资本主义发展的历史进程：以新经济为重点的考察

新经济并没有改变资本主义基本经济关系,但是,由于新信息技术的煤介和辅助,资本与知识的互动加强了。资本主义是一种弹性较大的经济制度,新经济就是这种制度作用的结果,它标志着美国经济又进入一个新长波。资本消极扬弃是资本主义经济关系演变的主要线索,它是资本 自我肯定与资本自我否定的统一,在新经济中,这一本质进一步表现出来。     

信用的发展与资本主义演进

信用经营的是供求链条,信用的基本物质载体是货币;资本主义信用始终倾力于市场的扩张,这既符合资本的内在要求,也由于信用工具的虚拟资本性质而隐藏着投机和风险;在资本主义基本矛盾加剧的历史趋势中,为了满足资本扩张的要求,信用开始异化:以货币供应的虚拟化为基础,资本主义信用由传统的资本婢女逐渐异变为资本的主导者,通过自我的疯狂扩张沦为直接掠夺和剥削的工具。随之,资本主义也在经历了工业主义、殖民主义和帝国主义后,进入金融资本主义阶段,其增长模式由传统的生产效率推动型演化为信用泡沫推动型;这个过程既是资本主义在框架内的有效调节,也是风险的升级和扩大,金融化使风险覆盖在资本主义信用触角所伸及的任何角落。     

新自由主义与资本主义多重性危机

由经济、政治、社会、文化等危机构成的多重性危机成为当前资本主义的重要特征.需要以马克思主义危机理论和资本扬弃理论为基础,揭示新自由主义体制下多重性危机产生的基础和原因,研究新自由主义理论的特征和新自由主义体制的阶级基础,从体制和制度视角前瞻危机的演变趋势和影响因素.西方发达国家与发展中国家不同的战略选择和博弈,将成为影响多重性危机和世界经济走向的基本因素;某些重大政治事件,可能对这一走势产生重要影响.     

当代资本主义的新变化及实质

当代资本主义生产力快速发展,资本占有形式日益社会化、劳资关系有所缓和、收入分配政策有所调整,阶级结构日益复杂化,上层建筑的一些重要环节进行了调整.当代资本主义在根本性质未变的条件下进行着自我否定,不断为未来社会创造条件.     

现代资本主义市场经济中的垄断与反垄断新析

从生产经营与资本的集中、金融资本的垄断和国际垄断等三个角度剖析现代资本主义市场经济中垄断的新发展,并对资本主义市场经济的反垄断实践进行理论解析;指出现代资本主义市场经济并不是完全自由竞争的经济,而是以垄断组织为主要竞争主体的经济;阐明现阶段发达资本主义经济体的反垄断法主要不是反对生产经营的集中度或垄断,而是主要反对生产经营上不利于有效竞争的垄断行为。     

国营公司与中国发展经验:“国家资本主义”还是“社会主义市场经济”?

本世纪00年代,计划经济时代的国有“企业”改制为盈利性国营公司,在中国快速的GDP发展中起到了积极作用.但这个事实被新自由主义的霸权话语所掩盖,因为它的认识前提是唯有私营公司才可能推动发展,由此把这个积极因素演绎为严重的不足.新自由主义的经济学和社会学还采用了一些抽象的理论建构来否认中国经济发展所导致的社会不公.经验证据说明,改革期间中央和地方政府的作为既是快速GDP发展的重要动力也是当今贫富差距极其严峻的根源.本文最后简单地讨论最近的一个地方上的实验,及其对中国未来发展方向问题的启示:不是在修辞层面上而是在实质性结果层面上,到底该是“国家资本主义”还是“社会主义市场经济”?     

超越资本主义文明“幻象”：中国式现代化道路的根本指向和价值旨归

在资本增殖逻辑强力扩张推动下,资本主义建立了独特的文明景观,为人类社会发展做出了贡献。但由于资本主义社会内部不可调和的矛盾,其在发展主体、发展理念和发展空间方面表现出了日益不可持续的趋势,这在深层阐明了资本主义文明绝非人类社会发展期盼的终极目标。中国式现代化道路始终坚持以人民为中心,将社会公共利益和人民福祉放置在资本增殖逻辑之上,以此不断深化完善驾驭资本体制机制,在扬弃资本逻辑建构新文明形态指向和创造美好生活的新经济正义方面,真正实现了对资本主义文明“幻象”的超越和发展。     

金融资本的历史与现实

马克思、希法亭和列宁分析了金融资本的产生和发展。他们的研究结果表明,从前资本主义时代的高利贷等生息资本,再到货币资本的独立运营,最后到垄断性的金融资本,资本形态在不断地发展、变动着。商业资本—产业资本—金融资本,是资本历史形态的更迭,其动因既是生产力的提高和信用的扩展,同时也是资本积累的必然结果。金融资本代表着资本发展的最抽象和最高级的形态,它的崛起将资本主义生产社会化推到了更高的层次,反映了当代资本主义从实物经济向虚拟经济过渡的基本趋势。     

