春季水产养殖关键技术和管理措施

<正>一年之计在于春,做好春季水产养殖工作,使渔业生产有一个良好开端,是每年水产养殖首先考虑的大事。就一般养殖技术来讲,笔者根据多年生产实际,建议应着重做好以下六项工作:     

汛期过后水产养殖管理要点

<正>汛期过后,要及时修复池埂、围网、机械等生产设施,通过清塘、拉网或投饵诱鱼的方式检查、摸底,测算养殖水体中养殖水产动物的留存量,采取正确补救措施,把损失减少到最低限度。在水产养殖管理上,要抓好以下工作:     

水产养殖发展与法制建设

水产养殖业法制建设问题正日益受到社会各界的关注.本文简要分析我国水产养殖业发展存在问题,以及目前几个主要养殖管理制度的实施情况,并对今后的法制建设提出对策措施.     

水产健康养殖纵横谈(之四) 无公害水产品的市场准入管理

为了确保无公害水产品的质量，加强市场准入管理，将不符合无公害标准和不利于人体健康的水产品拒之于市场门外，既是维护消费者权益，树立无公害水产品良好形象的需要，也是促进无公害水产品生产健康发展的有效途径。     

水产养殖水质管理最重要

当前水产养殖正面临着巨大的困难，主要有五个：水质恶化、病害泛滥、种质退化、成本增加(饲料、塘租贵)、鱼价不稳。其中最主要是水质恶化。而水产养殖的自然污染与自身污染的主要原因有以下七种：     

夏季水产养殖管理

夏季是水产养殖的黄金季节，由于这段时期水温高，鱼虾等水产养殖品种摄食旺盛、新陈代谢加快，生长最快，同时，这一阶段各种鱼病也比较多，因此，夏季水产养殖管理非常重要，直接关系到全年水产养殖的产出规格、产量和效益。     

常见水产养殖品种的越冬管理

<正> 秋末冬初,随着温度逐渐下降,各种水产养殖品种逐渐由旺食转入少食、停食,直至进入冬眠阶段。当水温降至10℃左右时,一方面要及时做好已达商品规格的养殖品种起捕上市工作;另一方面要抓好未上市养殖对象的管理,保证它们安全越冬。现将鱼、虾、蟹、蛙等常见养殖品种越冬管理技术综述如下: 鱼种:鱼池面积以2—6亩,水深2米左右为宜,池面背风向阳,亩放鱼种2万尾。在     

关键时期水产养殖的管理举要

鱼、虾、蟹等水产养殖动物属变温动物,在一定范围内温度越高,活动越频繁,摄食越旺盛,生长也越快,抓住生长的关键时期的饲养管理,是提高养殖产量和效益的重要措施。1、投足饵料进入夏季,尤其是6、7、8、9四个月水温高,养殖动物新陈代谢旺盛,是其生长的关键时期,此时要针对各养殖     

梅雨季节水产养殖管理应加强

<正> 1、注意天气变化,及时增氧换水。黄梅天常出现雷雨和闷热天气,气压较低,加上水温持续升高,鱼虾等摄食量增大,排泄物也增多,水质极易恶化,造成缺氧。因此,每天要及时开增氧机增氧。如碰到异常天气,应适当延长开机增氧时间,以保证池内有足够的溶氧量。同时,要勤换新水,隔天换去底层水10-15cm,促进池塘上下层水体交换,维持水质稳定。     

济宁地区酱菜中乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定

目的:对从酱菜中筛选出的优质乳酸菌进行形态学观察、探究其最适生长pH,并筛选出降解亚硝酸盐能力强的乳酸菌株。方法:采用平板计数法进行菌数测定,采用革兰染色法对乳酸菌进行观察,利用分光光度法测定乳酸菌在不同PH培养液中OD值。结果:从酱菜中提取出的乳酸菌为革兰氏阳性菌,最适生长pH为6。最终分离得到降解亚硝酸盐能力强的LD-1乳酸菌。结论:酱菜含有乳酸菌并成功筛选出降解亚硝酸盐能力强的乳酸菌。     

借鉴马耳他的成功经验,发展我国海岛旅游业

海岛旅游吸引了世界大量游客。我国海岛众多。旅游资源丰富且亟待开发;分析了马耳他的成功经验。主要包括政府的作用、知名度的扩大、基础设施和服务水平的提高以及环境保护等方面;分析了我国海岛地区发展旅游业的现状和存在的问题,提出了开发我国海岛旅游的建议。     

Bioeconomic analysis of protected area use in fisheries management*

Protected areas in fishery management have been suggested to hedge management failures and variation in harvests. In this paper, a stochastic bioeconomic model of a two-species fishery in the Manning Bioregion is used to test the performance of protected areas as a management tool in a fishery. The establishment of a protected area is analysed under the assumption of heterogenous environments that are linked via density-dependent or sink-source stock dispersal relationships. The sensitivity of the results to different degrees of management is also explored. The model is applied to the Ocean Prawn Trawl, and Ocean Trap and Line fisheries within Manning Bioregion in New South Wales, Australia. The focus of the study is placed on the biological and institutional characteristics that yield benefits to the fishery. It was found that protected area use in the Manning Bioregion is likely to have differing effects on the two fisheries examined, benefiting Ocean Trap and Line fishers but adversely affecting Ocean Prawn Trawl fishers. Overall, it is unlikely that protected area use will lead to an increase resource rent in the fishery.     

