浅谈如何在贫困山区开展消防执法工作

文章结合在贫困山区开展消防监督执法工作的经验,针对标准更高、处罚更严的新《消防法》及其配套法律法规的颁布实行与贫困山区经济发展相对落后、消防基础设施薄弱、单位经营普遍困难、公民法律意识不强之间的矛盾,提出日常加强法律法规宣传、执法时做好思想工作、执法后悉心帮扶、注重部门联动发挥执法最大效力4点对策。     

Optimal law enforcement when victims are rational players

The economic analysis of crime usually views a victim as a passive party whose role is limited to suffering harm. In this paper, we extend the economic theory of law enforcement by modeling victims as an active party in criminal deterrence. First, they may take some precautions to avoid victimization. Second, they may or may not report their victimization. The lack of reporting weakens law enforcement and criminal deterrence by reducing detection rates. This suggests that victims could be encouraged to report by being paid a compensation. Nevertheless, compensating victims certainly reduces precaution. We argue that such effect never offsets the gains obtained in terms of criminal detection and apprehension. Received: December 1998 / Accepted: January 2000     

实现依法治档之浅见

当前,依法治档还存在力度不够、制度不健全等问题。要推进依法治档,档案部门必须加大《档案法》宣传力度,营造良好的档案工作氛围,完善档案约束机制以及做好档案执法队伍建设等工作,档案管理才能真正做到有法可依、有法必依、执法必严。     

Competition in law enforcement and capital allocation

This paper studies inter-jurisdictional competition in the fight against crime and its impact on occupational choice and the allocation of capital. In a world where capital is mobile, jurisdictions are inhabited by individuals who choose to become either workers or criminals. Because the return of the two occupations depends on capital, and because investment in capital in a jurisdiction depends on its crime rate, there is a bi-directional relationship between capital investment and crime which may lead to capital concentration. By investing in costly law enforcement, a jurisdiction makes the choice of becoming a criminal less attractive, which in turn reduces the number of criminals and makes its territory more secure. This increased security increases the attractiveness of the jurisdiction for investors and this can eventually translate into more capital being invested. We characterize the Nash equilibria—some entailing a symmetric outcome, others an asymmetric one—and study their efficiency.     

试论行政指导在海事管理中的作用

海事管理机构是法律、法规授权而行使特定行政职能的行政主体,在实际工作中也大量地采用说服、教育、示范、劝告、建议、协商、政策指导、提供经费帮助、提供知识、技术帮助等非强制性手段和方法,即行政指导行为。获得相对人的同意或协助,以实现一定行政管理目的,在海事管理过程中起着补充和替代、辅导和促进、协调和疏通、预防和抑制等积极作用。     

贴钢法加固桥梁技术探讨

文章探讨了贴钢法加固桥梁的机理,提出了贴钢法加固桥梁的结构设计方法、施工工艺要点及验收办法。     

On the optimality of nonmaximal fines in the presence of corruptible law enforcers

In this paper, we develop a model of law enforcement with the possibility of corruption between enforcers and potential offenders. We study how the violation rate changes with the level of the fine imposed on violations. We find, in contrast to the conventional wisdom, that the fine level that minimizes violations can be intermediate rather than large. We then study conditions under which different fine levels would be optimal.      

Counter-intuitive effects of domestic law enforcement policies in the United States

In spite of the increase in domestic law enforcement policies in the U.S. drug related crime has followed a non-monotonic trend and cocaine and heroin prices, instead of increasing, have been dropping or remained stable over time. All this in a context of an increase in these drugs’ consumption during the 1980s and a small decrease during the 1990s. This paper provides an explanation to these counter-intuitive effects of domestic law enforcement policies. We model how drug lords respond to this type of policy within a conflict framework over the control of distribution activities for illegal drugs, which is novel. The model predicts drug distribution activities, drug prices and drug consumption. These predictions appear to be consistent with the empirical evidence in the United States.     

The Theory of Optimal Law Enforcement

The economic literature on optimal law enforcement is very recent. Becker's seminal paper on crime and law enforcement dates from 1968 and most papers which are the focus of this survey have been published in the last ten years.The core result presented by Becker is the following: the probability and the severity of punishment deter crime. Therefore, the fine should be maximal since it is a costless transfer whereas the probability of detection and conviction is costly. Much of the recent work has attempted to show why Becker's result may not hold.     

探讨消防监督执法检查中常见问题及对策

本文分析了当前消防监督执法检查中常见的问题,探讨了解决这些问题的相应对策,以此更好地保障消防安全。     

加强和改进当前消防执法工作的措施和意见

从法规体系、落实力度、宣传手段、执法行为等方面讨论如何加强和改进消防执法工作。     

加强法治建设 提高路政执法能力

依法治路是构建和谐交通的重要特征。没有规范化的法治建设就不可能有和谐的交通秩序,要保障良好的高速公路运营环境,促进社会发展和经济发展,就必须加强法制建设,提高路政执法能力,全面提升路政管理水平和服务水平,努力实现“端正执法理念,坚持文明执法,改进执法作风,坚持公正执法,规范执法行为,坚持严格执法”的目标。     

论法律比较研究之方法

比较方法是比较法学运用的重要方法,本文在讨论比较方法的思维特征的基础上,探讨比较法学的研究对象与目标,分析法律比较方法的类型、原则、程序,本文还探讨了比较法学理论在中国法制建设中的作用地位,剖析了法律比较方法的规则及价值。     

谈我国教育行政执法的建设与发展策略

教育行政执法是国家有效管理教育事业的重要手段,是教育行政机关依法行政的主要形式,是贯彻执行有关教育法律法规的根本途径,是促进教育事业全面、协调和可持续发展的可靠保障。本文认真探讨了加强我国教育行政执法的重要性,并提出了一些发展建议。     

论法制变迁与会计准则的执行

从国内现状的分析来看,中国会计管制中对计划一指令的强调使得在法律的认识上表现为关注法律的制定而非法律的执行。不同于英美会计准则制定时对于实务界需求的充分关注,虽然中国采取了相关的意见稿公布、听证等民主程序,但是民意表达的被动和对计划一指令的路径依赖使得强制性变迁下形成的中国企业会计准则面临与社会环境相适应的问题。会计准则的适应性问题是中国法制传统形成方式下的产物,也是有待实践进一步划清的事情。但是对会计信息质量状况改进的紧迫性促使目前会计管制的重心转向会计准则的执行。     

浅谈交通运输行政执法文书的规范

本文通过阐述交通运输行政执法文书的重要性,分析文书制作过程中存在的问题,同时对文书制作与使用不规范的原因进行分析,并提出相应的政策建议。     

加强法治建设 提高路政执法能力

依法治路是构建和谐交通的重要特征。没有规范化的法治建设就不可能有和谐的交通秩序,要保障良好的高速公路运营环境,促进社会发展和经济发展,就必须加强法制建设,提高路政执法能力,全面提升路政管理水平和服务水平,努力实现端正执法理念,坚持文明执法,改进执法作风,坚持公正执法,规范执法行为,坚持严格执法的目标。     

分析我国环境行政执法难的现状和对策

环境行政执法作为环境法制的有机组成部分,有着十分重要的作用。目前国民的守法意识虽有一定的提高,但是与发达国家相比而言,还有着一定的差距。本文主要分析我国目前环境行政执法工作中存在的问题并提出相应的对策。     

浅谈海事行政执法文书的规范制作

行政主体依法作出具体行政行为的表现形式,是保障行政机关行政行为立于不败之地的证据。因此,海事行政执法文书的规范制作也是海事执法的有机组成部分。