From kites to computers: Pennsylvania's Ben Franklin partnership

The traditional strength of the Pennsylvania economy has been steelmaking and other heavy manufacturing activities. During the past decade Pennsylvania has felt the impact of mature markets for steel and other capital goods, international competition and new technologies, as unemployment in the state has consistently exceeded the national average. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, state policymakers were faced with the problems of how to ease the state's reliance upon these declining industrial sectors, help existing industries within the state to modernize, and stimulate the formation of new growth industries.Recognizing Pennsylvania's history of technological innovation and its strong resource base in corporate and university research and development, state policymakers set out to create flexible public/private partnerships to encourage greater university/industry cooperation, and to focus regional economic development efforts toward innovation and modernization. In 1982, the Pennsylvania General Assembly created the Ben Franklin Partnership program, which established four regional advanced technology centers at major research universities in the state. These advanced technology centers are consortiums of universities, businesses, economic development organizations, financial institutions, and others committed to the goal of job creation through industrial modernization and technological innovation.To date, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has provided $29 million to the advanced technology centers for joint industry/university research and development projects, entrepreneurial development and education and training. This state funding was matched by $90 million from businesses, foundations, and other sources. Because of the long-term nature of such a program, the early results of the Ben Franklin Partnership are modest; however, the program has been successful in establishing relationships among universities, businesses and economic development organizations which will serve as the basis for long term growth.     

On forecasting of innovations

The forecasting of basic technological innovations is focused. Clarification of the involved key concepts and an analytical framework are given. The forest industry serves as a background and illustration to the discussion. Considerable uncertainty prevails with respect to strategic investments in production in this industry. Industries, technological products, etc. have empirically been shown to pass similar phases of development over time. This life cycle starts with a basic innovation following on a previous invention. Due to competetion from more recent basic innovations the final phase is one of decline. Basic innovations are suggested to be exogenously determined and to cause structural change. The choice of forecasting strategy is suggested to be made dependent on the type of innovation, knowledge base, and life cycle position.     

熵理论对企业生命周期的解释

企业的生命周期大多经历产生、成长、成熟与衰退等阶段。决定企业处于不同生命阶段的因素在于企业是逐渐走向有序还是逐渐走向混乱,而描述物质的有序度“熵”能合适地表征企业生命的特征。企业经历不同的生命阶段时,其熵也会逐渐地变化。本文从“社会——经济——自然”的复合系统角度,应用熵理论解释了企业处于不同的生命周期熵变的特点。     

基于产品生命周期的汽车产业供应链设计

在现有理论成果基础上,选取具有典型意义且相对成熟的汽车产业为对象,分析了以整车制造商为核心企业的汽车产业供应链的特点,结合产品生命周期引入、成长、成熟及衰退期等不同阶段的供应链设计,提出了不同生命周期阶段符合汽车产品的供应链策略。     

基于生命周期视角的中小企业战略创新策略研究

中小企业对于经济增长、技术进步和大企业发展起到突出的作用。企业生命周期通常分为初创期、成长期、成熟期和衰退期四个阶段,不同的生命阶段,中小企业具有不同的特征。战略创新是在动态的环境中,企业为适应长期发展的需要对现有战略做出的根本性的变更,不同的发展阶段,中小企业战略创新的要点也不同。     

边缘企业成长的关键影响因素分析

文章通过对八家创业初期属于边缘企业性质的比较知名企业案例进行内容分析,找出了在不同发展阶段影响边缘企业成长的关键要素。研究发现:在初创阶段,与企业家个人相关的一些因素发挥了关键作用,如企业家的先验经验、管理才能、雄心壮志、风险承担能力和对事业的执著;到了成长阶段,这些因素的作用逐步降低,与企业相关的因素,像组织机制、员工素质、融资能力、成本控制、运营控制成为新的关键影响因素;而市场定位、创新、品牌、服务标准化和管理规范化这五个影响因素在初创阶段和成长阶段均发挥了非常关键的作用,是边缘企业成长过程中的几个关键点。     

