Privatization and Technical Efficiency: Evidence from the Manufacturing Sector in Malawi

This study evaluates the impact of privatization on the technical efficiency of six privatized enterprises, three state‐owned enterprises and six private enterprises competing in three oligopolistic manufacturing industries in which privatization took place between 1984 and 1991 using panel data between 1970 and 1997. Technical efficiency scores are computed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based on the ‘intertemporal frontier’ approach for panel data. The results show that privatization in Malawi is associated with high mean technical efficiency in privatized enterprises and competing state‐owned enterprises and private enterprises. If we account for other sources of technical efficiency, in the full sample we find evidence that the competitive process is more important than privatization in increasing the technical efficiency of all enterprises competing in the same industries. However, the results of the subsample of privatized enterprises show that privatization significantly increases the technical efficiency of privatized enterprises, although we cannot ignore the role of domestic competition, capital intensity, multinationality and structural adjustment programmes as sources of technical efficiency.     

《小企业会计制度》在校办企业中的实施

本文根据校办企业会计制度的特殊性,分析了《小企业会计制度》在校办企业执行的好处和弊端,认为除了那些在短期内规模会突破小企业的范围或公开发行股票、债券进行筹资的校办企业外,其他校办企业应选择执行《小企业会计制度》。文章最后提出了《小企业会计制度》在校办企业的具体实施措施。     

内部薪酬差距与公司绩效--基于上市公司的实证研究

本文以2007-2010年A股上市公司为研究样本,研究在不同的环境下,高管团队与普通员工的薪酬差距对公司绩效的影响。研究发现：高管团队与普通员工的薪酬差距对公司绩效起促进作用。锦标赛理论成为近年来解释我国上市公司内部薪酬差距对公司绩效影响的有效理论。随着企业员工薪酬的不同,高管团队与普通员工的薪酬差距对公司绩效的影响也会不同。具体表现在,与员工薪酬比较低的企业相比,在员工薪酬比较高的企业中,加大高管团队与普通员工的薪酬差距将更有利于公司绩效的提高。此外,企业性质也会影响到薪酬差距对公司绩效的作用。具体来说,与国有性质企业相比,非国有性质企业的薪酬差距对公司绩效提升的促进作用更大。     

外资进入和我国企业的生产率：“溢出”抑或“挤出”效应

我国改革和开放是同时推进的，引进了众多外资企业来推动我国经济发展。那么，外资企业的进入是否有助于我国内资企业的成长？本文分析我国工业企业超大样本数据，探讨外资进入的影响，研究我国内资企业的生产率能否向效率前沿收敛。结果发现，我国不同类型的内资企业均存在效率前沿的收敛趋势，内外资企业生产率差距不断缩小。外资进入对我国内资企业的短期影响主要表现为溢出效应，但是对于同行业的其他外资企业呈现挤出效应，特别是其他独资外企。我们进一步发现外资进入的长期影响是挤出效应，但是对于国有企业和民营企业的影响却不尽相同。     

基于TOE框架的企业技术创新绩效多元提升路径——以73家军工装备制造企业为例

基于技术-组织-环境(TOE)理论框架,以73家军工装备制造企业为研究样本,运用模糊集定性比较分析法探究影响军工装备制造企业技术创新绩效的多因素协同效应,给出不同组态构型下企业技术创新绩效提升路径。结果表明：军工装备制造企业技术创新绩效受技术、组织和环境3个层面共7个因素的综合影响;产生高技术创新绩效的4条组态路径可归纳为组织驱动政府支撑型与组织技术协同驱动型,而非高组态路径有5条,且与高技术创新绩效的实现路径存在非对称性关系。     

加强民企品牌形象建设的探讨

在我国很多民营企业中,由于缺乏良好的品牌形象,致使优质的产品找不到应有的市场;或者有了好的知名度,却没有树立良好的美誉度,使企业蒙受巨大损失。塑造良好的品牌形象,已是当务之急。文章作者从品牌形象现状入手,分析了民营企业品牌形象塑造的必要性,并在借鉴国内外成功企业经验的基础上．从提高知觉质量的角度,提出了针对民企的一些战略措施。     

