企业所有权分享主体的探讨

企业所有权分享主体的安排存在两种不同的理论流派:一种是"物质资本股东至上"理论,强调企业所有权由物质资本所有者单方面拥有;另一种是基于人力资本理论,认为企业所有权应该由物质资本和人力资本所有者共同分享。随着知识经济时代的到来,技术资本在企业中的重要性日益突出,我们提出了由物质资本、人力资本、技术资本所有者共同分享企业所有权的理论。     

It's no longer mine: the role of brand ownership and advertising in cross-border brand acquisitions

Although cross-border brand acquisitions are increasingly common in the global marketplace, research on how consumers respond to them is limited. Building on social identity and psychological ownership theories, we introduce the concept of brand ownership to the advertising literature, and show its negative effects on consumer reactions to a brand acquisition. Furthermore, we demonstrate that consumers’ disidentification (i.e., an oppositional motivation) with an acquiring country moderates the negative effect of consumers’ brand ownership on consumer attitudes after a brand acquisition. The results reveal that consumers with high levels of brand ownership develop more negative post-acquisition brand attitudes when a brand is acquired by a country with which consumers strongly disidentify (i.e. dissociative vs. out-group). Furthermore, our research introduces the concept of a brand ownership appeal in advertising, and demonstrates that it is an effective advertising strategy in enhancing post-acquisition brand attitudes for consumers with high levels of brand ownership. Important theoretical and managerial advertising implications conclude this research.     

资本结构与股权结构:公司融资的制度决定

本文调查了756家上市公司的2003年的横截面数据,考察了股权结构对资本结构的制度影响。本文的经验结果显示,国家股比例较高的公司伴随着显著较低的负债率,更倾向于权益融资;法人股比例和流通股比例较高的公司则更倾向于债务融资(其中流通股比例较高的公司倾向性最强)。本文还发现,公司融资行为还受企业规模、资产结构、盈利能力和成长性的显著影响。     

The role of family management and ownership on semi-globalization pattern of globalization: The case of family business groups

Employing a multi-level with longitudinal concern data analysis this research examines the impact from family management and ownership on semi-globalization pattern of globalization in family business groups from an integrated framework. The results reveal that the more likelihood that the controlling family utilize family management in the subsidiary, and the higher degree of pyramidal ownership in the subsidiary, the more likelihood that the family business group will choose to engage in the host regions. Additionally, family management and pyramidal ownership is positively related with the choice to engage in a higher difference region instead of a lower difference region in family business groups. The theoretical and future research implications of these findings for family enterprises and globalization research are discussed.     

Institutional and transaction cost influences on MNEs’ ownership strategies of their affiliates: Evidence from an emerging market

This paper examines the impact of institutional, and transaction cost specific variables on MNEs’ choice of equity ownership in their foreign affiliates. We consider the determinants of the choice of foreign investors between full ownership (setting up a wholly owned greenfield subsidiary or engaging in a full acquisition) and sharing ownership with a local firm (establishing a greenfield joint venture or making a partial acquisition). Drawing on both transaction cost and institutional theories, a number of hypotheses are developed. Based on a dataset of 6838 foreign affiliates in Turkey, the empirical analysis reveals that institutional variables are important in explaining the equity composition of foreign affiliates. Particularly important in determining equity ownership were found to be political risk, cultural distance, linguistic distance, agglomeration, location and the size of the affiliate. A distinguishing feature of the paper is that we examine the marginal effects of the independent variables in explaining ownership patterns of MNEs.     

公路养护成本计划、控制与核算

养护成本计划、成本控制与成本核算是公路养护成本管理的重要组成部分.成本计划是成本预测的结果,是确定成本目标的具体化;成本控制是对成本计划实施过程进行的监督、调节和限制,以保证成本目标的实现;而成本核算则是对成本目标是否实现的最后检验.要做好养护成本管理工作,降低养护管理成本,养护管理单位首先要选定养护作业施工项目成本核算对象,确定成本计划,在养护作业各个环节、各个工序上实行成本控制,最终完成成本目标.     

