股权制衡与公司绩效关系研究——来自创业板的经验证据

本文以创业板上市公司数据检验了股权制衡与公司绩效的关系;运用回归分析法,以ROE作为公司绩效的度量指标,考察创业板上市公司股权制衡度对公司绩效的影响。研究结果表明,股权制衡度与公司绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系,说明在创业板公司中,制衡的股权结构在公司治理中仍然能够发挥正向的促进作用。     

上市公司资本结构、股权结构与公司绩效的关系研究

随着企业经营权和所有权的分离,产生了现代公司治理问题,一度成为学者们研究的热点.本文以创业板上市公司为研究对象,通过回归分析研究我国创业板上市公司的资本结构、股权结构与公司绩效的关系,得出结论:我国创业板上市公司的资产负债率与企业绩效存在负相关关系,股权集中度与公司绩效存在倒U型关系,股权制衡有利于提高企业绩效.     

董事会群体断裂带、股权集中度与公司创新战略

创新战略是企业为应对市场竞争,满足顾客需求,实施创新活动的一种整体规划或者方案,公司创新战略制定受董事会决策的影响。基于团队断裂带理论,将董事会群体断裂带区分为生理特征断裂带和任务相关断裂带,选取创业板上市公司为研究样本,基于2013—2017年样本公司相关数据,研究董事会群体断裂带与创新战略之间的关系,并通过引入股权集中度这一调节变量,探究股权集中度在董事会群体断裂带对创新战略影响过程中的作用,得到以下结论：①董事会生理特征断裂带与公司创新战略之间具有负相关关系;②董事会任务相关断裂带与公司创新战略之间具有正相关关系;③股权集中度在生理特征断裂带与创新战略关系中起正向调节作用;④股权集中度在任务相关断裂带与创新战略关系中起负向调节作用。研究结论对企业选聘董事会成员、提高创新战略决策质量以及完善公司治理机制具有借鉴意义。     

我国上市公司研发投资问题研究

本文以我国2007-2013年上市公司为样本,实证研究了我国上市公司管理层股权激励、风险偏好与企业研发投资之间的关系.结果发现,管理层股权激励和风险偏好对公司研发投资均具有正向影响;并且管理层股权激励对风险偏好与研发投资之间正向相关关系的调节作用显著,管理层风险偏好对股权激励与研发投资之间正向相关关系的调节作用也显著.     

高管持股变动、技术创新与公司价值——基于不同产权性质的比较

以2012—2019年A股上市公司数据为样本，对高管持股变动、技术创新与公司价值的关系进行分析。结果表明：技术创新投入与产出对公司价值均具有正向影响，并且高管持股变动对上述影响具有显著正向调节作用。对不同产权性质公司而言，国有上市公司技术创新活动对公司价值的影响和高管持股变动对该影响的调节作用显著低于非国有上市公司。基于上述结论，从政府补贴、公司高管业绩考核和股权激励等方面提出相关建议。     

董事会群体断裂带、股权集中度与公司创新战略——来自创业板上市公司的证据

创新战略是企业为应对市场竞争,满足顾客需求,实施创新活动的一种整体规划或者方案,公司创新战略制定受董事会决策的影响。基于团队断裂带理论,将董事会群体断裂带区分为生理特征断裂带和任务相关断裂带,选取创业板上市公司为研究样本,基于2013—2017年样本公司相关数据,研究董事会群体断裂带与创新战略之间的关系,并通过引入股权集中度这一调节变量,探究股权集中度在董事会群体断裂带对创新战略影响过程中的作用,得到以下结论:①董事会生理特征断裂带与公司创新战略之间具有负相关关系;②董事会任务相关断裂带与公司创新战略之间具有正相关关系;③股权集中度在生理特征断裂带与创新战略关系中起正向调节作用;④股权集中度在任务相关断裂带与创新战略关系中起负向调节作用。研究结论对企业选聘董事会成员、提高创新战略决策质量以及完善公司治理机制具有借鉴意义。     

上市公司股权结构与经营绩效关系的实证分析

股权结构是公司所有权的结构安排,决定着公司治理的有效性,进而影响公司业绩。本文采用深圳交易所上市公司为研究对象,分别对股权构成和股权集中度对公司绩效的影响进行实证分析。结果表明,国家股与流通股的比例与公司绩效呈显著的负相关,法人股比例与公司绩效呈显著的正相关,有无外资股对公司绩效无显著影响;不同股东在公司治理中的作用使股权集中(分散)类型对公司绩效产生显著影响,股权分散公司的绩效好于股权集中公司,法人集中公司的绩效好于国有集中公司。     

