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1.
The current study aimed to investigate differences in psychological safety factors such as attitudes and behaviour among professional and non-professional drivers. Differences in accident involvement and the number of speeding tickets were also investigated. An additional aim was to study factors associated with risky driver behaviour and speeding tickets in these groups. A questionnaire survey was distributed by mail to a randomly selected sample from the Norwegian population registry (N?=?6203). The response rate was 30% and the final sample consisted of 1864 individuals. Adjusted for demographic characteristics and road traffic exposure the results showed that professional drivers (n?=?113) reported significantly less seat belt use and watchful driving than non-professional drivers (n?=?1594). Professional drivers reported significantly less fun riding and safer attitudes regarding addressing the unsafe driving of others. The professional drivers also reported significantly safer behaviour related to drink driving, but lower priorities of road traffic safety. Professional drivers perceived significantly more control and had been involved in more accidents than the non-professional drivers. The results suggest that professional drivers may constitute a risk group in road traffic. Further research could focus on barriers of seat belt use and mechanisms, which could promote safety priorities in this driver group. The knowledge gained by such studies could be utilised by company managers in order to promote safer behaviour among professional drivers. 相似文献
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Aims: The aim of the study was to make a theoretical contribution by investigating social cognitive factors and personality traits related to risky driver behaviour in a Turkish sample. The study tested three theoretical models by Structural Equation Modelling: (1) a model using risk perception and attitudes towards traffic safety to predict driver behaviour, (2) a model which used normlessness and sensation-seeking traits to predict such behaviour and (3) a model which used both the social cognitive factors and personality traits to predict driver behaviour. Methods: A questionnaire survey with validated measurement instruments was conducted in a sample of Turkish drivers (n?=?213). The response rate was 61%. Results: A combined social cognitive and personality trait model had tolerable fit and explained 24% of the variance in driver behaviour. The relations between personality traits and risk perception with driver behaviour were mediated through attitudes towards traffic safety. Risk-taking personality traits had relatively strong relations to unsafe driver behaviour, whereas risk perception had a relatively weak relation to such behaviour. Conclusions: A combined social cognitive and trait approach may be efficient in human factor campaigns aimed to reduce risky driver behaviour in Turkey. Personality traits may be important for driver behaviour because they influence the attitudinal determinants of such behaviour. Increased police enforcement of road traffic regulations may reduce risky driving among individuals with normlessness and sensation-seeking traits. Personality traits may also guide efforts aimed at early identification of risky drivers and campaigns could be tailored to specific personality characteristics. 相似文献
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Laura Arnau-Sabatés Mercè Jariot Garcia Màrius Martínez Muñoz Josep Montané Capdevila 《Journal of Risk Research》2013,16(5):635-650
Objectives: This research aims to carry out a first validation of the QAR-Precon screening questionnaire applied in Catalonia during the drivers’ initial training, analyse the differences in risky road user behaviour according to two main variables: whether they had any experience of an accident and sex and examine the different risky road user patterns of pre-drivers. Methods: In order to group the questionnaire variables together, an exploratory factorial analysis (principal component analysis (PCA)) was used. Subsequently, the reliability coefficients of the questionnaire and the subscales were calculated. Lastly, ANOVA models were used to compare differences in the whole sample and a cluster analysis was performed to identify different risky pre-driver groups. Results: The factorial analysis (PCA) reveals the existence of five risk factors (speed and risk, external circumstances, distraction, alcohol and driving and other elements of driving) that explain 44.6% of the variance. More males than females reported that they had a higher tendency to take risks in all the risky factors exposed and injured pre-drivers reported less awareness of road safety than pre-drivers who had not been injured. A two-cluster solution indicated that it was possible to distinguish a group of pre-drivers who engaged in high risky behaviour (high group) from the group who engaged in moderate and low levels of risky road user behaviour (low group). Conclusions: The implications of these findings for programme designs and training initiatives to improve efficiency in reducing the accident rate are discussed. 相似文献