当代资本主义“数字—金融”复合体的政治经济学分析

随着数字金融化与金融数字化的发展，数字资本与金融资本深度融合，“数字—金融”复合体成为当代资本主义社会中新生的资本形态。在金融科技的加持下，“数字—金融”复合体基于大数据构建信用体系，利用数字化服务、智能化工具等进行资本运作，显著提升了货币资本集中的规模与流动效率。但在资本逻辑的驱使下，“数字—金融”复合体的形成也强化了对大众的价值榨取和国际资本掠夺，加剧了垄断的形成。为此，应在政治经济学的视阈下，深入考察这一新生资本形态对资本运行规律和当代资本主义生产关系造成的重要影响。     

当代资本主义的新变化与资本主义生产方式的部分质变——兼与徐崇温先生商榷

当代资本主义的新变化既不是资本主义本质的根本改变，也不只是资本主义统治与剥削的手段、形式和斗争策略的改变，而是资本主义社会经济结构的部分质变。当代资本主义生产方式的积极扬弃，已经跨越了资本主义生产方式的临界点，超越了资本主义生产方式的界限，包含某些社会主义因素，逐渐向社会主义和平发展。因此，绝对不能抱着教条主义的态度，简单地用机械的、绝对的和主观的方法，而应当用辨证方法和历史唯物主义的科学方法来认识当代资本主义的新变化，根据新的历史条件来创造性地发展马克思主义理论，实现马克思主义理论的与时俱进和创新发展。     

Giovanni Arrighi: Systemic Cycles of Accumulation,Hegemonic Transitions,and the Rise of China

This article surveys and critically assesses the life work of Giovanni Arrighi, a renowned historical sociologist and world-systems scholar who passed away in 2009. In a trilogy of books published between 1994 and 2007 Arrighi develops the master concept of his theoretical legacy, systemic cycles of accumulation, and advances an original reading of the history and dynamics of world capitalism as a succession of hegemonic episodes, each one more expansive than the previous and culminating in crises and chaotic transitions. He anticipated the rise of a Chinese-led East Asia as the emergent twenty-first century centre of a reorganised world economy and society. Arrighi is faulted for failing to develop any theory of politics, the state and collective agency in his construct, for his lack of attention to social forces from below, and for his dismissal of recent theorising on globalization.     

Imagining the European Economy: 'Competitiveness' and the Social Construction of 'Europe' as an Economic Space

This article analyses the political and ideological agency of an emergent European transnational capitalist class in the socioeconomic governance of the European Union (EU) by examining the case of the European Round Table of Industrialists (ERT). It seeks to show that the ERT‐as an elite forum mediating the interests and power of the most transnationalise d segments of European capital‐has played a significant role in shaping European governance in as much as it has successfully articulated and promoted ideas and concepts thathave at critical times set the political agenda and, beyond, have helped to shape the discourse within which European policy making is embedded. Here, the increasingly neoliberal orientation of the ERT reflects, and at the same time is a constitutive element within, the construction of a new European order in which governance is geared to serve the interests of a globalising transnational capitalist elite, and hence the exigencies of global 'competitiveness'. Although in recent years some detailed work has been done on the role of the ERT in the internal market programme, there has as yet been little attention paid to (and thus interpretation of) the content of the ideas promoted by the ERT and hence to the ideological power that this forum of transnational capitalists exercises. The article is divided into four main parts. The first briefly elaborates the theoretical framework that informs my analysis. Drawing upon what has come to be labelled the 'neo-Gramscian school' in International Relations (IR), I willadvance a historical materialist understanding of the dynamics of European integration, emphasising in particular the role of transnational social forces‐as engendered by the capitalist production process‐in the political and ideological struggles over European order. The second part introduces the case of the European Round Table. I will claim that the ERT is neither a simple business lobby nor a corporatist interest association, but must rather be interpreted as having developed into an elite platform for an emergent European transnational capitalist class from which it can formulate a common strategy and‐on the basis of that strategy‐seek to shape European socioeconomic governance through its privileged access to the European institutions. It is this latter role of the ERT that will be the focus of the final two parts. As such, the third presents an analysis of the evolution of ERT's strategic project and the initiating role the Round Table played in the relaunching of the integration process from Europe 1992 to Maastricht. Following this, the fourth part will analyse the ideological orientation and strategic outlook of today's Round Table and its current role in shaping what I will call the neoliberal discourse of competitiveness which, I argue, increasingly underpins European governance.     

