中国参考盯住篮子货币干预的实证研究

基于外汇市场干预灵活性的考虑,2005年7月,我国选择了参考篮子货币、有管理的浮动汇率制度。本文基于2005年1月至2008年3月的日数据,估计人民币货币篮子的影响权重及中央银行的干预规则。通过分析看到,直至2006年初才启动参考盯住篮子货币干预,并且是各币种逐渐引入干预规则,美元的影响权重逐渐下降,参考篮子货币的调整是积极稳定的。     

Care in the community: Professional Ethics and the paradox of pro bono

This study is primarily concerned with accounting's claim to be a profession and aims to stimulate further discussion on the kind of education that one would imagine should be commensurate with this claim. In particular, the study reports on a seminar that was designed to introduce students to the concept of a profession. The study describes a visit to one of Glasgow's toughest housing estates. The visit concluded at Ruchill Unemployment and Community Centre where the managing director of a local development agency discussed how some local accounting practices occasionally provided pro bono services in the area. The study picks up on some of the issues discussed during this seminar in order to explore the potential of pro bono publico and Service Learning as ways of educating accounting professionals in the wider concept of public interest. The study concludes by considering the critical educational potential of service learning in undergraduate education and pro bono publico within the area of continuing professional development.     

CEO/CFO characteristics and financial reporting quality: A review

This study reviews the literature on the association between different facets of CEO/CFO characteristics and the properties of accounting information. The review is organized around three broad themes, namely, the association between financial reporting quality and CEO/CFO turnover, the effect of managerial overconfidence on financial reporting outcomes, and finally the effect of CEO/CFO gender on reporting outcomes. This review illustrates the importance of considering CEO/CFO characteristics as an important determinant of financial reporting outcomes. This study offers insights to policy makers interested in enhancing the governance function to enhance the credibility of financial reporting. The review informs regulators that designing governance structure disregarding CEO/CFO characteristics may not bring desired benefits.     

The interactive effects of extroversion/introversion traits and collectivism/individualism cultural beliefs on student group learning preferences

This paper examines the interactive effects of extroversion/introversion personality traits and collectivism/individualism beliefs on students' group learning preferences. The primary motivation for this study is the mixed results obtained with prior studies on the relationship between extroversion/introversion and student preference for different learning approaches. These divergent results may be explained by the failure of previous studies to account for the confounding effects of students' cultural beliefs. Seventy six final year students from two universities in Hong Kong were asked to complete questionnaires on the extroversion/introversion 10-item test (MBTI) and the collectivism/individualism 4-item scale. The results confirm the concerns raised in this study that an examination of the effects of extroversion/introversion on aspects of students' attitudes and performance should also recognise the confounding effects of students' cultural and other beliefs.     

Provision of financial information and its impact on the relationship between executives and venture capital managers: A study of the private equity market in Egypt

This study makes an attempt to further understand the practices of private equity/venture capital (PE/VC) in developing markets. We focus our attention on the relationship between PE/VC firms and the investee companies (ICs) and its development. We investigate the provision of financial and non-financial information and its effects on the development of the relationship between chief executive officers (CEOs) and PE/VC managers in Egypt as one of the developing markets. Data were collected from Egyptian PE/VC firms via semi-structured interviews. Both similarities and differences were found between Egyptian PE/VC in respect of developing the relationships with their ICs. Results show that the provision of timely information allows PE/VC managers to: (i) have a higher degree of trust on CEOs; (ii) be more supportive of the CEO's strategic decisions; and (iii) interact more frequently with the ICs. The origin of the PE/VC firms seems to have an effect on the Egyptian PE/VC firms’ behaviours. International PE/VC firms are also more likely to get involved in every decision at the strategic level of the ICs. The current study provides some implications for both CEOs of the ICs and PE/VC managers. It is important for PE/VC managers to develop and maintain successful relationships with ICs, which will promote a positive image of the PE/VC firms that can be used for marketing purposes, which in turn can be translated into more deals in the future.     

The influence of change agents' behavioral intention on the usage of the activity based costing/management system and firm performance: The perspective of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology

This study adopts the viewpoint of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to examine the change agents' behavioral intentions in the implementation of an activity based costing/management (ABC/M) system. ABC/M is an important management system that emphasizes the allocation of overhead costs on the basis of cost drivers, in order to provide relevant information for improved decision-making. A change agent is a person chosen to cause organizational change. Senior managers and often chief executives usually play the role that implements change. The behavioral intentions have been identified as a proactive attitude and action for promoting the ABC/M system in this study. Since there is little evidence of ABC/M adoption outside the United States and European countries, this research used Taiwanese companies as the sample. Questionnaires were used to investigate the factors influencing change agents' behavioral intentions to promote ABC/M systems and the type of facilitating conditions that affected the extent of usage of ABC/M systems. The questionnaires were carried out through the perspective of user acceptance of information technology (IT). Furthermore, the aim of this paper is also to explore whether use of the ABC/M system will produce an improved effect on performance. The empirical results from 100 valid responses collected indicate that performance expectancy and social influence directly affect change agents' behavioral intentions. Both change agents' behavioral intentions and facilitation conditions are important constructs that affect the extent of usage of ABC/M systems. The extent of ABC/M usage is also significantly associated with relative financial and non-financial performance. The results demonstrate that the adaptive UTAUT model is applicable for measuring change agents' behavioral intentions in current implementations of ABC/M systems. The study also reveals the positive effect of change agents on the performance of ABC/M systems.     