基于ERM框架构建国有企业投资风险管理体系研究

本文借鉴ERM框架和我国的企业内部控制规范指引,结合我国国有企业投资风险管理现状,分析我国国有企业投资风险管理存在的问题及其成因,以解决上述国有企业投资风险管理存在问题为导向,尝试构建“四维一体”的投资风险管理体系,即国有企业集团一般应该按照主体、目标、程序与方法四个维度构建一体化的投资风险管理体系。     

民营企业的股权结构与经理人激励

随着民营经济的发展,越来越多的问题暴露出来,其中,股权结构问题已成为阻碍民营企业发展的重要瓶颈之一.然而,实践证明,经理人股权激励可解决民营企业股权结构问题,而且可解决民营企业中的长期激励.本文在分析目前民营企业股权结构单一的基础上,指出对经理人实施股权激励可优化股权结构,有效激励经理人努力工作.     

论民营企业在旅游投资与经营中的资源整合

民营企业是近年旅游业投资与开发的主力军。现实中旅游资源的浪费与破坏十分突出，制约着行业的深层次发展。为了使民营企业在旅游业保持可持续发展的同时取得较好的经营效果，资源整合十分关键。文章主要从关系整合、地域整合、文化整合、信息整合与营销整合等方面提出了自己的见解。     

生产率影响差异及企业出口竞争力——基于不同所有制企业的实证分析

运用中国工业企业的微观数据,本文研究了不同所有制企业生产率对企业出口竞争力的影响。研究发现,所有制是影响企业出口竞争力的重要因素,国有企业的出口竞争力明显小于私营企业、外资企业和港澳台企业。进一步研究表明,生产率对不同所有制企业出口竞争力的影响存在显著差异。生产率对国有企业获得出口竞争力有负向影响,但私营企业、外资企业和港澳台企业的生产率水平越高,其进入出口市场的竞争力越强。     

中国自主品牌汽车产业发展与市场开拓

中国自主品牌汽车工业起步晚、底子薄,是在与外国企业进行激烈竞争中取得发展的.目前,中国自主品牌汽车已经在国内经济型、中级乘用车、SUV市场立稳脚跟,并且出口到发展中国家国外市场.在技术成果上,已经开发出拥有自主知识产权的发动机.在性价方面,自主品牌汽车具有一定比较优势,但存在整体质量不高、创新能力不足等问题.面对国内外广阔的市场前景,中国自主品牌汽车需要进一步增强实力.开拓市场.     

外资进入和我国企业的生产率：“溢出”抑或“挤出”效应

我国改革和开放是同时推进的,引进了众多外资企业来推动我国经济发展。那么,外资企业的进入是否有助于我国内资企业的成长？我们分析我国工业企业超大样本数据,探讨外资进入的影响,研究我国内资企业的生产率能否向效率前沿收敛。我们发现,我国不同类型的内资企业均存在效率前沿的收敛趋势,内外资企业生产率差距不断缩小。外资进入对我国内资企业的短期影响主要表现为溢出效应,但是对于同行业的其他外资企业呈现挤出效应,特别是其他独资外企。我们进一步发现外资进入的长期影响是挤出效应,但是对于国有企业和民营企业的影响却不尽相同。     

Comparison of Entrepreneurship Environment for Executives between State-owned and Private Enterprises in China

This research aims at exploring the differences in the effects of environment on entrepreneurship growth between state‐owned enterprises and private businesses. Through executive investigation, reasons are provided for better performance of private businesses. Environmental factors, including economic, legal, technological, cultural and social factors, which influence entrepreneurship growth, are examined to determine differences between state‐owned enterprise and private business executives. It is found that the methods of executive assignment to managerial posts determine executives’effort towards entrepreneurship.     

参与精准扶贫对企业财务绩效的影响——来自制造业上市公司的经验证据

以2016—2020年中国 A股制造业上市公司为研究对象,建立面板数据回归模型,实证检验了其参与精准扶贫对公司财务绩效的影响。研究发现,制造业上市公司参与精准扶贫能够显著促进财务绩效的提升;分样本分析结果表明,国有企业参与精准扶贫对财务绩效的提升更为显著。最后提出巩固脱贫攻坚成果、完善帮扶机制等建议。     

Development in North East People's Republic of China: An analysis of enterprise performance 1995–2002

Regional disparities within China are now an important policy question. Recently the three provinces of the north-east region have been identified as priority areas for regional development, along with the Western part of the country. The north-east is the old industrial heartland of the country and its economy is based around heavy industry, mineral extraction and state owned enterprises. This paper uses a unique database on medium and large-scale enterprises to establish how far enterprise performance in the north-east differs from the national average and the reasons for any such differences. It finds that even allowing for industrial structure and ownership, performance in the north-east is significantly below that in the rest of the country. This is attributed to aspects of the investment climate in the region.     

