Global networks of clusters of innovation: Accelerating the innovation process

This article presents a framework for understanding new patterns of innovation and commercialization that are most easily observed in Clusters of Innovation (COI) and in the global connections established among them. We define COI as environments that favor the creation and development of high potential entrepreneurial ventures. COI are characterized by heightened mobility of resources (principally people, capital, and information—including intellectual property); increased velocity of business development; and a culture of mobility that leads to an affinity for collaboration, development of durable relationships, and the formation of Networks of Clusters of Innovation (NCOI). These networks are distinct sets of relationships. When the connections progress to the point of mutual dependence and business integration among participating enterprises, such covalent bonds form tightly interrelated business communities, or Super-Clusters of Innovation (Super-COI). In this article, we analyze the characteristics of COI and the nature of the relationships that arise between them to form NCOI and Super-COI. Further, we present an integrated model to better understand the global innovation system.     

Strategy shift: Integrating strategy and the firm’s capability to innovate

Innovation is a key source of organizational growth and profitability. Many organizations at the front end of innovation struggle to engender an innovation approach that is effective and lasting. This article presents a framework that defines the interdependency of innovation and strategy, and then outlines the role of top management to continuously renew the positioning of the firm. Based on a synthesis of prior research—including the Dynamic Capabilities View, Innovation Orientation, and Disruptive Innovation Theory—and our own experience working with organizations, we present an operational strategy shift framework, which allows practitioners to increase, refine, and transform their firm’s capability to innovate (CTI) toward achieving their strategic objectives. This framework provides guidance that leaders can use to integrate innovation into their strategic process.     

民营企业的创新战略研究

创新是决定一个国家社会经济发展的最重要的因素之一,企业则是整个国家创新体系最核心的主体。民营企业在我国国民经济中扮演着越来越重要的角色,也理应在我国国家创新体系中发挥更重要的作用。目前我国很多民营企业从事创新活动的愿望不太强烈,创新活动比较缺乏,需要通过“推拉战略”来激发民营企业的创新愿望。民营企业与国有企业相比,有很多实施全面创新战略的优势。     

Open innovation and growth in IT sector

IT services are overrepresented among high-growth innovative enterprises. The nature of innovation in IT requires knowledge search and collaboration, which together constitute the inbound open innovation (IOI) strategy. This study analyses whether the IOI strategies in IT service firms lead to different performance effects in comparison to other service and manufacturing firms. A quantile regression on multi-country data from the Community Innovation Survey indicates that innovative IT service companies share the same benefits from increased cooperation as other innovators, while displaying a strong growth dynamic compared to others. Therefore, IT service firms’ growth differential may not be related to external cooperation and knowledge sourcing.     

知识动态能力视角的电商平台大数据分析价值链战略

电子商务领域信息技术的开放性提高了服务创新的可见性,为适应多维度要素交互的平台竞争环境,需要基于电商平台丰富的数据资源,通过大数据分析提高战略规划的动态性、灵活性和响应敏捷性,形成一种能够快速集合与组织资源的模式,实现业务价值传递的可持续,满足竞争对抗与互动以及时间轴动态演化的需要。鉴于此,基于大数据分析、知识管理、动态能力、业务流程理论和指向性网络调查数据,构建大数据分析价值链战略研究模型,探讨大数据分析、动态能力、流程级创新与核心竞争力及战略绩效之间的关联。研究结果表明,大数据分析能实现有效的内生源和外生源知识管理,帮助企业形成动态能力,构建核心竞争力,进而提高战略绩效;大数据分析能提高企业组织的灵活性,可作为企业在竞争中赖以生存发展的战略投资;外生源知识管理和内生源知识管理均可单独运作产生知识动态能力,但外生源知识管理的作用更显著有效,更值得重视;知识共享是流程级创新的潜在障碍,与合作商进行知识共享需要选择合适的路径;动态能力既可直接影响流程级创新与核心竞争力,也可调节知识资产对竞争力的影响。总之,大数据分析能够通过影响动态能力和流程级创新来提高核心竞争力,且动态能力在知识管理与流程级创新及核心竞争力(战略绩效)间具有中介作用,电商平台应客观认识大数据分析潜在价值,将之纳入信息技术战略,通过梳理大数据分析→动态能力→核心竞争力→战略绩效的价值链过程,形成战略协同,最终提高知识创新的边际绩效。     