四维全球生产形态的国家竞争战略理论研究

本文在全球化的条件下,把霸权作为一个重要的系统变量引入国家竞争战略理论框架,在通过考察以美元霸权为基础的现实国际分工格局的变化以及对美国经济战略调整进行具体的历史分析基础上,构造了一个四维三极全球生产形态模型。这个模型可以恰当地描述创新型国家与追赶型国家相互之间的竞争行为,更深刻地刻画了国家竞争战略的本质特征。     

The Case of European Monetary Integration and its Former Hegemon

There is no historical precedent for the institutional set‐up of the eurozone. However, it is an arrangement that could not and cannot escape the universal laws and principles of economics. This article tries to look generally at the consequences of this integration project from the perspective of the former monetary hegemon, Germany, whose hegemony largely ended as a result of the monetary integration method chosen. Those consequences are, of course, more apparent in bad times than they were in good times. We then specifically examine the problem of convergence and divergence within a currency area and discuss the issue of competitive devaluation. In the conclusion, we try to formulate the fundamental dilemma faced by the former monetary hegemon. Its solution will affect those inside and outside the integration project.     

新农业革命与农业的21世纪

战后60年代第一次农业革命（绿色革命）的兴起·显著地推动了世界经济的发展。近年来，生物技术革命的风起云涌，又引起一场新农业革命（白色革命）的悄然兴起。新农业革命（基于白色农业）必将导致农业结构从自然型向人工型转换，从而在21世纪内将实现现代农业转向“未来大农业”的结构重组。21世纪必将是农业的新世纪。     

Governing new global health-care markets: the case of stem cell treatments

Stem cell innovation has enabled the growth of a global market of treatments for a wide range of diseases but most of this market operates outside the domain of orthodox forms of innovation governance. Much of the analysis of this issue has adopted a supply side perspective informed by the values of the orthodox scientific model of biomedical innovation, arguing that national and transnational regulation has failed to impose appropriate standards on the ‘illicit’ supply of stem cell treatments. In contrast, this paper shows how and why the analysis of global stem cell innovation governance must incorporate the market and health consumer demand into the conceptual framework. Central to the argument is the role of innovation models in mediating the relationship between demand and supply in the global market of new stem cell treatments. Different models of scientific and medical innovation mediate that relationship in different ways and, in jurisdictions where health consumer demand is frustrated, may result in parallel political demands for change in stem cell innovation governance. Such demands are likely to be resisted by the dominant scientific model, producing a further response from health consumers and a continuing dynamic in the political economy of stem cell treatments.     

资本市场信息披露意愿与公司价值的关联性分析

资本市场的信息披露对于上市公司的价值以及资本市场的财富效应具有重要的影响。为此，应在信息披露相关研究文献回顾的基础上，对资本市场信息披露意愿及其对公司价值的影响和作用效果进行深入分析，探讨不同信息披露意愿的现实意义及管制策略。     

Change mechanisms in the diffusion of residential energy conservation practices: an empirical study

Four types of variables that affect the diffusion of home energy conservation measures are assessed. These variables are the information possessed by households, household attitudes, the economic and demographic characteristics of households, and the attributes of conservation measures. A causal model of behavior change is presented based on Fishbein's theory of reasoned action. The model is tested using panel data on 225 homeowners from Decatur, Illinois and two conservation practices: employing winter night-time thermostat setbacks and adding attic insulation. The results illustrate the importance of all four change mechanisms. Many nonadopters have erroneous information about the financial and other benefits of the two practices. The elderly and the poor are particularly ill-informed. Negative attitudes are closely related to discomfort (for night-time setback) and expense (for attic insulation). As expected, barriers and incentives differ across population subgroups and innovations.     

The Political Economy of Addressing the Climate Crisis in the Earth System: Undermining Perverse Resilience

The Earth system is a complex adaptive system, characterised by non-linear change and with significant capacity for surprise. In times of systemic crisis, such as dangerous anthropogenic climate change, perverse resilience (for example the structural power of fossil fuel interests in the global economy) can threaten overall Earth system stability. Critical political economic analysis recognises climate change as a threat with significant political economic characteristics and implications. However, key dimensions of climate change as a globally coherent phenomenon, including the important implications of Earth system dynamism and non-linear change, can remain unrecognised, mischaracterised or underestimated. In contrast, resilience approaches describe social-ecological systems but neglect the significance of norms and power relations in human societies. This article builds theory by linking key concepts – hegemony and resilience – from neo-Gramscian political economic analysis and resilience approaches to social-ecological systems. Our objective is to generate a new conceptual framework to improve understanding of the role of politics in social-ecological systems. We use climate change and its mitigation to demonstrate the new framework's potential.