家族企业家精神与家族企业发展

家族企业家通常兼具家长、企业所有人及经营管理者三种角色,是家族企业的灵魂。他们身上表现的个性特质、行为特质在家族利益的影响下,在进行家族企业的生产经营管理活动中形成了独特的家族企业家精神。家族企业家精神会影响企业的绩效、寿命和家产的增长,从而影响家族企业的发展。在家族企业内外环境的影响下,家族企业家精神形成后仍具有可变性。因此,要特别注意家族企业家精神的异化对家族企业可持续性发展带来的伤害,以及家族企业家精神巩固、丰富、提升和传承这四个关键因素。     

河北省新能源汽车产业创新路径研究

新能源汽车是目前河北省重点发展的战略性新兴产业之一。河北省新能源汽车产业发展虽然取得了一定成绩,但存在诸多问题阻碍其产业化发展。本文在分析这些问题的基础上,立足于技术创新生命周期的视角,从新能源汽车技术获取路径、示范推广和产业化应用三个层面设计河北省新能源汽车产业发展的创新路径,为河北省新能源汽车产业发展政策的制定提供了决策参考。     

Predictors of flexible working arrangement provision in small and medium enterprises (SMEs)

SMEs comprise 99.7% of all private sector businesses in Australia and employ 70% of the private sector workforce. They are therefore important to policies on flexible work arrangements (FWAs). The provision of FWAs has been found to usually contribute positively to employee well-being and business performance. However, the majority of studies focus on large firms and it is unclear whether these associations apply equally to SMEs. Using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Business Longitudinal database for 2007–2011(n = 2788), this study investigates the extent to which factors such as firm size, industry sector, terms of employment, employees’ skills and use of the internet at work affect the provision of FWAs in SMEs. The findings show that smaller businesses are constrained by resources to provide FWAs, but do so in pursuit of industry norms and/or as a result of the profile of their employees. It is also easier to provide FWAs in certain industries than in others and use of the internet facilitates the provision of FWAs.     

The determinants of industry concentration: two new empirical regularities

This paper reports two new empirical regularities concerning industry concentration. First, concentration levels closely correlate in related industries. Second, the correlation is moderated by the degree of relatedness between the industries. These regularities are derived from the Trinet database, using a survivor‐based measure of relatedness. We argue that these previously overlooked relations may be explained in terms of (1) ‘spillover effects’ between industries and (2) life cycle factors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

全寿命周期费用管理在上海LNG项目建设中的应用

当前,基于能源战略的考虑,国内LNG项目的建设风生水起。本文首先介绍了项目全寿命周期费用管理的理论以及LNG行业的建设情况,着重介绍了项目全寿命周期费用管理理论在LNG项目建设不同阶段的应用,研究如何使用该理论,才能真正达到全寿命周期费用最低。     

The linkage of HRM and knowledge-related performance in China's technology-intensive industries

This study examines the commitment-based and knowledge-based HR types to fully understand the role of HRM in China's technology-intensive industries. The relationships between the knowledge-based HR and commitment-based HR on firm performance were examined by using 156 firms in China's high technology industry in the Pearl River Delta area. The effects of innovation capability and workforce retention between HR and performance were also explored. The firm's innovation capability has been found to be an important determinant of firm performance. Retention has no significant impact on performance outcomes. HR plays a more important role in the growth stage of organizational life cycle. Implications for research and managerial practices are provided.     

R&D strategy and Australian manufacturing industry: an empirical investigation of emphasis and effectivness

This research investigates the degree of emphasis placed by the Australian manufacturing industry on Research and Development (R&D) strategy as well as on other organisational strategies such as marketing, HRs (HR), technology, and operations at the functional level. The research extends further to investigate whether the emphasis on R&D strategy differs with contextual factors such as firm size, firm’s generic strategy, type of market, firm’s life cycle stage, etc. A mail survey was carried out to collect information from manufacturing firms across Australia. This was followed by an on-site interview of some of the senior managers of manufacturing firms from three Australian states: South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales.The study found that although the emphasis on R&D strategy has received a high priority in the past few years, it has not been as effective as the operations strategy and the technology strategy. The operations strategy has been accorded the highest importance in the past few years and this will continue in the future. The study also indicated that firms, which adopt a differentiation generic strategy, put more emphasis on R&D than the firms, which adopt cost leadership and focus generic strategies. The results did not indicate any evidence of a relationship between firm size and the R&D strategy although large firms are found to put more emphasis on operations and marketing strategies. Relatively higher emphasis was placed on the R&D strategy by businesses: at the growth stage; involved in the manufacture of consumer goods as opposed to industrial goods; involved in exports with a higher sales growth in export markets; and having a higher growth rate relative to their industry.     