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IC卡道路运输证和IC卡从业资格证的推广应用,是加快现代化道路运输体系建设,推进道路运输信息化、智能化发展,不断提升公共服务效率和水平的有效手段。本文结合近年来广东省IC卡道路运输证在行业管理中的实际应用,分析了IC卡道路运输证在客运班车进出站管理中的应用数据,提出了IC卡道路运输证在客运站安全监管工作中的重要作用。 相似文献
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Safety behaviour is one of the main determinants of job-related accidents. Few studies have focused on safety behaviour of emergency responders. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of psychosocial predictors on safety behaviour, taking into consideration a sample of Italian emergency responders operating on the highways (N?=?203). Results showed that adherence to safety procedures, reporting accident risk and use of individual protection devices were predicted by risk perception and safety climate. The attitude of priorities of rescue operations vs. safety predicted reporting accident risk. The conceptual and practical implications that emerged are discussed. 相似文献
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Erika Wall 《Journal of Risk Research》2013,16(10):1285-1299
The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of how young people make sense of traffic risk. The study also aims to contribute to current theory by refining the concept of ‘sense-making of risk’. The focus is to explore, empirically as well as theoretically, how role-taking emotions can contribute to this particular area of research. In order to chart both the sense-making of social interaction and the respondents’ subjective sense of traffic risk, the present study used both in-depth interviews and focus group interviews: the in-depth interviews comprised a total of 11 interviews with as many interviewees, while a total of 36 people were included in the eight focus group interviews. All interviewees were Swedish residents aged between 16 and 20. It is found that by adopting the perspective afforded by theory of emotion, it is possible to deepen our knowledge of individual sense-making of risk. Both primary emotions and role-taking emotions seem to be central to how young Swedes form their understanding of traffic risk. A focus on role-taking emotions reveals the value of indirect social interaction for the individual’s sense-making of risk in general, and adds to our knowledge of the individual’s sense-making of traffic risk in particular. 相似文献
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The number of road tunnels in Europe has increased rapidly over the last years. Nevertheless, this increasing number is raising upfront an endogenous problem, which is the severity of accidents that may occur. After the spate of tunnel fires in Europe over the past decade, the European Commission embarked upon a major review of road tunnel safety and launched the Directive 2004/54/EC that sets minimum safety requirements and suggests, apart from the measures imposed based on tunnel characteristics, the implementation of a risk assessment in several cases. As a result, many risk assessment methods have been proposed worldwide, most of them based on quantitative risk assessment (QRA) models. Although QRAs are helpful to address physical aspects and facilities of the infrastructures, current approaches in the road tunnel field have several challenges to meet in order to provide decision-makers with the overall risk picture. Taking into account that QRAs are progressively becoming the selected method to manage tunnel safety and risk, this paper’s purpose is twofold. On the one hand, it aims to inform safety managers and engineers about items which are not adequately handled by current road tunnel QRA models. On the other hand, it aims to suggest potential areas in which improvements should be made. Taking into consideration the challenges and the limitations discussed herein, this paper concludes that QRA models should not be the single criterion for the safety assessment process of these critical infrastructures. 相似文献
