长株潭城市群生态经济发展模式研究

长株潭城市群是全省政治经济文化中心,该区域的生态环境问题对实现其社会经济的可持续发展至关重要。以可持续发展观为理论基础,以最大限度减少经济发展对生态环境的破坏为原则,分析长株潭城市群经济与生态环境发展的现状与问题,在此基础上提出生态工业园、生态农业、以旅游业为龙头的旅-农-工-商联动发展的三种模式,从而构建了一个较为理想的经济可持续发展模式。     

基于生态经济学的水质水量统一优化配置模型体系框架

用生态经济系统的概念、功能以及生态经济学的基本观点和原理,分析了水质水量统一优化配置问题;提出了水质水量统一优化配置的概念,分析了其内涵;阐述了水资源生态经济系统的生态经济阈和水质水量统一配置可行方案拟定的原则;依据生态经济系统结构优化限制性因素原理,构建了由配置方案生成模型和配置方案效果评价模型组成的水质水量统一优化配置模型体系框架。为水质水量统一优化配置研究提供了一种基本思路。     

Political economy of private firms in China

The sweeping change in political economy associated with the rapid growth of the private sector in China is rarely studied empirically in the economics literature. Using four cross-sectional surveys of private firms between 1995 and 2010, we examine the dynamics of rent creation from Party membership and other political connections when the regime changed from anti-capitalistic to pro-capitalistic during the period 2002–2004. We find that entrepreneurs with political connection enjoyed significantly more rents only after the constitutional amendments. This finding sheds lights on the nature of the political economy of today’s Chinese economy. Endogeneity/causality problems are addressed.     

The Militarisation and Marketisation of Nature: An Alternative Lens to ‘Climate-Conflict’

Policies addressing climate change are driving major transformations in access to global land, forests and water as they create new ‘green’ markets that reinforce, and attracts the financial grid and its speculators. This leads us to examine the rise of state violence and subsequent environmental policies in forests, transferring into both ‘fortress’ and ‘participatory’ conservation, enhancing this relationship with new environmental commodity markets. We go on to document how the new and intensifying commodification of the environment associated with climate change is manifest in conflicts linked to the UN-REDD+ programme, industrial tree plantations (ITPs), and land-use practices associated with conservation and biofuels. We trace conflicts to business practices associated with land acquisitions and mining practices which claim to address climate change and mitigate ecological crises. This paper thus grapples with systemic issues of the modern industrial economy and the mechanisms legitimising and advancing the militarisation and marketisation of nature.     

水转化机制与生态经济耦合运行探究———以滨水历史文化名城为例

历史文化名城的滨水区建设成为近年来全球水资源开发重点项目。城市资源的稀缺性和相应的名城效应使相关部门对其进行反复建设和优化,人们对城市滨水区的保护性建设和资源可持续利用也日益被关注。名城的水资源开发为顺应旅游产业化发展的趋势,务必探究水资源转化的过程。回顾和分析国内外转化机制研究、水资源开发研究和水资源转化机制研究,还有一些理论问题和实践问题有待我们解决。本研究旨在通过“三维空间模型”假说、“三层面关系模型”假说、“普遍性与特殊性”原理和“循环运行”原理构建“水资源转化机制模型”,解决现有水资源开发规划中量能不均衡问题;结合生态经济运行规律和水资源转化机制作用原理,从发展链的点段式管理角度、线型管理角度和环型管理角度构建“水资源转化机制及生态经济耦合运行模型”,进而创新资源开发规划理论和生态经济理论。     

气候变化伦理研究评述

气候变化日益成为国际社会的一个热门话题。关于对气候变化问题的国际辩论经历了一个从科学、经济学和政治学争论到伦理争论的历程。气候变化是一个典型的＂全球伦理问题＂,气候变化伦理问题的关键是利益冲突。要解决＂缓解＂和＂适应＂气候变化、碳排量分配的合理性、发展中国家的发展空间及其补偿等一系列问题,必须要对气候公正原则、共同而有区别的责任等问题获得共识。     

John Stuart Mill's utilitarianism and the social ethics of sustainable development

This paper considers the writings of John Stuart Mill in political philosophy and political economy as a prototype for ideals of a 'sustainable development' grounded in a norm of justice and social solidarity. Mill's conception of a just 'stationary state* of society is examined alongside his attempts to reconcile precepts of non-interference (individual freedom) and private property, with the constraints and obligations of social, economic, and ecological coexistence. It is shown that notwithstanding vaccillations, Mill ends up espousing an ethical norm of reciprocity and solidarity that is quite different from the premise of self-interest axiomatized in most economic models of competitive market economies. These intuitions about a duty of care complementary to the non-interference principle, when systematized, are shown to find a new contemporary application to questions of economic justice and environmental sustainability.     