渔业管理中捕捞配额制度比较研究及启示

如何开展配额制度的实施工作为我国渔业的可持续发展创造一个良好的制度框架,是近几年来我国相关领域学者们着重研究的一项课题。本文通过分析冰、美、加三国相关配额制度(quota-based management systems),结合我国国情对我国配额制度的选择、配额制度的实施机构、总可捕量的确定、配额分配方式的选择以及配额制度的监督执法给出了自己的观点。     

澳大利亚的渔业管理与信息技术应用

本文介绍了澳大利亚自然经济概况、管理体制、渔业资源保护及安全生产管理等内容与方法.同时介绍了澳大利亚的信息系统建设，包括船舶监控系统、海洋环境与资源信息系统、配额管理及互动式语音报告系统等内容.通过对比分析，研究了中澳在渔业管理的异同之处，及加强我国渔业管理的一些建议。     

我国淡水养殖业科技进步贡献率测算分析

改革开放以来,中国淡水养殖业快速发展,在我国养殖业和农业中的地位不断提高,并成为世界水产业发展中突出的进展之一。科技的快速进步在支撑中国淡水养殖业快速发展中起到了非常重要的作用。本文利用C—D生产函数对我国淡水养殖业科技进步贡献率进行了测算,结果表明：总体上,1990～2007年我国淡水养殖业科技进步贡献率为60．87％,贡献率较高;分地区来看,地区差异显著,东部最高且高于全国平均水平,西部高于中部且都低于全国平均水平;从时间上看,淡水养殖科技进步贡献率总体呈增长趋势,但近几年明显放缓。     

日本琵琶湖治理的管理措施对太湖的启示

在借鉴琵琶湖管理经验的基础上,总结和评价太湖的管理措施,并提出建立新型管理体制综合规划管理;重视协商和公众参与管理等对太湖治理的管理措施,以完善太湖管理体系。     

有效的管理与经济效益--浅析湖南省地矿局属地化四年的财务资产管理实践

文章在简要描述了湖南省地矿局属地化以来的几年中经济增长质量与效益稳步提高的基本情况后,对其创新管理理念,实施集中财权等六项财务资产管理的实践作了系统地介绍,分析了有效的财务资产管理对提高经济效益的贡献。     

渔船欠薪纠纷形势分析

良好的渔业佣工秩序是支撑我国渔业健康可持续发展的关键环节。本文以山东省威海市渔业调访结果为基础,对渔业佣工欠薪的现状、特征、形成机制与危害进行了初步分析。结果显示,大马力渔船的发展加剧了渔业佣工缺口,大量内地人员进入船员佣工市场;渔船欠薪纠纷逐年升高,船主经营不善、薪酬发放机制不规范、恶意欠薪等是渔船欠薪纠纷产生的主要来源;个体船东与内地佣工构成欠薪纠纷的主要当事方。规范渔业佣工市场,加强外来人员职业技能培训,强化和健全相关监管机制,推进渔船组织化建设,加强法制宣传,依法治理是解决渔船欠薪问题的有效对策。     

Multifunctional forest management in Northern Portugal: Moving from scenarios to governance for sustainable development

If there is a strong argument in favour of multifunctional forest management, there is also controversy regarding the types of multifunctionality able to instil virtuous circles across landscapes. Managing forests in such a way that user groups, sustainability practitioners and forestry institutions all agree to, is not easy. For any reliable consensus to occur, via viable landscape design procedures, through which multiple functions (production, environmental protection and recreation) may be coordinated by means of innovative planning, there is a need to negotiate a set of common objectives and shared responsibilities. This paper examines the policy dimensions of multifunctional forest management, and, through an exploratory case study, proposes an approach for cooperative planning and institutional design. The case study involved two parishes in the Minho region of Portugal (Gavieira and Entre Ambos-os-Rios) combining the local communities, the National Park, and local forestry officers. The case study created, developed and validated two scenario storylines through a series of participatory processes (two focus group meetings, one comprehensive workshop, and one expert meeting). One scenario focussed on continuity of the traditional management patterns, with an emphasis on direct goods such as timber and livestock grazing (traditional multifunctionality). The other concentrated on indirect ecological services, such as soil and water protection, as well as carbon sequestration (new multifunctionality). An attempt was also made to implement the scenario storylines through initiating a pilot project in both of the case study areas. However, there were neither robust planning mechanisms nor adaptive governance systems with the capacity to put into place forest management “futures” likely to deliver more sustainable landscape-scale uses in these areas. This paper illustrates the difficulties in forging governance systems that have the capacity and the vision to be able to put sustainable development concepts into practice, even when a coherent package of planning measures are tried out, given a policy setting that is confused, contradictory, and where the “status quo” tends to be given prominence.