关于非正规金融发展方向的思考

非正规金融在我国农村金融市场上迅速发展壮大,并对我国农村经济的发展起到了重要的推动作用,因此把握好非正规金融的发展方向具有重要的意义.本文通过分析非正规金融的现状、成因以及正规金融与非正规金融各自的优劣势,得出结论:农村非正规金融与正规金融的有效合作是非正规金融发展的一条探索思路.     

中国农村非正规金融发展的收入效应——基于东、中、西部地区面板数据的实证

笔者利用1986年～ 2010年的区域面板数据,实证研究了中国农村非正规金融发展的收入效应.研究表明,东、中、西部农村非正规金融发展对农民收入增长具有显著的促进作用,各区域农村非正规金融在促进农民增收上的效率要普遍高于正规金融;上述效应在不同区域、不同时段差异明显;农村非正规金融发展对低收入者的回报更高,而正规金融发展对高收入者更有利.在此基础上,笔者就农村非正规金融规范发展和农村金融深化改革提出了相关政策建议.     

农村非正规金融的微观机理与政策测度:国外文献评述

通过对国外文献关于农村非正规金融问题的研究进行概览,本文发现,农村非正规金融不仅能够降低农户借贷的外生交易费用,还能够降低制度性的内生交易费用;农村非正规金融自发生成的各种内在机制具有较高的制度效率,农村非正规金融可以与农村正规金融共存;以家庭为结点的社区网络是农村非正规金融私人治理机制的基础;为了缓解农户贷款难的问题,由发展中国家政府推出的各种扶贫项目的作用却很有限,因而政府要想有效干预农村金融市场,就必须考虑并充分利用农村非正规金融的作用。但已有研究并未定量分析农村非正规金融与正规金融之间的复杂关系,鲜有文献计量农村非正规金融的经济增长效应;相关的理论研究比较零散,尚未形成一致的理论框架。这就为进一步的研究指明了可选方向。     

信息不对称条件下的农村金融供给不足及农村非正规金融的发展

对农村正规金融机构和农户之间的借贷博弈分析表明：在信息不对称条件下仅依赖正规金融机构是远远不能满足广大农户的金融需求的。而农村非正规金融具有交易成本优势和供给灵活等特点,能很好地适应农村金融市场的需求。为促进农村非正规金融的发展,短期应确立农村非正规金融的合法地位,以合会为突破口,大力发展农村非正规金融;中期应促进农村正规金融和非正规金融的融合;长期则应建立农协,实现农村农业产业和金融机构一体化。     

我国农村非正规金融规范发展研究

我国城镇化的进行需要全方位的金融支持,但长期以来我国正规金融机构并没有满足农村资金需求方的需求。我国可以利用非正规金融的作用填补农村正规金融供给的不足。目前,我国非正规金融的发展有它的必要性,同时也要认识到它也有一些消极因素存在。为了非正规金融的规范和健康发展,要建立健全相关法律制度,将其纳入金融监管范围中,还应该加强其与正规金融之间的合作。     

非正规金融与农村金融制度创新

2006年中央“一号文件”以社会主义新农村建设为主题，其中最大的亮点是创新性农村金融体制改革。本文从农村融资的供需角度对非正规金融的活动现状及内在诱因进行分析，并在此基础上通过构建农村金融部门发展模型，比较分析后认为：农村非正规金融并不是简单地对正规金融的拾遗补缺，而是与正规金融相并存的必要、的融资制度安排。最后提出五项建议，以期加快建立和完善农村非正规金融效用发挥的制度生态环境。     

我国农村非正规金融的特点及内在缺陷

农村非正规金融在农村经济发展中发挥了不可或缺的作用,但也存在着不少缺陷。在当前应趋利避害,利用非正规金融的积极因素,消除其不利影响,让农村非正规金融与国家正规金融一道来促进农业和农村经济的发展。     

中国金融发展与贫困减少的经验分析

金融发展情况介绍息息相关,本文通过构建计量模型的方式,对我国农村的正规金融发展、非正规金融发展和金融波动给农村贫困减少带来的影响进行了分析,并得出了相应的结论。虽然农村正规金融也能够促进农村贫困减少的影响却并不大,而且主要影响在于农村绝对贫困,农村相对贫困的影响不大。非正规金融发展也没有起到促进农村贫困减少的作用,而金融波动更会给农村贫困减少带来负面影响。因此要促进农村贫困减少,必须将非正规金融机构和正规金融机构和谐共生的农村金融体系建立起来,对农村非正规金融进行引导,避免和减少农村贫困减少受到的金融波动的不良影响,从而真正改善我国农村的贫困状况,,促进农村贫困减少。     

中国农村非正规金融组织的绩效分析与政策规范

农村非正规金融是由民间自发创造的、弥补体制内正规金融供给不足的一项诱致性制度变迁,它具有效率适应性,所以,从政策上应该赋于非正规金融合法发展的法律平台,构建非正规金融健康有序发展的制度体系,建立正规金融与非正规金融之间合作互补的资金支持。     

我国农村非正规金融发展的路径及其制度安排

近年来,随着正规金融在我国农村金融服务的战略收缩,非正规金融在解决农户融资问题、推动农村经济发展方面发挥了积极作用。但非正规金融自身存在的缺陷,也限制了其进一步发展。本文认为非正规金融的未来发展应克服内在缺陷和与现行金融体制之间的摩擦等影响因素,通过将农村非正规金融机构纳入正规金融体系、建立农村社区合作金融机构、吸引农村非正规金融资金流向农村正规金融机构等多种途径,促进其健康稳定发展。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.