精益生产方式下成本管理的相关问题及对策

目标成本管理作为精益生产方式下的成本管理模式,它以目标成本控制为核心,以作业为成本计算对象,旨在消除浪费、减少质量事件。本文通过介绍精益生产方式的相关情况和具体实施,指出精益生产方式的独特之处;分析精益生产方式下的成本管理普遍存在的问题及原因;提出解决问题的对策。     

Subsidiary goals,learning orientations,and ownership strategies of multinational enterprises: evidence from foreign direct investments in Korea

This paper investigates the links among subsidiary goals, learning orientations, and ownership strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs). The authors hypothesize that an MNE's ownership strategy is determined by subsidiary goals and learning orientations. Furthermore, interactions between learning orientations and subsidiary goals are predicted to influence the ownership strategy. Based on 723 foreign subsidiaries of MNEs operating in Korea, our findings suggest that when MNE foreign subsidiaries influence ownership choice, market-seeking goals and resource-seeking goals have a stronger fit with the exploitation orientation than with the exploration orientation. In contrast, the category of knowledge-seeking goals has a stronger fit with exploration than with exploitation.     

产品内贸易、市场结构与福利效应:跨国公司海外扩张模式的解读

本文旨在通过构建一个包含中间品市场和最终品市场在内的产品内贸易模型,考察差异化市场结构对跨国公司选择垂直FDI和外包两种海外扩张模式的影响。研究结果表明,在上、下游市场之间存在某种传导机制的情况下,一体式非完全专业化的生产方式与产品内分工贸易的规模负相关,不断增加的最终品市场的垄断强度,不仅会导致跨国公司内部所有生产要素的福利水平遭受不同程度的损失,还会进一步缩小产品内贸易的规模。     

浅谈企业成本核算中存在的问题及对策

成本核算是成本管理工作的重要组成部分,以会计核算为基础,以货币为计算单位,成本核算的正确与否直接影响企业的成本预测、计划、分析、考核和改进等控制工作.本文通过分析企业成本核算中存在的问题,建议性的提出解决问题的有效对策.     

理论中的企业所有权:悖论性质及其超越

本文认为,无论用剩余索取权还是用剩余控制权抑或用这两种剩余权利的统一体来定义企业所有权,由于其对企业自然属性的忽视以及考察企业所有权的方法存在的问题,导致其无法规避理论上的悖论性结果。文章提出,为跨出这种理论上的悖论境地,必须寻找新的途径对企业所有权进行重新界定。在企业理论中,如果涉及到企业所有权,就简单地直接使用法律上的企业所有权概念;而研究那些"实际存在"的权利的时候,就使用产权这一概念,因为产权本来就表示一组权利。     

法制环境、两权分离与资本结构动态调整

本文实证检验了法制环境以及控股股东控制权和所有权分离对资本结构动态调整的影响。研究发现：上市公司控股股东控制权和所有权分离程度越高,实际资本结构偏离最优资本结构的幅度越大,资本结构调整速度越慢;上市公司所处的法制环境越好,实际资本结构偏离最优资本结构的幅度越小,资本结构调整速度越快;法制环境的改善能够显著的缓解两权分离对资本结构动态调整的负面影响;结合中国的制度背景,基于公司产权性质的分析发现,相比国有上市公司,非国有上市公司受法制环境和两权分离的影响更加显著。     

企业集团获利能力与价值挖掘:基于中国上市公司“利润逆转”的数据分析

我国上市公司净利润小与利润总额的利润逆转现象频频出现。通过对我国2001年度至2005年度出现利润逆转现象上市公司的总体样本分析,细究其出现逆转现象的原因所在,发现净利润并不能客观地反映集团公司的经营业绩。进一步讨论了利润逆转对于决策的意义所在,认为利润逆转的信号作用不容忽视,其所提供的战略信息不容小觑,因此利润逆转对于业绩评价尤为重要。利润逆转是企业未来持续获利能力的表达,是挖掘企业价值所在的有效途径。     