Military Planning in a Context of Complex Systems and Climate Change

The task of the U.S. military will continue to grow due to destruction from climate change across the globe. Climate change has caused the loss of military bases due to the ocean rising, and caused drought, more intense storms, and hunger, all of which has led to ethnic cleansing, mass migration, the destruction of institutions, and war in global perspective. Violence will continue to grow at a rate faster than the military’s ability to cope without a change in purposeful planning. Two concerns stressed at the week-long consortium, in which I recently participated at the U.S. Army War College, were (i) the substantial military burden due to climate change and (ii) the need to use the principles of complex systems in planning. Thus, the military needs to reach into areas devastated by climate change in order to reduce the likelihood of violence, and to use the correct understanding of complex systems principles for military planning to prevent war.     

生态文明理念下的区域空间规划研究——以宁波北仑区为例

生态文明建设,作为继农业文明、工业文明之后人类文明建设的更高阶段,涉及社会、经济、生态环境众多方面,因此应当成为当前区域空间规划的新的理念和新的指导思想。以宁波北仑为例,提炼出生态文明理念对区域空间规划的新要求,介绍生态文明空间规划的内容和方法。文章首先分析了北仑发展现状及空间演化过程,认为其产业结构调整、生态环境保护和产业与区域空间格局方面存在一系列问题,建设生态文明具有必要性和紧迫性;然后详细探讨了北仑生态文明整体空间格局功能区划、产业空间、生态空间以及生活空间规划;最后提出了北仑生态文明建设的保障措施。     

The Political Economy of Addressing the Climate Crisis in the Earth System: Undermining Perverse Resilience

The Earth system is a complex adaptive system, characterised by non-linear change and with significant capacity for surprise. In times of systemic crisis, such as dangerous anthropogenic climate change, perverse resilience (for example the structural power of fossil fuel interests in the global economy) can threaten overall Earth system stability. Critical political economic analysis recognises climate change as a threat with significant political economic characteristics and implications. However, key dimensions of climate change as a globally coherent phenomenon, including the important implications of Earth system dynamism and non-linear change, can remain unrecognised, mischaracterised or underestimated. In contrast, resilience approaches describe social-ecological systems but neglect the significance of norms and power relations in human societies. This article builds theory by linking key concepts – hegemony and resilience – from neo-Gramscian political economic analysis and resilience approaches to social-ecological systems. Our objective is to generate a new conceptual framework to improve understanding of the role of politics in social-ecological systems. We use climate change and its mitigation to demonstrate the new framework's potential.     

The amenity value of the climate: the household production function approach

A basic assumption of the hedonic technique is that there are no barriers to mobility that prevent prices changing to reflect the net benefits of a given location. But climate variables are undeviating over relatively large distances and the absence of a common language coupled with the existence of political boundaries may prevent the net advantages associated with a particular region from being eliminated. Apart from in a handful of countries, methods alternative to the hedonic approach may therefore be required to estimate the amenity value of climate. Adopting the household production function approach this paper undertakes a systematic examination of the role played by climate in determining consumption patters using data from 88 different countries. Given certain assumptions the paper then proceeds to calculate the constant utility change in the cost of living for a 2.5 °C increase in globally averaged mean temperature. It is determined that high latitude countries benefit from limited climate change whereas low latitude countries suffer significant losses.     

加强环境审计促进生态建设

在人类经济高速发展创造着现代文明的同时，其生态环境却遭受着前所未有的蹂躏与破坏，环境污染日益加剧。如何从制造污染的企业外部和内部同时寻求治理监督环境污染的有力措施，这是本文的意义所在。本文从环境审计对生态建设的作用入手，分析现阶段我国环境问题和环境审计现状，并探讨环境审计的程序与方法，以促进我国的生态建设。     

Gender and climate change: Do female parliamentarians make difference?

This paper investigates whether female political representation in national parliaments influences climate change policy outcomes. Based on data from a large sample of countries, we demonstrate that female representation leads countries to adopt more stringent climate change policies. We exploit a combination of full and partial identification approaches to suggest that this relationship is likely to be causal. Moreover, we show that through its effect on the stringency of climate change policies, the representation of females in parliament results in lower carbon dioxide emissions. Female political representation may be an underutilized tool for addressing climate change.     

Who drives climate-relevant policies in the rising powers?

The future of human life on our planet is influenced increasingly by what goes on in the rising powers. This paper provides a political economy analysis of the climate-relevant policies of China, India, Brazil and South Africa. It shows that alliances play a key role in driving such policies. However, most actors who support such policies have priorities other than climate change mitigation. Their support for such policies comes from concerns with securing energy, building competitive green industries, creating jobs or providing a basis for future public revenue. This insight is not just of analytical but also of political importance. It means that climate-relevant policies can draw on support from a wide constituency – not just those with green convictions. Such analysis provides the stepping-stone for understanding the political feasibility of low-carbon transformations.     