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How does the frequency and magnitude of micro-price rises and falls relate to macroeconomic crisis, as well as moderation? Weekly micropricing behaviour in British groceries was investigated across three leading retailers over the moderation period 2004–7 and the crisis period 2008–10. We find significant price flexibility sharply distinguished from behaviour observed in most previous works. Downward price flexibility increased markedly in 2008. Overall basket prices rise, but significantly more individual prices fall than rise in the latter period. Tests of obfuscation in price setting suggested that large numbers of small price falls were used to disguise the basket price rises. 相似文献
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根据2005-2010年赤峰市国内旅游人数的数据,采用邓聚龙教授的灰色系统理论中的GM（1,1）模型构建赤峰市国内旅游市场的灰色动态模型。然后通过模型的检验,准确地预测未来五年赤峰市国内旅游人数,为研究赤峰市国内客源市场提供相关科学依据。 相似文献
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论现代电信企业的价值管理战略 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
李志杰 《中央财经大学学报》2004,(11):56-61
伴随着中国加入WTO,电信业开放的步伐不断加快,中国电信运营商如何沉稳、成功应对"狼来了"?本文分析了适用于电信运营企业的价值评估方法、电信运营企业价值驱动因素的分析和发现,提出了实施全面价值管理战略是电信运营企业有效管理价值驱动因素,实现企业价值最大化、在国际电信运营市场上获得竞争优势的关键所在. 相似文献
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为什么要继续实施积极财政政策 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
陈共 《中央财经大学学报》2001,(6):1-6
我国实施积极财政政策仅仅三个年头已经取得重大成效,这说明我国的宏观调控既取得了治理通货膨胀的经验,也取得了通货紧缩的初步经验,而实施积极财政政策是这种经验的重要方面。中央已以明确今年继续实行积极财政政策,这是根据当前政治经济形势做出的决策。现在伯问题是：为什么应当继续实施,为什么可以继续实施,以及通过理论的论证来解除对继续实施积极财政政策的一些疑虑问题。 相似文献
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对近年来我国内需不足特异性的反思 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
廖春 《中央财经大学学报》2001,(5):6-11
摈上来，我国经济中出现了前所未有的内需不足现象，这种现象与成熟的市场经济国家中出现的需求不足有所不同，它的出现具有明显的特民划性。本文分析了这种需求问题特异性的表征、 形成机理以及治理的对策。 相似文献
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通过对当前中国经济形势、经济运行中存在的有利趋势以及未来实现经济平稳较快增长的条件进行分析,笔者提出以下观点:当前中国经济增长的不确定性增强,甚至出现了下行风险的诸多苗头;下一阶段影响中国经济增长的基本面因素不会发生趋势性的转变,如内需拉动(包括城镇化和新型工业化)、高储蓄率、产业结构升级、银行体系稳健性改善以及较好的财政实力和外汇储备实力。下一阶段宏观经济将由2002～2007年的加速增长期向平稳较快增长期转变,GDP增速将有所回落,但仍将保持较快增速,内需在需求结构中的占比进一步提高,尤其是消费对经济增长的贡献度将显著增强。 相似文献
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国内居民消费与经济自主性增长的持续动力 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前我国偏低的居民消费率不足以为经济自主性增长提供持续动力。本文认为,刺激居民消费需求,个人所得税改革不是关键,税收制度的进一步规范更为重要,宏观经济目标的实现与经济自主性增长机制的形成有赖于更长期的税收制度建设。 相似文献
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While Norway has experienced income growth accompanied by a large decline in mortality during the past several decades, little is known about the distribution of these improvements in longevity across the income distribution. Using municipality‐level income and mortality data, we show that the stark income gradient in infant mortality across municipalities in the 1950s mostly closed in the late 1960s. However, the income gradient in mortality for older age categories across municipalities persisted until 2010 and only flattened thereafter. Further, the infant mortality gap between rich and poor Norwegian families based on individual‐level data persisted several decades longer than the gap between rich and poor municipalities and only finally closed in the early 21st century. 相似文献
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Andrea Morone 《Quantitative Finance》2013,13(5):513-532
This paper provides experimental evidence explaining a number of stylized facts associated with the behaviour of financial returns, in particular the fat tailed nature of their distribution and the persistence in their volatility. By means of a laboratory experiment, we investigate the effect of the quantity and quality of information present in a financial market upon its stylized facts, showing how both the quality and quantity of information might have an impact on volatility clustering and the emergence of fat tail returns. 相似文献
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内资企业组织形式的纳税筹划 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在现行税制下,内资企业由于组织形式的不同,会适用不同的所得税,即个人所得税或企业所得税。由于这两种所得在税率上和费用扣除方面存在差异,纳税人可以利用这些差异进行纳税筹划。 相似文献
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论欧盟农业国内支持制度的演进及晚近发展趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
欧盟农业国内支持法律制度的历史演进与“共同农业政策”(CAP)密切相关.为了适应WTO农业规则及欧盟农业发展的需要,CAP已历经多次改革,“促进农业发展、提升农产品竞争力”是其改革主线.CAP改革从“价格支持”到“与生产挂钩的直接支付”,再到“与生产脱钩的直接支付”,不过是从“黄箱”转到“蓝箱”再到“绿箱”的过程,是支持方式的改变,高额国内支持并未“实质性削减”.CPA2020新一轮改革延续了历史惯性,继续向“农业、农村可持续发展”的“绿箱化”支持推进,并兼顾“可靠的粮食安全、平衡的区域发展”的政策目标,使得CAP结构更为合理,重点更为突出,效果更为明显.CAP演进与改革,对于我国优化农业补贴结构、启动亲环境型补贴项目、强化农业支持的规范化、法制化,具有重要现实意义. 相似文献
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