辽宁省玉米产业发展现状与对策研究

本文介绍了辽宁玉米产业现状,通过对辽宁省玉米产业目前存在问题的分析,提出了今后一段时期辽宁省玉米产业发展的思路和对策:加强种子基地建设、夯实种子生产基础;良种与良法相结合、提高玉米种植水平;提高机械化利用水平、提升玉米生产效率;加强配套技术推广、特种玉米的产业化开发;重视科技和教育、提高农民素质;注重产后加工、拓宽商品粮销售渠道.     

辽宁省玉米产业发展中的农业多功能性问题

农业多功能性理念的发展,突破了对传统农业的认识局限.从农业多功能性的角度审视辽宁省的玉米产业,突破传统的经济范畴,对玉米产业在辽宁省国民经济发展的地位和作用做以全新的解读.     

适应新的要求做大6项产业

当前,面临加入 WTO 后的新形势,市场需求和消费结构的新变化,对农业结构的战略性调整提出了新要求。适应这种新的要求,从我们省的情况看。要把6项产业做强、做大。一、适应入世要求,把专用,特用、饲用玉米产业做强做大加入 WTO 以后,我国经济既迎来了发展机遇,也面临严峻挑战。就我省农业现实情况分析,机遇是潜在的,挑战是现实的,挑战比机遇来得更快、更直接,在短期内将受到冲击最大。其中,影响最大的是玉米产业。所以,我省在结构调整中的当务之急是解决好玉米产业的生产规模、品种结构和发展方向。在适当调减玉米种植面积的同时,要积极发展玉米专用品种专业化     

辽宁省玉米生产现状、主要问题及解决途径

本文从辽宁省玉米生产现状入手,分析总结了辽宁省玉米供求关系、播种面积、单产和总产变化,分析总结了辽宁省现阶段玉米生产中存在的主要问题,并针对问题提出了解决途径。     

构筑畜牧大产业谋求行业快发展--关于加快辽宁省畜牧业发展的调查

最近 ,我们就辽宁省畜牧业发展问题做了调查。从调查的情况看 ,辽宁省畜牧业具有很大的发展潜力 ,在农业结构战略调整中应加快发展 ,尽快把这个产业做大做强。　　一、加深对畜牧业地位认识 ,把畜牧业发展成一个大产业　　畜牧业的发展水平是衡量农业发达程度的重要指标。一些先进国家畜牧业产值占农业总产值 60 %以上。改革开放以来 ,辽宁省畜牧业得到了较快发展。畜牧业已从为粮食生产服务转到为市场服务 ,由从属农业向相对独立产业迈进。综合生产能力明显提高 ,畜产品产量大幅度增长。畜牧业的发展 ,在促进农村经济发展 ,增加农民收入方…     

关于玉米产业经济发展战略的思考

玉米是我国重要粮食作物.本文重点研究了我国玉米产业发展的几个重要方面:玉米的生物习性与消费趋势、玉米产业布局与增产措施、玉米的加工转化增值、玉米产业发展政策保障以及海外开发策略.     

WTO背景下我国“大玉米经济”战略探讨

据目前普遍的研究结论,加入WTO后,我国玉米产业将处于比较劣势,特别是北方玉米产区将面临重大冲击,因此应实施缩小玉米生产的战略性调整。但据笔者的研究分析,中国玉米产区是世界三大玉米黄金生产带之一,具有许多显在优势和潜在优势,在国内和国际市场上比其它大宗农产品更具竞争力,因此,充分认识玉米产业的优势,发挥显在优势,发掘潜在优势,做大,做深,做精玉米产业,在WTO背景下,我国玉米产业的发展前景是广阔的。     

我国玉米加工转化现状及发展对策

我国玉米加工转化现状及发展对策柯炳繁谭向勇玉米在世界粮食生产中一直占有很重要的地位。世界上很多国家都把玉米产业的开发作为发展农业的重要手段。例如美国,玉米产量占世界总产量的一半以上,并在此基础上形成了发达的畜牧业和玉米深加工业。我国玉米播种面积和总产...     

玉米不同密度与施氮量的技术经济效果分析

玉米是辽宁省第一大粮食作物,产量丰歉对全省粮食生产和农民收入影响很大。沈阳地区种植玉米都是以磷肥做种肥施入,氮肥在大喇叭口时期追施。目前生产上主要栽培措施是调节种植密度和氮肥量。我们选用了密度和施氮肥量这两个因子作试     

关于推进玉米产业高质量发展的调研与思考——以山东玉米产业发展为例

<正>玉米是我国第一大粮食作物,在国家粮食安全中占据重要地位。山东省是全国最大的玉米加工省,也是玉米产量大省。研究山东玉米产业发展情况,制定科学发展对策,对促进农民增收、企业增效,推进全国玉米产业高质量发展具有重要借鉴意义。一、山东玉米生产情况（一）玉米种植面积和产量基本稳定     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.