供应链生命周期下的绩效评价指标体系研究

分析了供应链不同生命阶段的绩效评价角度和重点，从形成阶段供应链的稳定性和可靠性、发展阶段供应链的成本和柔性、成熟阶段供应链的成熟度、顾客的满意度及价值开发、衰落阶段供应链的重构性等方面来构建供应链绩效评价指标体系，弥补了现今供应链绩效评价指标体系的不足。     

基于价值工程的我国建筑业低碳发展路径研究

数据表明,在我国低碳经济发展进程中,建筑业的低碳发展势在必行。本文通过分析我国建筑业低碳发展的必然性,借鉴发达国家建筑业低碳发展路径,应用价值工程的原理得出,我国建筑业低碳发展的路径为建筑行业内注重建筑物全生命周期的低碳发展、相关行业积极推广应用新能源新材料、以及国家通过宏观调控创造建筑业低碳发展条件。     

浅析上海时尚产业发展路径选择

随着时尚带来的社会经济效应飞速增长以及时尚消费需求的不断涌现和壮大,时尚产业已成为当前最具发展潜力的新兴产业之一。本文旨在分析时尚产业内涵特质、发展机理的基础上,利用CSCP范式,结合上海城市发展的阶段和特点,对上海发展时尚产业发展的路径选择进行简要分析。     

长江经济带物流业对区域经济发展影响的实证分析

文章以货运量和地区生产总值为衡量物流和经济发展的指标,运用Logistic模型分析长江经济带上、中、下游物流业与区域经济发展之间的定量关系,采用边际分析和弹性分析的方法计算出长江经济带物流业对经济发展的贡献.结果表明：（1）长江经济带物流已经经历规模快速扩张的阶段,粗放的增长对经济发展的贡献有限,应该将重点放在提高信息系统保障能力、经营管理运作能力、发展环境支持能力等“软件”建设方面; （2）长江经济带下游物流与经济处于良性循环状态,应尽快构建区域物流信息网络系统,整合区域物流资源,发展与IT产业和高技术产业相适应的快速物流业,探索第四方物流的实现形式; （3）长江经济带中上游地区,在推进基础物流建设的同时,抓住新一代信息技术普及的机遇,发展现代物流产业.     

河南文化产业实现从比较优势向竞争优势转变的四大要素分析

河南是文化资源大省,但文化产业发展相对滞后,只具备资源比较优势而未形成产业竞争优势。生产要素中最具有比较优势的是文化资源要素,其他生产要素比较优势不明显;在市场需求方面有较强的潜在优势,但受经济发展和收入水平的制约,文化市场和文化消费还处于发育初期;文化产业相关产业的开发还没形成规模,产业链的构成也比较单一;除少数形成规模的企业外,河南文化产业大多数企业的战略竞争力都较为低下。     

LED及新能源产业在宜昌的发展策略研究

LED照明及新能源产业正成为中国最重要的产业之一,其中蕴涵着巨大的机会,同时也面临着变革与挑战。本文详细论述了宜昌发展LED照明及相关新能源产业的意义,并通过广泛调研,提出了发展LED及新能源产业的建议。     

Industrial awards as manifests of business performance: An empirical assessment

Although suppliers receive awards for various reasons, research on awards has mainly focused on those related to quality. We focus on other types of awards and enquire as to whether they relate to the supplier's financial performance. We investigate the relationship of operational awards by industrial customers and new product awards by industry forums on financial performance. We use long-term financial data for a large sample of suppliers to assess the relationships across product life cycle stages. Results indicate that during the growth stage, operational awards are associated with return on equity, whereas new product awards are associated with growth. As products mature, supplier and product awards both show an association with return on equity. A series of managerial implications are set forth and discussed.