巴西和俄罗斯落实G20结构性改革承诺的进展

文章介绍了“金砖国家”的两个成员国一巴西和俄罗斯落实G20结构性改革承诺的进展。巴西长期受外部需求与汇率冲击、国内经济波动以及社会结构性矛盾等问题困扰,巴西政府推出系列结构性改革举措力求纾解此困境。俄罗斯大力改善国内基础设施,推进国内自由贸易,减少政府对经济的干预,增强政府运行透明度,在社保、金融、能源、行政体制等领域推动实施了系列改革措施。     

"全球化"时代的文化翻译

全球化带来了多元文化,使得文化的内涵发生了变化,而翻译在此浪潮冲击下也赋予了新的内容.作为一名翻译工作者,不仅要把握好自己的立场,还要在实践中不断进行探索,把时代的多元文化真实而客观地呈现给人们.     

构建工商银行先进信贷风险文化研究

风险管理是商业银行经营管理的核心,先进的信贷风险文化是成功管理信贷风险的基础。目前工商银行正处于风险管理革命与产权革命并存的关键时期,提升工商银行的核心竞争力,构建有效兼顾业务发展与风险控制的先进信贷风险文化显得尤为重要。本文运用现代管理学和金融工程学理论,从打造工商银行核心竞争力的现实要求出发,借鉴国内外银行经验,结合工商银行信贷经营实践,阐述了信贷文化与风险管理的辩证关系,并从精神、制度、行为和物质等四个层面勾画了构建工商银行先进信贷风险文化的路线图。     

企业风险管理中的风险沟通机制研究

ERM是当今企业风险管理的核心标准,风险沟通是风险管理的重要方法,但企业风险沟通的研究尚不完备。本文将社会公共领域的风险沟通理论与COSO框架下的企业风险管理相结合,提出了一个风险沟通的理论假说,以全面风险感知、相互信任、伙伴关系和双向沟通模式作为该假说的四大支柱,以全面综合的方法,从企业内部(纵向)和企业外部(横向)两个维度构建了企业风险沟通体系,期望能够为企业层面的风险沟通发挥积极的作用。     

高等教育和科学效率评价研究综述

高等教育和科学研究的投入-产出效率评价对解决科教资源稀缺性有着重要的意义。本文通过对近年来国内外有关应用DEA方法研究高等教育、科研效率的主要研究成果进行综述,分别从评价问题层面、评价模型的改进与发展等角度进行梳理和归纳,并对其在本领域内未来的发展方向做以展望。     

Risk cultures and dominant approaches towards disasters in seven European countries

This paper builds upon the risk culture concept started with Mary Douglas’ and Aaron Wildavsky’s seminal work on risk and culture. Based upon the empirical results of a qualitative sociological study on sociocultural factors affecting risk perception and crisis communication in seven European countries, a theoretical model, illustrating how differences in disasters framing imply diverse approaches to risk and disaster management, is suggested. According to this framework, culturally bounded assumptions and conventions strongly influence how communities make sense of risks and hazards and how these communities consider some ways of dealing with disasters more appropriate than others. The framework suggested in this article distinguishes between risk cultures of a given society, which do not necessarily respond to nation states. In order to explain differences in how cultures deal with risks and disasters, and to define the main features of our typology, three main interrelated dimensions have been selected: disaster framing, trust in authorities and blaming. By analyzing differences and similarities in how people perceive and interpret disasters, as well as to whom the responsibility for risk prevention and crisis management is attributed, in seven European countries, three specific ideal types of risk cultures emerged: state-oriented risk culture, individual-oriented risk culture and fatalistic risk culture. Implications for crisis management and communication in case of a disaster will be addressed for each of these risk cultures.     

The action suited to the word? Use of the framework of risk information seeking to understand risk-related behaviors

Although a growing body of risk communication research focuses on how people process risk information, one question that is overlooked is how the seeking of information contributes to behavioral adaptation toward the risk issue. How are people’s behavioral responses to risks affected by the search for risk information? Building on the Framework of Risk Information Seeking (FRIS), this paper reports on two studies that focus on the experimental testing of several of the basic FRIS assumptions. In study 1, a 2 (involvement: high vs. low)?×?2 (risk perception: high vs. low) between-subjects experiment was conducted to test the assumption that higher levels of involvement and risk perception stimulate the intention to seek additional risk information as well as the actual risk information. Study 2 is a partial replication of study 1. In study 2, a 2 (involvement: high vs. low)?×?2 (fear appeal: present vs. absent)?×?2 (response efficacy: high vs. low) between-subjects experiment was conducted to test how varying the levels of involvement, risk perception, and response efficacy influence actual and intended information seeking, as well as the intention to adopt risk-mitigating actions. The results showed that the high-involvement, high-risk perception, high-response efficacy group was most likely to actually seek information and make behavioral changes. The results are in accordance with basic FRIS assumptions. Implications for risk communication are discussed.     

Helping behavior in a virtual crisis situation: effects of safety awareness and crisis communication

Incident evaluations show that bystanders tend to help: they do not wait for professionals to arrive, but act as required by the situation at hand. In the present study, we investigated how safety awareness (induced before an accident happened) and providing a course of action by emergency services affect helping behavior after witnessing a virtual accident with two victims. The main task of the participants was to arrive at a job interview in time. Safety awareness was manipulated by the specific organization they went to: either promoting safe traffic or healthy living. The results show that all participants were inclined to help. Participants who were primed towards safe traffic more often called the emergency number, but talked to the victim less often. Participants who had received specific courses of action moved the victim less often. In all, the results clearly indicate the value of effective risk communication (before an event occurs) and crisis communication (after an event has occurred), as both types of information improve the quality of actual helping behavior at the scene.     

指数保险有效性实证分析

运用Miranda模型研究发现,农户个体产量波动与所在区域产量波动存在高度正相关性,基于区域产量保险的保费率低于传统农业保险的保费率,这有利于刺激指数保险的需求。由于指数保险克服了传统农业保险市场中的逆向选择与道德风险问题,降低了交易成本,从而指数保险能够降低农户的保费支出并有效管理农业生产风险。