公司治理对盈余管理程度的制约作用——以所有权性质为背景的经验分析

本文使用2003～2005年来自我国证券市场的数据,利用调整的截面Jones现金流模型计量操控性应计利润,以所有权性质为背景,分别民营和国有上市公司样本对公司治理结构与盈余管理程度之间的关系进行了实证检验和比较分析。我们发现,两类公司的治理结构对其盈余管理程度的制约机制存在重大差别。具体而言,民营上市公司董事会独立性和监事会勤勉性与其盈余管理程度存在正向线性关系,而股权集中度和制衡度与盈余管理程度则存在倒U形的非线性关系。与此不同的是,国有上市公司的董事会、监事会及股权结构对盈余管理程度的制约作用均不显著。而表征机构投资者的哑变量却与国有上市公司的盈余管理程度存在正向的线性关系。     

基于结构方程模型的我国上市公司股权结构

本文采用结构方程模型,选取我国100个上市公司数据,研究了股权结构与公司绩效之间的关系,结果显示,股权集中度时公司绩效有正向影响.因此,在我国当前的经济转轨时期,不必一味寻求股权分散化,保持一定的股权集中在现阶段制度不完善的情况下,虽说可能会带来一些负面效应,但是总体上有利于公司绩效的改善.     

创始型家族企业股权集中度与现金股利关系实证研究

股权集中度与股利政策关系的研究也是股权结构与公司股利政策研究中最为重要的研究课题。在所有权和经营权分离的情况下，控股股东与其他股东之间存在两种相反的效应：利益协同效应和利益侵占效应。Shleifer和Vishny认为股价上涨带来的财富使二者的利益趋于一致，控股股东有动力采取有利于公司价值的行为，而利益侵占效应的发生归因于二者之间的利益冲突。本文认为，在同样为所有者控制的创始家族公司和非创始家族公司，大股东选择与外部投资者建立代理关系或当家关系对股权集中度与公司股利政策的关系将产生不同的影响。分析这种差别化的影响机制有助于深化对家族上市公司股权集中度与公司股利政策相互关系的理解。     

Competition and ownership structure: Substitutes or complements? Evidence from the Warsaw Stock Exchange

In this paper we analyse the impact of product market competition and ownership structure on firm performance. Our results show that product market competition has a positive and significant impact on performance. Concerning the effect of ownership concentration, we find a U–shaped relationship with performance. Firms with relatively dispersed and relatively concentrated ownership have higher productivity growth than firms with an intermediate level of ownership concentration. This correlation between concentration of ownership and productivity growth is not explained by the type of the controlling shareholder. Finally, product market competition and good governance tend to reinforce each other rather than to be substitutes. Competition has no significant effect on performance for the firms with ‘poor’ governance; on the contrary, it has a significant positive effect in the case of firms with ‘good’ corporate governance. JEL classification: D24, G32, L1, P2.     

Entry and exit as a source of aggregate productivity growth in two alternative technological regimes

This paper proposes a neo-Schumpeterian model in order to discuss how the mechanisms of entry and exit contribute to industry productivity growth in alternative technological regimes. Our central hypothesis is that new firms generate gains in aggregate productivity by increasing both the productivity level and competition intensity. By assuming that firms learn about the relevant technology through a variety of sources, and by allowing a continuous flow of entry and exit into the market, our study shows that firm exit and output contraction take mostly place among less productive firms, while output expansion and entry are concentrated among the more efficient ones. The greater is the competitive pressure generated by new entrants, the higher is the expected productivity level of established firms. Overall, our analysis suggests that micro analysis is the proper complement to aggregate industry studies, as it provides a considerable insight into the causes of productivity growth.     

Productivity change and its determinants among leading mobile operators in Europe

The European mobile telecommunications industry has seen increased competition and market saturation in recent years, so improving productivity will become crucially important for mobile operators in the near future. This study adopts a bootstrap Malmquist index approach to estimate productivity change among a sample of 23 of Europe's leading mobile operators over the 2008 to 2009 period. Using a second-stage regression, this article also analyses the determinants of productivity changes in terms of regulation, competition and ownership structure. The results show that mobile companies operating in countries that have recently joined the EU have a positive association with productivity change, in contrast to their counterparts in South-East Europe. Concerning market competition, the leading mobile operators that experience higher productivity changes operate in more concentrated markets. The results also indicate that international mobile operators perform better in terms of productivity change than their national equivalents. Finally, some of the implications of the findings for mobile operators’ management and policymakers are provided.     