Capital reduction case law decisions and the development of the capital maintenance doctrine in late-nineteenth-century England

Incorporation with limited liability enabled companies to ‘lock-in’ their financial capital’ and then invest in the long-term, highly specific investments on which the modern industrial economy would be based. The level of benefit varied from country to country, according to the way that the concept of capital lock-in, or maintenance, was defined in the legal systems concerned.

In the UK, the concept was not well defined in early company legislation and challenges were raised through the courts during the late nineteenth century. Some of these, the ‘dividend cases’, have been quite widely considered in the literature but direct reductions of share capital, or capital reduction schemes, have received far less attention, even though they raised fundamental issues concerning long-term dividend positions, the accounting treatment of accumulated losses, depreciation and asset values and had important effects on the development of the capital maintenance doctrine and on shareholder class rights.

The purpose of this paper is to question whether this literature adequately captures judicial influences on the development of the capital maintenance doctrine in England during the latter part of the nineteenth century, given the limited attention that has been paid to date to the leading capital reduction cases.     

On a symmetrization of diffusion processes

The latter author, together with collaborators, proposed a numerical scheme to calculate the price of barrier options. The scheme is based on a symmetrization of diffusion processes. The present paper aims to give a basis to the use of the numerical scheme for Heston and SABR-type stochastic volatility models. This will be done by showing a fairly general result on the symmetrization (in multi-dimension/multi-reflections). Further applications (to time-inhomogeneous diffusions/ to time-dependent boundaries/to curved boundaries) are also discussed.     

The monotonicity of the term premium: A closer look

Fama's evidence that the term premium on Treasury securities is not monotonically increasing is found to depend entirely on the behavior of bid-asked mean returns on 9- and 10-month bills, and only during the subperiod 8/64–12/72. When transactions costs, as reflected in the bid-asked spread, are taken into account, there is found to be no way to exploit this non-monotonicity. The anomalous behavior of the quotations is attributed to the Treasury's auctions of 9-month bills during the period 9/66–10/72. The hypothesis that the term premium is a monotonically increasing function of maturity remains unrefuted.     

Exploring effectiveness of entity actions to eliminate modern slavery risk – Early Australian evidence

The need for entities to eliminate the unethical and illegal practice of modern slavery in their operations and supply chains has led different jurisdictions to require large entities to report on how they assess the effectiveness of actions taken. In Australia, to build awareness of practices for internal and external stakeholders, the Australian Modern Slavery Act 2018 (Cth) mandates annual reporting in modern slavery statements and provides guidance as to how effectiveness of actions might be reported on. Based on theories/frameworks/models from literature addressing organisational effectiveness, an inductive analysis is conducted on the first 255 modern slavery statements published on the Australian Modern Slavery Register. Results indicate great diversity in approaches to reporting on effectiveness of actions, ranging from a total lack of reporting, through basic compliance, to going beyond compliance. The observations are used to develop a comprehensive framework for assessment of organisational effectiveness and an assessment of the extent to which current effectiveness theories/frameworks/models can guide future developments. The paper suggests adoption of the proposed framework can lead entities to improved transparency and validation of the effectiveness of their actions, as an important first step towards elimination of modern slavery in their supply chains.     

移动支付对家庭货币需求的影响——来自中国家庭金融调查的微观证据

本文运用2017年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,基于鲍莫尔—托宾模型研究了移动支付对家庭货币需求的影响。为了克服移动支付的内生性,本文选取工具变量,用两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)进行了估计。研究发现,相较于没有移动支付的家庭,拥有移动支付的家庭现金在金融资产的占比下降25%,对其他层次的货币需求也有显著的负向影响,表明移动支付的使用减少了家庭不同层次的货币需求。机制分析表明,交易成本变化是导致移动支付影响现金需求的重要渠道。进一步,本文用分位数回归发现,移动支付对预防性货币需求的影响大于交易性货币需求。移动支付对货币需求的影响在不同的年龄水平、教育水平、城乡地区、东中西部地区和不同城市之间也存在显著差异。本文的研究为理解中国家庭货币需求的变化提供了新的证据,可为相关政策的制定提供参考。     

Do EHR investments lead to lower staffing levels?

