区块链技术在市场监管中创新性应用与挑战

区块链技术在市场监管中的应用可以实现监管手段的创新,提升监管效能。论文从区块链技术特点和市场监管部门职能出发,归类阐述了追溯、政务服务、信用监管、网络交易监管和知识产权监管五大创新性应用场景和一些成熟案例,进一步指出了区块链在市场监管中应用的挑战,为区块链技术在市场监管领域深入应用指明了方向。     

EDITORIAL: BETTER REGULATION WITHOUT THE STATE

There has been mounting concern about the increasing level of regulation in the UK economy over the last decade or more. Regulation has significant costs and is difficult to repeal. The government has set up various bodies to examine deregulation and better regulation. This article and the other articles in this issue look at those approaches and ask whether the state should be involved to a lesser degree in regulation. In many areas, it may be appropriate for the state to withdraw altogether, either because the private sector can spontaneously develop better regulation than the state can or because the unintended costs of state regulation are so great.     

REGULATION AND THE NATURAL PROGRESS OF OPULENCE

Adam Smith taught us how government regulation can counteract the market forces that produce economic growth. Here I explore a more complex interplay between regulation and economic growth. Regulation creates behavioural incentives that weaken or offset entirely the goal of the regulation. Growth produces many of the benefits ascribed to regulation while also hiding the costs and failures of regulation.     

政府对收费公路经营企业的激励性规制研究

由于受经济区位的影响和经营规模的限制,现阶段我国收费公路经营企业总体经营效率低下,本文针对这一问题,提出政府规制机构应采取特许经营规制、路线竞争规制、直接竞争规制和社会契约规制,在收费公路经营市场引入竞争机制,促使公路经营企业通过降低运营成本、增加运营收入和提高管理效率等方式,优化资源配置,提高经营效率。     

The CAP and the Economics of Regulation

Are the effects of regulation always bad? Catherine Blight of the University of Edinburgh argues that in certain circumstances regulation can offer a ‘second-best’ solution.     

论我国经济发达地区民间借贷的发展与规制——以江苏为实证分析样本

经济发达地区民间借贷的发展具有复杂性和先行性,出现了很多规避法律和监管的结构化创新。研究经济发达地区民间借贷法律规制可以从具有代表性的客观对象中概括可取的经验,以提炼普遍性的规则,解决制度与监管的不足,保证社会的稳定发展。融资性民间借贷是现代民间借贷的常态,应当立足商法和经济法思维,坚持营业自由、过程性规制的理念,以信息披露、登记制度、利率和借贷担保为重点进行分类规制。     

亲子依恋与情绪调节关系的研究

这篇文章探讨依恋与情绪调节的关系。依恋是儿童早期社会关系的重要内容,对个体情绪调节能力的发展具有重要影响。依恋内部工作模式能够促使依恋系统在一个安全受到挑战的情境中提供情绪调节策略,使紧张的消极情绪得到调节。与依恋有关的情绪调节主要有三种,即承认并表露情感,寻求支持和供应,参与冲突和问题解决。     

Disentangling economic crisis effects from environmental regulation effects: Implications for sustainable development

With climate change becoming more severe, policy makers must impose environmental regulations that will lead firms to adopt sustainable corporate models. According to the Porter hypothesis, environmental regulation can favour the implementation of business strategies that improve economic and environmental performances. In this study, we examine how one such form of regulation, the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), impacts firm performance, and we subsequently widen the examination beyond the regulation to evaluate an economic crisis which could potentially confound regulation effects. We estimate a panel model with time- and firm-fixed effects for different subsamples that disentangle the effect of the EU ETS policy from the 2008 economic crisis. The results indicate that the EU ETS policy in its third phase can activate the Porter hypothesis and is effective in fuelling the implementation of sustainable corporate models by firms. However, we also find that the economic crisis neutralises the effects of the regulation on firm performance, precluding the triggering of the Porter hypothesis in severely affected firms.     

出租车数量管制对社会福利的影响

运用经济学的研究方法对出租车行业的数量管制问题进行了考查。研究发现,由于出租车行业具有很强的竞争性,单纯依靠市场的自发调节就能够实现该行业的资源优化配置;对出租车行业的数量管制,不但影响了出租车行业的自身发展,而且造成了社会福利损失。事实上,管制的重要原因是为了获得管制租金而不是增进社会福利。因此放宽对出租车行业的数量管制才是增进社会福利的有效选择。     

混业经营趋势下的过渡性金融监管体制改革的思考

当前,我国的金融格局发生了很大的变化,分业经营的界限逐步被突破,金融混业现象初见端倪,由此提出了要对现行金融监管模式作出适当的调整和改革的要求。文章提出了要在充分考虑我国当前混业经营趋势现状和改革成本的基础上,充分借鉴国际金融监管的经验,建立牵头式的金融监管模式,并通过行政法规等措施来加强其监管效力。     

政府监管对食品企业实施质量保证项目的影响分析

食品质量保证项目的实施对于维护消费者利益,提升产品质量具有重要意义。文章分析了政府监管下企业质量保证体系的现状,企业实施质量保障项目的动因及障碍,指出政府监管对影响企业实施食品质量保证项目具有关键作用,然后根据成本收益理论,从政府监管和企业效用方面分别进行分析,分析发现政府采取有效监管并对企业实施质量保证项目产生影响,需建立在一定条件之下,即政府监管的成本应接近于实施质量保证项目的效益水平与实际效益水平的差距;企业实施质量保证项目的净收益加上政府提供的补贴超过执行成本与补偿成本之差。此时,政府监管能促使企业实施质量保证项目。     

Efficiency and regulation: A basis for reform: 2nd annual MDE lecture,Pace University,Graduate School of Business,New York City,USA

This paper reviews the nature and consequences of regulation and attempts to provide a framework for reform. The paper argues that regulation, in addition to direct effects on the efficiency of the firm, causes changes in management orientation. These effects are analyzed for monopoly regulation and the implications for the A-J effect examined. They may be more important than A-J effects and may explain why A-J effects are not always significant. Finally, the paper discusses some proposals for reform, focusing on ways in which the transactions costs of regulation can be reduced while preserving it as a governance structure.     