股权结构、董事会特征与会计信息质量关系的实证研究——来自A股上市公司的经验证据

选取2001-2005年期间被我国证券监督委员会公开处罚的财务报告舞弊的上市公司为研究样本,并选取了股权结构、董事会特征等方面的10个指标,对公司治理结构与会计信息舞弊的关系进行实证研究。研究发现:独立董事比例、审计委员会的设置与会计舞弊显著负相关,董事会规模、控制股东的性质、监事会规模与会计舞弊显著正相关。     

浅析学术交流的成本分类及成本控制

学术交流成本就是指学术交流主体在一定时间内为进行学术交流活动所支付的全部费用。它是考核学术交流投资效益的前提条件，也是计量和预测教师劳动报酬和进行学术交流规划、管理、监督与决策的依据。依据支出性质、使用目的和主体的不同，它可以分为直接与间接、计划与实际、社会与个人、物质与人员、制度和精神等若干成本类别。在学术交流活动中，我们可通过成本计划制定、成本项目设置、成本形成的过程控制等措施，对学术交流成本实施控制。     

Financial intermediaries,ownership structure and the provision of venture capital to SMEs: evidence from Japan

This paper examines how the provision of venture capital to small- and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) is influenced by the ownership structure of the venture capital provider. We introduce a new and unique dataset from the Japanese venture capital market, comprising data on investment and venture capital activities of 127 Japanese venture capital funds. The data allow us to provide a direct comparison of the behaviour of individual owner-manager venture capitalists versus financial intermediation (e.g., bank’s venture capital divisions). The data indicate owner-manager venture capitalists (financial disintermediation) give rise to much smaller portfolios of SMEs and more advice to entrepreneurs. Across the scope of different financial intermediation structures, including banks, life insurance companies, securities firms, corporations and government bodies, there are further differences in the provision of governance and value-added advice provided to SMEs. Also, the data indicate US-affiliated funds in Japan are more likely to have smaller portfolios and tend to provide more advice to SMEs.

大股东所有权、控制权与公司治理绩效的灰色关联分析——基于三一重工的案例研究

以中国"股权分置改革第一股"——三一重工为研究对象,采用案例研究的方法,对三一重工的公司治理绩效和控制性大股东的所有权、控制权以及两权分离度进行灰色关联度分析。实证研究结果表明:三一重工的最终控制大股东所持有的的所有权(现金流量权)在一定程度上抑制了其进行"隧道挖掘"的行为,起到了利益汇聚的激励效应,并且随着其所有权比例的上升,公司治理绩效随之提高。同时,三一重工的最终控制大股东虽然通过采用金字塔控股结构分离所有权与控制权,用较少的所有权掌握大部分的控制权,但是两权分离并没有降低上市公司的治理绩效,即两权分离并未产生隧道挖掘的防御效应。但是激励效应和防御效应均不显著。     

产权性质、审计师声誉与债务融资能力--基于中国2010－2014年A股IPO公司的经验证据

以2010－2014年中国沪深两市A股IPO公司为样本,实证检验产权性质、审计师声誉与债务融资能力的关系,研究结果发现：公司选择高声誉审计师的概率与国有控股比例成反方向变化;在其他条件相同的情况下,审计师声誉与IPO公司债务融资能力显著正相关;进一步研究发现,审计师声誉与债务融资能力的正相关会随着国有控股比例的提高而减弱。     

Exploring the dark side of pet ownership: Status- and control-based pet consumption

Desire for status or control may motivate some consumers to own certain types of pets. In the light of recent debates surrounding “designer pets,” this article examines the dark side of pet ownership through interpretive interviews with dog owners. The findings compare and contrast two types of ownership motivation — pets as companions to love versus pets as toys, status markers, and brands. This latter category forms part of the dark side of pet ownership. Owners differ in their motivation for ownership, their appreciation of the pet, the nature of human-animal interaction, breed choice, and the purchase of pet-related paraphernalia.     

区位选择、流通组织成本与生产服务性流通

在生产服务性流通成本影响厂商区位选择研究的基础上,本文分析了制造业集聚导致生产服务性流通组织成本降低的机制,以及制造业集聚与生产服务性流通之间的循环累积因果,从产业集聚视角考量了生产服务性流通发展的产销融合、价值链整合升级、流通一体化趋势及其政策含义。