The reallocation of workers and jobs in Russian industry

Gross job and worker flows in Russian industry are studied using panel data from a survey of 530 firms selected through national probability sampling. The data permit examination of several crucial measurement issues, including the timing and definition of employment and the role of reorganizations, and they contain rich information on firm characteristics. We find that new and reorganized firms display larger flows than unreorganized enterprises. Product market dispersion and managerial and dispersed outsider ownership are associated with greater worker churning, and unionization and concentrated outsider ownership with less. There is little evidence that the average firm's employment adjustments have become more responsive to adjustment costs during the transition, but private ownership and product market competition appear to increase responsiveness. JEL Classifications: E24, J23, J63, P23, P31.     

Evolving corporate governance and the dividends behaviour regime in Japan

This study investigates empirically the implications which the changing ownership structure and control transfers in the Japanese corporate market may have for the dividend policy of listed firms. The results show that firms with more concentrated ownership may distribute fewer dividends, as ownership concentration reduces distribution pressure from the capital market. Moreover, we show that institutional shareholding, both financial and non-financial, enables corporations to pay lesser dividends and also that the unwinding of the cross-shareholdings allows for efficiency gain and provides impetus to pay higher dividends. The recent pattern of increasing individual shareholding, both of domestic and foreign private individuals, is consistently associated with a higher dividend payment. Furthermore, managerial ownership has negative effects on dividends payouts and is not associated with the earnings of firms. The results suggest that government ownership does not have any significant impact on the payment of dividends. Moreover, our results support the principle of the dividends relevancy and the choice of an appropriate dividends policy affects the value of the firm.     

GROWTH,INTER‐INDUSTRY AND INTRA‐INDUSTRY COMPETITION AND WELFARE*

In this paper we introduce strategic interaction between firms in an R&D growth model which captures both the intra‐industry competition between firms operating within an industry and the inter‐industry competition between firms in different industries. We show that the more substitutable the goods produced within each industry (across industries) are, that is, the more intense the intra‐industry (inter‐industry) competition, the higher is the growth rate. In the comparison between social optimum and a decentralized economy, it is shown that the market outcome is characterized by inefficiently high entry of firms within each industry and insufficient productivity growth.     

Who Benefits from Foreign Direct Investment in the UK?

The presumed higher productivity of foreign firms and resulting spillovers to domestic firms has led governments to offer financial incentives to foreign firms. We investigate if there is any productivity or wage gap between foreign and domestic firms in the UK and if the presence of foreign firms in a sector raises the productivity of domestic firms. Our results indicate that foreign firms do have higher productivity than domestic firms and they pay higher wages. We find no aggregate evidence of intra‐industry spillovers. However, firms with low productivity relative to the sector average, in low‐skill low foreign competition sectors gain less from foreign firms.     

Ownership,competition, and bank productivity: An analysis of Indian banking in the post-reform period

This paper investigates the effect of ownership and competition on Indian bank productivity since the 1991 reforms. We find that Indian private banks dominate the public and foreign banks both in terms of productivity levels and productivity growth, with the new Indian private banks leading the charge. Competition has a positive impact on productivity for the old Indian private banks, and all the other banks are hurt by competition — the worst hit being new Indian private banks. A similar picture emerges on the productivity growth side, with the new Indian private bank productivity growth being the worst affected as competition increases. An analysis of the pre- and post-1998 periods shows that the latter period displays a much higher productivity gap between the Indian private banks and the public and foreign banks. Indian private bank productivity and productivity growth suffer due to increasing competition in the post-1998 period.     

Taxation and Capital Structure Choice: The Role of Ownership

Applying firm fixed‐effects estimations to European firm‐level data, I analyze how ownership structure affects the relationship between taxation and capital structure. I find that an increase in the corporate tax rate affects the debt‐to‐assets ratio positively, and that this effect is stronger for firms with concentrated ownership. These results hold independently of whether firms are standalone or subsidiaries, and are also valid if subsidiaries are divided into those that are foreign‐owned and those domestically owned. Lastly, ownership plays a role even when controlling for other potentially important determinants of the relation between corporate taxation and capital structure.     

Ad valorem versus unit taxes: monopolistic competition, heterogeneous firms, and intra-industry reallocations

Real-world industries are composed from heterogeneous firms and substantial intra-industry reallocations take place, i.e. high productivity firms squeeze out low productivity firms. Previous tax-tool comparisons have not included these central forces of industry structure. This paper examines a general equilibrium monopolistic competition model with heterogeneous firms and intra-industry reallocations. We show that the welfare superiority of ad valorem over unit taxes under imperfect competition is not only preserved but amplified. The additional difference between the tools arises because unit taxes distort relative prices, which in turn reduces average industry productivity through reallocations (the survival and increased market share of lower productivity firms). Importantly, numerical solutions of the model reveal that the relative welfare loss from using the unit tax increases dramatically in the degree of firm heterogeneity.