出口加工区的技术溢出效应的文献综述

我国从建立第一批出口加工区以来，至令已过去六个年头了。随着经济的发展，最初建立出口加工区以便于管理出口加工贸易的功能逐步转变为如何更好地拉动当地经济发展。本文对上世纪70年代以来国内外经济学在出口加工技术溢出效应地研究进行了总结，并指出研究的一些不足之处，以期为我国开展相应地研究提供借鉴。     

出口加工区的技术溢出效应的文献综述

我国从建立第一批出口加工区以来,至今已过去六个年头了.随着经济的发展,最初建立出口加工区以便于管理出口加工贸易的功能逐步转变为如何更好地拉动当地经济发展.本文对上世纪70年代以来国内外经济学在出口加工技术溢出效应地研究进行了总结,并指出研究的一些不足之处,以期为我国开展相应地研究提供借鉴.     

Labor market effects of export processing zones in the presence of unemployment

When foreign firms motivated by higher profits engage in off-shore production activities of unemployment ridden host countries, concerns increase about the possibility of exploitation of local workers. However, using a two good two factor model this paper shows that foreign firms’ engagement under the scenario actually improves the host country's structure of wages, skill composition, employment level and wage inequality which cannot be achieved under full employment in the host countries. This paper thus presents a mechanism that explains the effects of export processing zones observed in most of the transitional economies of the world. Results have practical implications for traditional structural changes expected for these economies. Although foreign firms come to earn profits, it is possible for host country workers to take a part of the rent away from the foreign firms as they are doing currently in different parts of the world.     

Some probability problems associated with cross-impact analysis

Various probability models are discussed which may be applied to Cross-Impact analysis. The bulk of this article is concerned with what is currently the most commonly employed model that utilizes marginal probabilities and either simple conditional probabilities or ”impacts“. Requirements for admissible probability sets are given and some misgivings about current practices are discussed. Bounds are given for the joint occurrence or non-occurrence of a number of events which could replace the Monte Carlo generation currently in use. It is concluded that the multitude of probability problems associated with Cross-Impact analysis are such as to preclude its use as a quantitative technique in its present form although its use as a vehicle for promoting discussion can still be recommended and some of the results can serve as a rough guide in forecasting.     

我国高新技术产品出口问题与对策分析

高新技术产业是国民经济的战略性先导产业,对产业结构调整和经济增长方式转变发挥着重要作用。高新技术产品的出口,则代表了一个国家的科技实力和高新技术产业化的能力。了解我国高新技术产品出口的现状,分析其问题所在,制定出相应的对策,是提升我国高新技术产业的发展应有之义。     

对重复司法鉴定现象相关问题的探析

司法鉴定,是指在诉讼活动中鉴定人运用科学技术或者专门知识对诉讼涉及的专门性问题进行鉴别和判断并提供鉴定意见的活动。重复司法鉴定是指就同一专业性问题进行两次或两次以上的司法鉴定。在司法实践中,重复司法鉴定现象很普遍,尤以故意伤害类案件为甚。重复司法鉴定存在的弊端很多,形成的原因也比较复杂,亟待出台司法鉴定方面的专门法律法规以规范司法鉴定行为     

The shadow price of labour in export processing zones. A discussion of the social value of employing women in export processing in Mexico and China

Researchers have recently begun to address methods of doing social cost-benefit analyses of export processing zones. This paper examines the issue of the appropriate shadow price of labour to apply in making a social evaluation of a zone. Conditions in Mexico and China are contrasted to illustrate the problem in current methods, which would lower the social benefits of the maquiladoras in Mexico simply because they have hired women. The paper argues that the absolute level of employment in both countries is an accurate measure of a key benefit of the zones, and that the appropriate shadow price of the labour involved is at or below the market wage regardless of whether the worker is male or female.     

入世以来我国农产品出口贸易问题研究

世界经济日益向着一体化的方向发展.国际农产品市场已逐渐成熟,其突出特点是卫生检验不断加强,农产品质量竞争更加激烈,垄断与反垄断斗争加剧.中国入世以来,农产品出口虽有增长,但远低于预期且发展前景不容乐观.为此,我们应认真审视当前国际农产品市场新变化,分析研究影响我国农产品出口的问题并积极应对,力争抓住入世为我国农产品出口带来的机遇,扩大出口,促进我国农业的发展.     

Risk sharing and export performance with firm heterogeneity

We investigate how market uncertainty affects the export performance of a firm through financial frictions. We first extend Melitz's (2003) heterogeneous firm trade model by incorporating demand shocks, linking the demand uncertainties to the financing costs of firms. In this extension, the default probability is endogenously determined by a firm's productivity and demand uncertainty. Hence, firms with higher productivity or lower market uncertainty are offered lower interest rates and thus show better export performance. As an application, we also show that a risk-sharing mechanism, that pools default risk for a certain group of firms, lowers the default risk. This mechanism allows banks to charge lower interest rates to the member firms and therefore ultimately improves their export performance in both extensive and intensive margins. We find a real-world example of such a mechanism from business groups in Korea. Using Korean firm-level data, we show that the more diversified the business group, the greater the likelihood that its member firms export and the bigger their export revenues. We also show that our results are robust to alternative explanations for Korean business groups’ export competitiveness.     

