The Geography of Equity Listing: Why Do Companies List Abroad?

This paper documents aggregate trends in the foreign listings of companies, and analyzes their distinctive prelisting characteristics and postlisting performance. In 1986–1997, many European companies listed abroad, mainly on U.S. exchanges, while the number of U.S. companies listed in Europe decreased. European companies that cross-list tend to be large and recently privatized firms, and expand their foreign sales after listing abroad. They differ sharply depending on where they cross-list: The U.S. exchanges attract high-tech and export-oriented companies that expand rapidly without significant leveraging. Companies cross-listing within Europe do not grow unusually fast, and increase their leverage after cross-listing.     

关于权证创设的利益分析和制度比较

介绍权证创设的运作,分析权证创设中的各方利益,让读者对我国权证创设制度有一个全面概括的了解认识。探讨权证创设中存在的现象,并将我国权证创设制度与香港衍生权证增发规定进行对比,提出我国权证创设制度存在的不足及改进措施。     

私募股权融资的制度经济学分析

在我国,中小企业是推动经济社会发展的坚实力量,但融资难问题却成为制约中小企业发展的瓶颈。中小企业迫切要求拓展新的融资渠道,而私募股权投资基金是解决中小企业融资难问题的一项创新性制度安排。本文结合中小企业融资难现状,运用制度经济学的基本原理,从制度需求、制度供给和制度设计三方面入手,剖析了私募股权投资基金在我国的发展,并提出相关政策建议。     

企业债转股后的股权价值分析

企业债转股后的股权价值是资产管理公司以及国内外众多介入不良资产市场投资人所关心的问题.企业账面资产重置成本加和的评估值并不能解除他们对这些企业是否物有所值的疑虑.科学而详尽的股权价值分析才是得出令人信服的评估结果,从而为投资决策提供依据的最好方法.     

债转股企业经营业绩实证分析

随着债转股企业从改制阶段向股权管理阶段的过渡,债转股政策的效果、债转股企业的经营业绩倍受关注.通过对样本企业三年多的相关财务资料进行经营业绩实证分析,得出了债转股企业的经营现状和政策效果等相关结果,并提出了今后的政策建议.     

The Equity Theories and Financial Reporting: An Analysis

This paper reviews accounting literature in the English language on proprietary and entity theory in order to understand their implications for financial accounting and reporting. Although there is a lack of agreement on the definition and accounting implications of the various equity theories, the literature indicates clear differences between pure proprietary and pure entity perspectives of the firm. These differences particularly relate to the purpose of accounting and financial reporting, the distinction between debt and equity and its accounting implications for the analysis and recording of transactions and recordable events, and the definition, determination, disclosure and distribution of income. The main contribution of this paper is twofold. First, it explains in operational terms why an entity perspective of the company is theoretically irreconcilable with the asset–liability approach to the determination of income. Second, it makes clear that there is always an implicit perspective to financial reporting. Inconsistency in accounting standards results if the implicit perspective is not the same as the perceived focus of decision-usefulness.     

The Equity Premium

We estimate the equity premium using dividend and earnings growth rates to measure the expected rate of capital gain. Our estimates for 1951 to 2000, 2.55 percent and 4.32 percent, are much lower than the equity premium produced by the average stock return, 7.43 percent. Our evidence suggests that the high average return for 1951 to 2000 is due to a decline in discount rates that produces a large unexpected capital gain. Our main conclusion is that the average stock return of the last half-century is a lot higher than expected.     

股权估值方法探讨和实证分析

价值投资的前提、基础和核心是估值。在各种估值方法中,公司自由现金流（FCFF）折现法更适合私募股权投资行业在当前国内资本市场环境下的股权估值。通过对＂桂林三金＂的实证分析,证明FCFF估值模型是有效的。     

An Analysis of Seasoned Equity Offerings by Equity REITs, 1991 to 1995

This article examines the valuation effect around the filing and offer dates of seasoned equity offerings by Equity REITs over the period 1991 to 1995. Based on a much larger sample, our finding of a significantly negative reaction to filing announcements corroborates the evidence in Howe and Shilling (1988). Our analyses indicate that the valuation effect is impacted more by the information content of the filing than any tax-based explanations. We find a significantly negative valuation effect on the offer day as well. The effect persists even after adjustment of returns by the bid-ask bounce induced by excessive selling of shares in the secondary market by institutional investors to take advantage of offer price discounts. While we attribute the result partly to order flow imbalance around the offer day, this finding is inconsistent with extant literature merits and further investigation.     