A study used FTE employees per adjusted occupied bed (FTE/AOB) as a measure to ascertain the effect of EHR investments on labor productivity. The study focused on three primary questions: Do FTE/AOB decline as the number of EHR applications used in a hospital increases? Is impact on FTE/AOB greater with some EHR applications than with others? Do FTE/AOB decline overtime, as the hospital continues to use the EHR application?     

Some observations regarding a missing elephant

The late Don Michael was one of the intellectual fathers of futures studies. He became a member of the Club of Rome in the pioneering days of The Limits to Growth and went on to influence the direction of futures thought in profound ways. His main contribution was in futures of learning: Learning to Plan and Planning to Learn, first published in 1973 and republished in 1997, is still considered a pioneering work in the field. His other works, including Next Generation: The Prospect Ahead for the Youth of Today and Tomorrow (1965), Future Society (1970) and New Competence: The Organisation as Learning System (1980) have all made significant contributions to futures studies. He died on 5 November 2000, after living with pancreatic cancer for a number of years. A few weeks before his death, Don Michael submitted the following article to Futures. It was first presented as an acceptance speech after receiving an honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters from Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center, San Francisco, October 1998.     

Bridging knowing and learning: a suggestion for accounting education

This teaching note describes an exercise which appears to prompt students to reflect on their learning. The exercise is based on five pairs of words concerned with knowing and learning: (1) learn/study, (2) educate/train, (3) know/understand, (4) teach/tutor, and (5) student/pupil. The exercise may appear trivial, even frivolous, but when successful, it can compel students to reflect, often for the first time, on the meaning and purpose of their educational experience. Frequently, students make explicit previously unarticulated views and feelings about the process and content of their educational programmes.     

Commercial Mortgage Default: A Comparison of Logit with Radial Basis Function Networks

This article explores the use of artificial neural networks in the modeling of foreclosure of commercial mortgages. The study employs a large set of individual loan histories previously used in the literature of proportional hazard models on loan default. Radial basis function networks are trained (estimated) using the same input variables as those used in the logistic. The objective is to demonstrate the use of networks in forecasting mortgage default and to compare their performance with that of the logistic benchmark in terms of prediction accuracy. Neural networks are shown to be superior to the logistic in terms of discriminating between good and bad loans. The study performs sensitivity analysis on the average loan and offers suggestions on further improving prediction of defaulting loans.     

民币对美元日汇率决定模型研究

基于汇率决定理论的最新研究进展．本文分析了人民币对美元日汇率的影响因素。研究发现,宏观经济新闻、外汇市场微观因素买卖价差是人民币对美元日汇率的重要影响因素,而中美相对利率并不是人民币对美元日汇率的影响因素。进一步,本文将随机游走模型、新闻变量以及外汇市场微观因素结合起来,构建了人民币对美元日汇率决定理论模型。实证研究发现,人民币对美元日汇率由自身滞后值、中国经济活动方面的新闻和零售市场买卖价差决定。     

2011年7月银行间市场运行报告

2011年7月,银行间市场平稳运行,交易稳步增长。主要特点是：货币市场利率震荡下行,银行间国债收益率曲线上移明显;外汇即期市场交易延续活跃,外汇掉期曲线整体上移,汇率升值预期减弱,人民币外汇期权交易进一步活跃。人民币外汇掉期、远期净额清算试运行,净额清算业务向衍生品市场延伸。     

客户经理胜任力特征分析——基于江苏省城市商业银行的调查

本文以近年来快速发展的城市商业银行为例,通过专家小组意见法确立了包含价值、品质与特质,元胜任,情感胜任,知识技能,行为胜任5个胜任力特征维度的城市商业银行客户经理胜任力词典,并以此作为外生潜变量构建了城市商业银行客户经理胜任力的偏最小二乘法评价模型。基于江苏地区城市商业银行问卷调查的分析结果显示:显著影响客户经理胜任力的外生潜变量依次为价值、品质与特质,元胜任,知识技能和行为胜任。情感特征没有通过检验,其对胜任力有影响但不显著。此外,元胜任对其他内生潜变量具有显著的影响。     

The relationship between earnings' yield,market value and return for NYSE common stocks: Further evidence

The empirical relationship between earnings' yield, firm size and returns on the common stock of NYSE firms is examined in this paper. The results confirm that the common stock of high E/P firms earn, on average, higher risk-adjusted returns than the common stock of low E/P firms and that this effect is clearly significant even if experimental control is exercised over differences in firm size. On the other hand, while the common stock of small NYSE firms appear to have earned substantially higher returns than the common stock of large NYSE firms, the size effect virtually disappears when returns are controlled for differences in risk and E/P ratios. The evidence presented here indicates that the E/P effect, however, is not entirely independent of firm size and that the effect of both variables on expected returns is considerably more complicated than previously documented in the literature.