工业规划环评中融入低碳经济理念构建新的指标体系

低碳经济是在全球气候变化和能源危机下产生的新型经济发展模式,是人与自然协调发展的基本要求和必然趋势。为解决能源消耗和环境污染,文章将低碳经济理念融入到工业规划环境影响评价中,初步建立融入低碳经济理念的评价指标体系,为工业规划环评提供依据,促进经济、社会和环境的可持续发展。     

Identification of national priority areas for adaptation to climate change in China

The problem of global warming has been identified as the first in the list of the top ten environmental problems in the world. As climate change will seriously affect the social and natural world that people live in, so it may lay serious repercussions on economic progress, social improvement, and sustainable development. International bodies everywhere and many of the countries＇ governments are responding urgently to this call In recent years, climate change has affected different regions in China in different ways. In its national agenda, the Chinese government should address the problem of climate change and its negative impact on socio-economic development. In this endeavor the nation should introduce policies which will help its people and economy to adapt to these effects and changes. Priority-fields of adaptation to climate change are the sensitive areas or departments which are more vulnerable to the negative influences of climate change. The negative impacts of climate change in some parts of China are considered to be very serious indeed as they affect the whole economy and community. As a result, priority should be given to these more affected regions for the limited state financing. This paper defines adaptation and discusses the basic principles and programs in the identi.fication of national priority areas where adaptation should be exercised. Based on the past studies, four priority areas in China are identified, namely, disaster prevention and mitigation, water resources, agriculture, and ecosystem. An analysis on the identification procedures, and the reasons and tasks involved are given for each.     

Climate change—environmental and technology policies in a strategic context

There are a number of features of climate change which make it one of the most challenging problems confronting policy makers and policy analysts. In this paper we consider three such features: (i) climate change is a global pollutant so there are strategic interactions between governments over climate policy; (ii) cutting greenhouse gas emissions can have significant cost effects across a number of sectors of the economy, raising concerns about the implications of climate change policy on competitive advantage; (iii) the long-time scales on which climate change operates means that an important dimension of climate change policy is policy towards R&D to cut the costs of dealing with climate change. In Ulph and Ulph (1996) [Ulph A, Ulph D (1996) In: Carraro C, Katsoulacos Y, Xepapadeas A (eds) Environmental policy and market structure. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 181–208] we presented a model to analyse these issues, but considered only environmental policies. In this paper we extend that analysis to allow for both a richer set of policy instruments (environmental and technology policies) and a richer strategic context.     

Taking Time for the Environment: On Timing and the Role of Delays in Environmental and Resource Economics

Ecosystem transformation and climate change evolve over long time scales. The effects of the economic decisions on the natural environment are also of a long-run character because they relate to investment decisions and capital stocks. At the same time, the economy is short-sighted and subject to different kinds of market failures. The time it takes to notice the changes and adequately address the associated problems affects the dynamics and inertia of the process. We discuss some recent contributions and new research questions that deal with time and timing in environmental and resource economics.     

创新发展中国特色社会主义政治经济学需处理好十个方面的关系

中国特色社会主义政治经济学是当代中国经济学的理论基础,是理论经济学与应用经济学相关学科的"硬核"部分.创新发展中国特色社会主义政治经济学需要处理好若干重要的关系,例如价值理性与工具理性的关系、马克思主义政治经济学原理与中国特色社会主义实践的关系、马克思主义政治经济学原理与中国特色社会主义政治经济学的关系、文本研究与实证...     

Markets,Morality and Climate Change: What,if Anything,is Wrong with Emissions Trading?

This article explores whether emissions trading is morally defensible To do so it examines three different kinds of moral consideration Which might be used to judge emissions trading. The first kind makes what I term an ‘ethical’ objection, and holds that utilising market instruments to combat climate change is inherently objectionable. I examine three versions if this ‘ethical’ argument but find none persuasive. The remainder of the article considers two additional moral considerations, both of which appeal to principles of justice. Drawing on these it argues that emissions trading can be morally defensible but only it it meets these two demanding moral criteria. First, the costs of emissions trading should be shared equitably. The paper examines what this might mean and criticises the leading account of what constitutes a just distribution of emissions Second, emissions trading must make an appropriate contribution to climate mitigation. A number of ways in which current emissions trading schemes signally fail to meet this second criterion are then noted. The article concludes that emissions trading schemes could in principle be morally defensible but only if new schemes are introduced or existing schemes are radically redesigned in line with the principles outlined in the article.