持续经营假设与审计意见关系的实证分析

本文采用实证研究方法，分析被审计单位持续经营假设对注册会计师的审计意见的影响，并从持续经营能力判别因素变量中，找出四个与非标准审计意见显著相关的指标变量进行分析，试图为注册会计师控制执业风险提供一种定量分析思路，以期提高注册会计师持续经营审计的准确性。     

审计师能恰当发表持续经营非标意见吗?——基于2003—2013年深沪A股数据分析北大核心

文章以2003——2013年上市A股为研究对象,分析了注册会计师是否能够正确识别公司持续经营能力存在疑虑的严重程度,恰当出具持续经营审计意见。研究结果发现,被出具不同类型的持续经营非标审计意见在反映公司持续经营能力的财务指标上有显著的差异。研究还发现,被ST公司的性质会影响注册会计师出具持续经营审计意见。结果表明,注册会计师能够正确识别公司持续经营能力存在疑虑的严重程度,同时能够恰当地出具相应的审计意见。     

金融危机环境下持续经营审计的策略

对企业持续经营能力进行判断和评价,是注册会计师进行财务报告审计时必须考虑的重要内容,也是政府监管部门关注的一个焦点问题。对此中国注册会计师协会2006年发布了《中国注册会计师审计准则1324号——持续经营》。2009年1月国际审计与鉴证准则理事会(IAASB)发布了一项新的实务提示《在当前经济环境下对持续经营的审计考虑》,其目的是协助审计师和管理层在评估企业持续经营能力的过程中应对当前金融危机带来的独特挑战。在当前金融危机环境下,持续经营不确定的信息是相关利益各方最为关心的问题。金融危机的发生导致被审计单位持续经营的不确定性增大,很多不确定性没有历史数据或以往经验可以参考,导致被审计单位、投资者乃至注册会计师的风险大幅提高。就此,本文探讨了金融危机环境下注册会计师行业在企业持续经营审计中所面临的挑战及对策。     

关于修订《独立审计具体准则第17号——持续经营》的说明

修订的背景《独立审计具体准则第17号——持续经营》自1999年7月1日起施行后，对注册会计师针对被审计单位的持续经营能力恰当地发表审计意见具有明显的规范作用。但另一方面，也有不尽人如意之处。根据统计，从1997年到2001年，约有150份审计报告明确提及了上市公司的持续经营能力问题。其中55份为无法表示意见，4份为否定意见，61份为保留意见，30份为带说明段无保留意见。许多注册会计师在带说明段无保留意见中或在保留意见段之后增加说明段来提及持续经营能力问题，也有相当一部分注册会计师在无法表示意见的审计报告中提及持续经营能力…     

浅析持续经营审计的特殊性——兼议《独立审计具体准则第17号——持续经营（修订）》

注册会计师对财务报告进行审计,其审计范围涵盖对持续经营基础的审计和以此为基础的财务报告其他内容的审计。在国内外审计实践中,一系列典型案件表明:最大的审计风险来源于被审计单位的经营失败,如何降低源于经营失败的审计风险成为审计职业界的一大难题。注册会计师在进行财务报告审计时,必须充分关注被审计单位编制财务报告是否科学合理地建立在持续经营基础之上,并以此作为发表审计意见的重要依据。本文拟对持续经营审计的特殊性进行探讨,并对中国注册会计师协会发布的《独立审计具体准则第17号——持续经营(修订)》(征求意见稿)提出一点建议。     

会计主体持续经营的不确定性与审计意见类型

第三批独立审计具体准则第１７号,持续经营审计已于１９９９年７月１日起正式施行,这表明持续经营审计已受到各方关注。本文简要介绍美国注册会计师在持续经营审计中的审计意见类型决策,期能对国内审计界有所裨益。持续经营,是指企业或会计主体的生产经营活动将无限期地延续下去,即在合理的时期内（通常指一年内）,企业不会清算、解散、倒闭。会计核算使用的一系列会计处理方法都是建立在持续经营基础之上的。如果会计主体的持续经营能力存在重大问题,会计工作,包括会计报表,就需要适当调整以反映这种情况,注册会计师有责任对被审计单位在合…     

对注册会计师关注企业持续经营能力的若干思考

本文根据新修订审计准则的要求,详细论述了注册会计师评价企业持续经营假设的责任,企业持续经营假设不再合理的迹象,重点提出了注册会计师对持续经营假设应实施的专门审计程序,并对出具审计报告时应注意的各种问题做了列示与提醒。     

持续经营假设对审计意见的影响

在竞争激烈的市场环境中,企业持续经营不确定性问题日渐突出,成为利益相关者最为关注的问题,同时也对注册会计师审计产生了重要影响。文章依据沪深两市A股上市公司2009年的年报资料,采用实证研究方法,对持续经营假设和审计意见之间的关系作研究。     

分析注册会计师自身错误承担审计责任的成因及对策

注册会计师由于未按照规定的审计准则而提出了不合理的审计意见而承担的责任被称为注册会计师自身错误承担审计责任.注册会计师如果没有遵守职业道德,没有详细了解被审计单位的经营情况,审计程序不规范,都会承担相应的审计责任.注册会计师在不违背审计准则的基础上应提高风险管理能力,仔细研究被审计单位的经营情况,承接在自己胜任范围之内的业务,具备独立判断的能力,合理的运用分析和函证程序.     

企业内部财务报表审计中容易出现的问题分析与解决措施

务报表审计是注册会计师最基本的、法定的业务,注册会计师执行该业务的风险是对经审计的财务报丧发表不恰当意见的可能性,审计风险的存在,不仅增加了注册会计师的审计成本,降低了社会各界对注册会计师职业的信任,也影响到注册会计师职业的生存与发展。本文对企业内部财务报表审计中容易出现的问题分析与解决措施作些探讨。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.