关；货币供应量对总体并购活动有微弱的正相关关系；股价指数和汇率对总体并购活动有负影响，且影响程度很弱。这说明，经济周期和利率是我国并购浪潮形成的主要原因。     

谈论职业技术院校实习教师的自身素质

职业技术院校是培养行业技术型人才的摇篮,院校如何能培养出适应科技市场的合格学生,关键在于操作指导教师。什么样的实习教师、具有怎样素质的教师,才能培养出市场需求的操作型人才,是本文阐述的主题。     

质量管理数据分析的思考

数据分析是精确分析质量管理现状的科学方法，也是质量管理实现持续改进的有效途径。本文对如何开展质量管理的数据分析工作进行了初步探讨。     

高职院校图书馆在大学生综合素质教育中的作用

高职院校图书馆在大学生综合素质教育中具有课堂教育不可替代的文化优势、环境优势和服务优势,与素质教育的方方面面有着诸多的密切联系,并且在大学生的综合素质教育中能够发挥独特而重要的教育作用。高职院校图书馆应利用自身所拥有的丰富的文献资源,通过没有围墙学校的知识传授,促进大学生自身素质的内在资源健康发展,只有这样,中国的发展才能不断呈现新的生机和活力。     

ISO8000数据质量系列标准探析

数据质量标准是目前国际标准化的一个新领域,ISO8000系列标准是一个新出现的有关数据质量的国际标准。文章简单描述了ISO8000系列标准的主要组成以及和ISO9000标准的关系;重点讨论了目前已发布的关于主数据质量的系列标准,即ISO8000100系列标准。     

职业学校优秀学生干部应具备的能力和素质

职业学校学生干部的培养非常重要,优秀学生干部所具备的能力和素质对于各项工作的开展有着非常重要的作用,本文从几个方面阐述了优秀学生干部应具备的能力和素质,让学生干部们进一步了解如何能成为一名优秀的学生干部。做一名学生干部不是一件容易的事,做一名优秀的学生干部更不是一朝一夕就可以成功的,需要我们在日常的工作学习之中不断的总结学习,从各个方面全面提高我们自身的素质。     

如何提高职校语文教学的质量与效率

语文课程是所学课程中的基础学科,也是为学好其他学科打下重要基础的学科,现在的教学模式也已经走进了新的课程改革时代,也是更好的让语文学习水平得到提升,学习更有效率,那在语文教学中应该注意到一些怎样的地方,本文就是围绕如何提高语文教学质量与效率进行分析和探究的。     

Measuring and Evaluating Efficiency of Hospitals Through Total Quality Management

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate the efficiency of 12 hospitals in Turkey using a multi-criteria Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology. Number of beds, number of physicians and the critical factors of total quality management in the health care sector were used as inputs of the model. The outputs used in this analysis incorporated financial and non-financial performance of hospitals, number of outpatients and number of patient days. Performance of the hospitals was measured using subjective measures based on executive's perception of how their organization performed relative to the competition. Results provide management with information regarding the relatively best practice hospitals in the observation sets and locate the relatively inefficient hospitals by comparison with the best practice ones. At last some suggestions are made for the least efficient hospital.     

Using On-Line Process Data to Improve Quality: Challenges for Statisticians*

In the process industries measurements on a large number of process variables are routinely collected at regular intervals by on-line computers. This paper makes a case for incorporating these process variables into Statistical Process Control (SPC) schemes. Multivariate statistical methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) can be used to project these data down into low dimensional spaces where analysis, monitoring and diagnosis are easily performed. Strong justifications for taking this approach are presented and examples are given. The statistical process control community has been slow in adapting to the data explosion brought about by the computer era. It has continued to stick with traditional control charts on the quality variables and ignored this rich source of additional information on the process. This paper explores some of the reasons for this and argues that the SPC community must adapt rapidly or lose control of the field to scientists and engineers. The paper also tries to induce statisticians into looking more seriously at the many unsolved problems in this area of reduced rank multivariate statistics.     

中学素质教育现状与应对措施分析

纵观中学素质教育的现状,所谓素质教育不过是纸上谈兵,根本就没有得到稳固的落实。是什么原因造成中学素质教育不能够有效的进行,本文将对此进行分析,并提出相应的解决措施。     

应用价值工程方法评价高校教学质量

高等学校的第一要务是不断提高教学质量。本文试图运用价值工程法对高等学校教学质量进行评估 ,以一定时期内教育投入作为费用支出 ,以其教学业绩作为功能 ,再把这些指标予以量化进行价值分析 ,作了新的探索。     

电能质量分析仪示值误差的测量不确定度评定

电能质量分析仪是采用虚拟仪器技术和软测量技术的设计思想而研制的,既可以作为发电企业对厂内电能质量检测的重要设备,也可作为供电部门对配电网用户进行电能质量检测的重要设备,以监测配电网用户对电网电能造成的污染情况。因此,它的应用领域十分广阔。文章时电能质量分析仪的测量结果的不确定度分析过程进行了介绍。