The Pricing of Equity Carve-Outs

This article examines the pricing of stock for 251 equity carve‐outs during the 1986–1995 period. We document a mean initial‐day return of 5.83% and a mean one‐week return of 5.43%. Among carve‐outs, the initial underpricing is lower for issues represented by high prestige investment bankers and those that have a lower offer price. In comparison with 251 initial public offering (IPO) firms matched by size and book‐to‐market ratio of equity, carveouts exhibit significantly lower initial‐day returns, but their buy‐and‐hold returns for sixmonth and one‐year periods are not significantly different from IPOs. The IPO firms have a three‐year return of 28.82% which is significantly higher than the 21.07% return for the carve‐out firms.     

The Future of Private Equity

A distinguished University of Chicago financial economist and longtime observer of private equity markets responds to questions like the following:

• ? With a track record that now stretches in some cases almost 30 years, what have private equity firms accomplished? What effects have they had on the performance of the companies they invest in, and have they been good for the economy?
• ? How will highly leveraged PE portfolio companies fare during the current downturn, especially with over $400 billion of loans coming due in the next three to five years?
• ? With PE firms now sitting on an estimated $500 billion in capital and leveraged loan markets shut down, are the firms now contemplating new kinds of investment that require less debt?
• ? If and when the industry makes a comeback, do you expect any major changes that might allow us to avoid another boom‐and‐bust cycle? Have the PE firms or their investors made any obvious mistakes that contribute to such cycles, and are they now showing any signs of having learned from those mistakes?

Despite the current problems, the operating capabilities of the best PE firms, together with their ability to manage high leverage and the increased receptiveness of public company CEOs and boards to PE investments, have all helped establish private equity as “a permanent asset class.” Although many of the deals done in 2006 and 2007 were probably overpriced, the “cov‐lite” deal structures, deferred repayments of principal, and larger coverage ratios have afforded more room for reworking troubled deals. As a result of that flexibility, and of the kinds of companies that get taken private in leveraged deals in the first place, most troubled PE portfolio companies should end up being restructured efficiently, thereby limiting the damage to the overall economy. Part of the restructuring process involves the use of the PE industry's huge stockpile of capital to purchase distressed debt and inject new equity into troubled deals (in many cases, their own). At the same time the PE firms have been working hard to rescue their own deals, some have been taking significant minority positions in public companies, while gaining some measure of control. Finally, to limit overpriced and overlev‐eraged deals in the future, and so avoid the boom‐and‐bust cycle that appears to have become a predictable part of the industry, the discussion explores the possibility that the limited partners and debt providers that supply most of the capital for PE investments will insist on larger commitments of equity by sponsors to their own funds and individual deals.     

The Future of Private Equity

After a period of robust growth, the private equity industry has experienced a marked decline. In the wake of the 2008 economic crisis, the future of the venture and buyout industries seems unclear. This speech discusses four possible scenarios for the future of the private equity industry by examining the short‐ and long‐run determinants of private equity supply and demand. Possible scenarios include Recovery, Back to the Future, The Limited Partners' Desertion, and A Broken Industry. Although support is given for each of the scenarios, a clear prediction for the future remains difficult. The future of the private equity market is likely to be the subject of debate for some time to come.     