Corruption, institutions and regulation

We analyze the effects of corruption and institutional quality on the quality of business regulation. Our key findings indicate that corruption negatively affects the quality of regulation and that general institutional quality is insignificant once corruption is controlled for. These findings hold over a number of specifications which include additional exogenous historical and geographic controls. The findings imply that policy makers can focus on curbing corruption to improve regulation, over wider institutional reform.     

The Impact of Regulation on Cost Efficiency: An Empirical Analysis of Wisconsin Water Utilities

The impact of regulation of efforts to minimize costs has been widely discussed, but remains difficult to measure. The sophisticated regulation of water utilities in Wisconsin allows us to attempt such on assessment since different firms can be under different regulatory regimes (price cap or rate-of-return) in the same geographical area at the same time. To measure the impact of regulation on efficiency, we use a stochastic cost frontier approach defining the unobservable efficiency of a water utility as a function of exogeneous variables. Using a panel of 211 water utilities observed from 1998 to 2000, we show that their efficiency scores can be partly explained by the regulatory framework.     

保险产品创新与保险监管效率的经济学分析

保险产品创新不仅为保险公司提供风险管理的新途径(从巨灾风险管理向一般经营风险管理的拓展),而且,创新型的保险产品也日益成为保险公司新的业务增长点。但是,保险产品创新在带来积极效应的同时,也放大了保险公司经营的风险,并由此对保险监管提出新的挑战。本文运用均值———方差分析工具,研究保险产品创新对保险公司经营的有效边界的影响,并对保险产品创新条件下的保险业监管效率进行度量。     

模糊自整定PID双闭环直流调速系统建模及仿真分析

本文章对于工程上常采用的直流调速控制系统,详尽地阐述了双闭环调速系统的PID控制原理,分别对调速系统的电流环、转速环的动态特性、抗干扰特性进行simulink仿真实验。针对在克服较大扰动和提高系统动态品质的要求,设计了一种基于模糊控制理论的PID控制器并对调速系统进行仿真实验。通过与原有PID控制器进行对比,发现基于模糊控制理论的PID控制器可以显著提升控制效果,并且具有非常强的抗干扰特性,快速的系统响应,良好的动态特性等。     

监理实施细则模块化管理初探

监理细则一般按照专业编制,由于工程项目千差万别以及监理人员技术素质的差异,同一专业的监理细则也存在较大的区别,很多细则缺乏针对性和可操作性,不能成为有效的指导性作业文件。以分项工程为单位编制模块化的监理细则,分为五个部分,即概况、依据、流程、要点、检查表目录,既可以保证其具有可操作性,又便于管理层对监理方、施工方工作的检查,提高工作效率。     

注册会计师行业独立型监管模式有效性研究——基于美国PCAOB运作情况的分析

独立型监管机构具有更高的独立性、更大的法定权威和更集中的监管权限等有利条件,但缺乏基于社会声誉的权威,同时存在外部约束弱化、过度监管和行业专门知识利用不足等问题.独立型监管模式的有益经验值得借鉴,但必须注意其有效性不是无条件的.我国可考虑设立类似于美国PCAOB的相对独立、专司其职、权限集中、有充分法律授权和充足经费保障的监管机构,但须深入分析我国国情,设计出在权威、激励和知识三个维度上均能提高监管效率的改革方案.     

Environmental Regulation and Enterprise Innovation: A Review

The impact of environmental regulation on enterprise innovation is closely related to the competitiveness of the enterprise and sustainable development of the regional economy, but existing research does not provide a consistent view. This paper summarizes the impacts of environmental regulation on enterprise innovation from the perspectives of technological innovation, product innovation, system innovation and ecological innovation. We find that the impacts of environmental regulation on enterprise innovation behaviour are complex, and that the impacts can be reflected together by the four aspects above and even by their interaction. Moreover, the impacts are not limited to the creation of new technologies, products, and systems but also include their adoption and application. In particular, whether the Porter hypothesis is true and which versions of the Porter hypothesis environmental regulation causes in enterprise innovation depend on enterprise characteristics, means of environmental regulation, and enterprises' strategic behaviours in an enterprise ecosystem. Finally, we propose five potential research directions: quantifying the degree of enterprise innovation caused by environmental regulation, the impacts of environmental regulation on sustainable economic development from an enterprise ecosystem perspective, the impacts of enterprise innovation on environmental regulation, the role of enterprise initiative in the relationship between environmental regulation and enterprise innovation, and social security issues and the integration of eliminated enterprises resulting from environmental regulation.     

法律法规在环境职业健康安全管理体系中的实施

法律法规是企业建立和运行环境管理体系（EMS）/职业健康安全管理体系（OHSAS）的根本保证,对企业开展EMS/OHSAS认证至关重要。本文结合认证审核的实践,重点分析在法律法规的收集和评价中偏离标准要求的现象,提出在体系认证中正确、全面地实施法律法规的意见和建议,以指导企业有效地开展EMS/OHSAS认证。