魅力独具 历久弥新 开发区引进技术的发展及问题

自1984年底，中国开始在沿海地区设立经济技术开发区至今，国家级经济技术开发区（即经国务院批准设立的，不含地方政府批准的开发区）已走过了近20年的历程，逐步发展壮大，但国家级经济技术开发区的发展从没有向今天这样引人瞩目，取得如此辉煌的成绩。实践证明，国家级经济技术开发区在对外开放、吸引外资、引进技术方面，发挥了巨大的作用，成为中国引进外来资金和先进技术的最重要的地区。开发区对技术的吸引1.为引进先进技术提供了空间国家级经济技术开发区是中国对外开放地区的重要组成部分，它们大都位于各省、市、自治区的省会等中…     

服务贸易:大力发展势在必行

随着全球经济发展水平的不断提高和经济全球化的不断深入,跨境交付、境外消费、商业存在和自然人流动等各种形式的服务贸易活动愈显频繁,服务贸易已然成为世界贸易的重要组成部分.2004年,全球服务贸易总额达到41800亿美元,占全球货物贸易的比重已接近1/4.与此同时,国际服务贸易结构正在走向高级化.在这一进程中,发达国家占据国际服务贸易的主导地位,占全球服务进出口总额的75%以上,其中,美、英、德三国就占了全球服务贸易总额的近30%.事实表明,发达经济大都是服务业主导的经济.无论从全球经济发展规律和发展趋势看,还是从提升国民经济整体水平和优化经济结构看,抑或从"十一五"规划的发展要求看,大力发展服务业及服务贸易已是势在必行.     

The process and experiences with creating user-driven innovation programmes in the Netherlands

In 2005 the Netherlands drafted a new innovation policy, consisting of a basic package for all entrepreneurs and a programme-based package aimed at supporting the Dutch industry in achieving global excellence in a limited number of (business) areas. The programme-based package is characterized by an integral approach, resulting in user-driven public-private innovation programmes. In the new approach, industrial foresight processes are integrated with actual policy implementation. In this paper, we include the lessons learned during the process that led to the first innovation programmes. Also, some unresolved issues in the new approach are discussed.     

Long-run convergence in a neo-Kaleckian open-economy model with autonomous export growth

This study combines a neo-Kaleckian growth and distribution model with a sort of Sraffian supermultiplier mechanism in which autonomous demand is driven by foreign exports. Short-, medium- and long-run equilibria are considered. In the long-run case, the expectations of sales growth governing investment change adaptively, and this, combined with the autonomous growth rate of exports, produces convergence of the actual rate of capacity utilization to its normal rate. It is demonstrated that some aspects of the main Kaleckian results can be preserved not only in the short or medium run but also in the long run, in the sense that both (1) a decrease in the propensity to save, and (2) a change in income distribution favoring labor, bring about higher average rates of production growth and capital accumulation. However, the impact of a change in the profit share is shown to be subjected to the condition that the responsiveness of the real exchange rate with respect to the profit share has to be bounded from above, confirming that the scope for wage-led demand or wage-led growth can be limited by open-economy considerations, even within the supermultiplier context.     

The process and experiences with creating user-driven innovation programmes in the Netherlands1

In 2005 the Netherlands drafted a new innovation policy, consisting of a basic package for all entrepreneurs and a programme-based package aimed at supporting the Dutch industry in achieving global excellence in a limited number of (business) areas. The programme-based package is characterized by an integral approach, resulting in user-driven public–private innovation programmes. In the new approach, industrial foresight processes are integrated with actual policy implementation. In this paper, we include the lessons learned during the process that led to the first innovation programmes. Also, some unresolved issues in the new approach are discussed.     

我国出口信用保险存在的问题及其对策研究——以宁波为例分析

出口信用保险是世贸组织规则允许的贸易促进措施,是各国政府支持出口、防范收汇风险的国际通行做法。目前,出口信用保险已成为世界大多数国家支持出口的一个重要手段。与发达国家相比,我国的出口信用保险起步晚,发展比较落后。存在着较多问题。因此,从我国出口信用保险的现状出发,分析我国出口信用保险发展中存在的问题,并针对性提出相应对策,对我国出口信用保险的进一步发展,充分发挥出口信用保险对出口贸易的支持作用,有着重要的意义。     

Tariffs,quotas, and voluntary export restraints with endogenous labor supply

This paper develops a two-good, small-country, general equilibrium trade model with endogenous labor supply and wage taxes, and where trade is restricted by a tariff, or an import quota, or VERs. Within this framework we derive (i) the employment and welfare effects of the three types of trade restrictions, (ii) the price effect of an import quota and VERs, and (iii) the shadow price of foreign exchange under each type of trade restriction. The present results are compared to those where (i) factor supplies are fixed, and (ii) perfect international capital mobility exists.     

知识联盟中知识存量振荡系统收敛性研究

运用知识存量理论、知识联盟理论的分析方法,提出知识联盟中知识存量振荡系统收敛性问题。通过模型假设,构建知识存量振荡系统收敛性模型。认为在知识存量和知识流量共同作用下,知识存量振荡系统经历释能、解码、匹配和调适4个阶段,沿着非线性路径呈收敛性状态。     

The export price index with the effect of variety and an empirical analysis

The standard international trade models predict that economic growth induces decreasing export prices. Korea has recorded sustainable economic and export growth, and its export prices have been deteriorating over the last decades. Unlike the standard assumption of one good per country, the new theoretical approach by Krugman [Krugman, P. (1980) ‘Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and Pattern of Trade’. American Economic Review 70, 950–959, Krugman, P. (1989) ‘Differences in income elasticities and trends in real exchange rates’. European Economic Review, 33, 1055–1085.], and Helpman and Krugman [Helpman, E. and Krugman, P. (1985), Market structure and foreign trade: increasing returns, imperfect competition, and international economy, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.] takes into account varieties of goods produced in each country. And many studies suggest that traditional estimates without variety effect have been rather under-stated. Therefore this paper develops a proper modeling for quantifying the impact of export variety on an exact export price index. Throughout the period (1984–2000), the conventional export price index without variety effect leads to under-state Korea's export price by 89.3%. This paper shows that the fall in Korean export prices has been offset by the effect of export variety. This paper emphasizes the effect of export variety on international trade.