Vertical Spillover Effects of Multinationals on Chinese Domestic Firms via Supplier-Customer Relationships

Foreign direct investment （FDI） can benefit domestic firms in the host country. Using firm- level data for China, we find statistically positive vertical spillover effects of multinational enterprises on the performance of domestic firms through backward and forward supplier- customer relationships. The spillover effects are mainly from large multinational enterprises and are greater for state-owned firms and in poor regions. Our results are robust for both parametric regression and nonparametric matching techniques. Our findings have strong policy implications： while regulations relating to building business relationships with domestic firms when seeking foreign direct investment should be established, such policies should be aimed at private firms, big multinationals and less developed regions.     

EFFICIENCY OF CHINESE TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE ENTERPRISES IN THE 1990s BASED ON MICRO DATA FOR WUXI CITY, 1991–97

We examine the (technical) efficiency of collective‐owned township and village enterprises (COTVEs) in Wuxi City, China, after 1990 to study whether the acknowledged success of township and village enterprises continued in the late 1990s. Our results suggest that COTVEs did not decline in relative efficiency compared with other types of enterprises in the late 1990s, but that their productivity leveled off or declined. Furthermore, we find that COTVEs faced with a more serious shortage of working capital had a lower efficiency after the mid‐1990s recession. These findings cast doubt on the view that the vaguely specified property rights of COTVEs are responsible for their declining performance problems during the period just before 1998 when massive privatization began. Privatization of COTVEs without other macroeconomic policy changes may now be insufficient to cope effectively with their declining productivity.     

金字塔结构、政府控制与公司并购绩效

完全用西方的代理理论去解释转轨经济中中国上市公司的并购行为及绩效是缺乏说服力的。基于此,本文选择2007年-2010年我国上市公司的资产收购、股权收购等扩张性并购事件为样本,从国有产权及政府控制类别这一视角来考察政府干预对并购绩效的影响。结果显示,政府控制的上市公司因存在不同程度的政府干预而导致并购绩效较差,这一点在地方政府控制的上市公司表现尤为明显;进一步研究还发现,金字塔层级能够缓解地方政府控制的上市公司因政府干预对并购绩效产生的负面影响,但是在中央政府控制与非政府控制的上市公司里没有发现类似的证据。     

中国贸易收支对汇率波动的敏感性分析——基于不同贸易模式的比较研究

本文在理论分析基础之上,通过构建计量模型,利用1994~2009年的季度数据,从实证角度比较分析了不同贸易模式下中国贸易收支对汇率波动敏感性的差异性,结果表明,其敏感性在产品内贸易模式下较之传统产业间和产业内贸易模式下更低。由于中国持续性贸易顺差正是中国融入产品内国际分工体系所致,所以人民币升值并不是解决中国贸易顺差的合理之道。本文研究同时发现,人民币汇率波动对内资企业冲击较之外资企业更大。据此本文认为,尽可能维持人民币汇率稳定,通过攀升产品内分工高端价值链、优化贸易结构、鼓励企业"走出去"等,对于缓解中国贸易顺差更为可行。     

Productivity Spillovers from FDI in Malaysian Manufacturing: Evidence from Micro‐panel Data*

Using an establishment‐level panel dataset for the Malaysian manufacturing industries for 2000–2004, we argue that differences in the proxies and degrees of foreign shareholdings in measuring foreign presence lead to opposite signs and/or significance of spillover effects. The results show significant evidence of positive productivity spillovers to local establishments in the same industry, based on a broad measure of foreign presence. However, there is no evidence of positive spillover when employment share is used as a proxy for foreign presence. Furthermore, significant negative spillover effects are related to higher employment shares of wholly foreign‐owned establishments. Although there is no significant difference in labor productivity between wholly foreign‐owned and locally‐owned establishments, both majority and minority foreign‐owned establishments have significantly lower levels of labor productivity than locally‐owned establishments in Malaysia.