国债期限溢价与股权溢价之间动态相关性分析

鉴于国债期限溢价与股权溢价之间的相关关系具有时变性特征,本文运用BEKK-MGARCH、ADCC-MGARCH等模型从条件相关系数角度考察国债期限溢价与股权溢价之间的动态相关性。经验分析结果发现,在描述两者的相关性动态变化方面,考虑非对称性的ADCC-MGARCH模型优于BEKK-MGARCH模型;尽管国债期限溢价与股权溢价之间的条件相关系数大小在短期内会发生变动,但是条件相关系数在正负符号上却保持相对稳定。     

The Geography of Block Acquisitions

Using a large sample of partial block acquisitions, we examine the importance of geographic proximity in corporate governance and target returns. We find that block acquirers have a strong preference for geographically proximate targets and acquirers that purchase shares in such targets are more likely to engage in post‐acquisition target governance activities than are remote block acquirers. Moreover, the targets of these acquirers realize higher announcement returns and better post‐acquisition operating performance than do targets of other types of acquirers, particularly when they face greater information asymmetries.     

An Analysis of Closed-end Fund Seasoned Equity Offerings

We examine the stock price reaction to seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) of closed‐end funds and the determinants of the issuance decision. We find that sample funds have negative and significant average announcement‐day returns that are less than the returns associated with industrial firm SEOs, most likely because funds have fewer information asymmetries. Issuing funds have higher pre‐issue returns, higher premiums, lower betas, and lower three‐year, post‐issue returns than nonissuing funds. The results of the study are consistent with the argument that fund managers time issues to take advantage of mean reversion in fund returns.     

The Impact of Global Equity Offerings

This article examines the impact of U.S. firms issuing equity in multiple markets. We compare the stock price reactions to announcements of global equity offers to a control group of issues offered exclusively in the domestic U.S. market. All else equal, the adverse price reaction that typically accompanies equity issuance is reduced by 0.8 percent when some shares are sold abroad. The overall evidence suggests global offers are effective in expanding demand and reducing the price pressure effects associated with share issuance. The beneits of global offers appear to be associated with an increase in the number of foreign shareholders.     

银行集团附属公司股权投资分析

随着"巴塞尔协议Ⅱ"和"巴塞尔协议Ⅲ"的统筹实施,我国的银行集团应该高度关注通过附属公司投资形成的股权暴露对整个银行集团并表层面风险加权资产和资本充足率的影响。     

股权激励对上市公司的影响及投资策略分析

本文探讨了我国上市公司实施股权激励的环境条件，分析了股权激励对管理层、股东影响的内在机制，分析了实施股权激励对上市公司价值和业绩的影响。对股权激励类上市公司上涨因素的定量化分析显示，其上涨与公司现有的各项财务指标没有必然联系，而与公司的市场地位、行业发展趋势和关联交易之间存在明显的关系。本文认为，我国上市公司已基本具备实施股权激励的环境条件，实施股权激励有利于解决管理层和股东利益一致性问题，通过价值转移和价值创造，持续、有效地促进上市公司价值和业绩的提高，从而有效推动上市公司股价的上升，给投资者以强有力的信心和巨大的投资机会。     

上市公司股份代持的法经济学分析

从法律供求视角,结合相关典型司法裁判案例和执法案例,分析我国上市公司股份代持制度的供求现状,研究发现:应当增加股份代持制度供给.并采用成本效益分析方法研究如何增加制度供给.针对股份代持的制度设计,在《公司法》中要建立健全股份代持的基本规定,包括股份代持的效力、形式以及信息披露等;同时,在《证券法》中要完善股份代持的配套规定.     

中国商业银行股权成本:基于CAPM模型的估计

银行股权成本是银行内部资本决策的基准,也是计量银行加权平均资本成本的重要因素.本文尝试性地运用CAPM模型估计国内10家上市银行的beta因子和股权成本.本研究认为,运用CAPM模型估计国内上市银行的股权成本具有可行性,beta因子一定程度上能够反映不同银行经营策略和风险的差异,目前国内主要上市银行的实际年度股权成本约在10%-13%之间,高于发达国家上市银行平均水平,现阶段国内银行的盈利水平不仅能够补充投资者的风险溢价要求,而且提升了银行的经济价值.本研究为全面测算国内银行的加权平均资本成本奠定了基础,也为分析正在进行中的资本监管国际标准改革对国内银行业的影响提供了新的视角.