Knowledge-oriented leadership and open innovation: Role of knowledge management capability in France-based multinationals

This paper discusses the links between knowledge-oriented leadership, open innovation and knowledge management in the international business context. Open innovation has become crucial for an increasing number of multinational enterprises (MNEs) to gain and maintain competitive advantage and become a market leader. Despite the recent proliferation of papers dealing with open innovation practices of MNEs, there is limited work investigating the role of knowledge management (KM) capability on the relationship between knowledge-oriented leadership and open innovation. Given MNEs’ growing interest in open innovation, the lack of research on knowledge-oriented leadership and KM capability in the open innovation context is a significant research gap in our knowledge. In response, we conducted a study on the mediating role of KM capability in the linkage between knowledge-oriented leadership and open innovation (inbound and outbound), using data collected from 172 subsidiaries of MNEs based in France. A structural equation modelling approach is employed to study the impact of the latent variables associated with knowledge-oriented leadership and KM capability on open innovation. The results indicate that higher levels of knowledge-oriented leadership can lead to enhanced KM capability and improved open innovation outcomes. That is, knowledge-oriented leadership has a direct, positive impact on KM capability and open innovation. Also, KM capability is found to mediate the linkage between knowledge-oriented leadership and open innovation. This study provides useful insights for managers who wish to enhance open innovation activities in MNEs, and offers useful guidance to international business scholars, encouraging further research in this area.     

企业发展期和成熟期的战略影响因素与财务战略

企业生命周期理论认为,企业将经历创立、发展、成熟、衰落四个不同发展阶段。而发展和成熟期即企业发展最快和最高阶段。发展期因外部宏观环境和内部产业结构调整的影响,面临较大经营风险与财务压力,建立实施对自身发展有利的投资战略、筹资战略、收益分配战略十分必要。成熟期企业因规模的扩大、组织层次的增多,会弱化市场应变能力和创新驱动。企业成熟期的发展主战略是变革与创新,财务战略一般应采用"低负债、高收益、中分配"的稳健型财务战略。     

Open Innovation in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises (SMEs): External Knowledge Sourcing Strategies and Internal Organizational Facilitators

In this paper we explore how small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) engage in external knowledge sourcing, a form of inbound open innovation. We draw upon a sample of 1,411 SMEs and empirically conceptualize a typology of strategic types of external knowledge sourcing, namely minimal, supply‐chain, technology‐oriented, application‐oriented, and full‐scope sourcing. Each strategy reflects the nature of external interactions and is linked to a distinct mixture of four internal practices for managing innovation. Both full‐scope and application‐oriented sourcing offer performance benefits and are associated with a stronger focus on managing innovation. However, they differ in their managerial focus on strategic and operational aspects.     

商业生态系统视域下的企业动态能力构建

动态能力理论认为,随着企业竞争环境动态性的加剧,企业只有不断整合、构建、重组内外部资源和能力,才能适应快速变化的环境,获取持续竞争优势。近年来,信息和网络技术的广泛应用改变了企业竞争的基础,使得企业间的竞争由个体竞争转变为商业生态系统间的竞争。可将动态能力框架扩展到商业生态系统视域,通过对信息空间的搜寻和过滤,锚定企业创新机遇,决定商业生态系统愿景和本企业战略选择。根据战略选择确定资源需求,选择合作伙伴,构建价值网络,获取互补资源,对企业内外部知识和资源进行配置与共享,并保护本企业资源优势,取得新的竞争优势。商业生态系统进入衰退期后,重新寻找新的创新机遇与合作,通过健康的商业生态系统和不断创新实现企业持续发展。传统出版企业应选择加入商业生态系统,通过互补资源、共享知识与协同效应占据网络核心,确立领导地位,通过动态能力的构建和培育来应对外来种群威胁,获取持续竞争优势。     

The impact of internal,external, and competitor factors on marketing strategy performance

ABSTRACT

Strategy formulation is commonly understood as the match between a firm’s internal resources and skills and its external environment. Marketing strategy performance is the function of a dynamic, interactive process incorporating internal firm resources, external environmental factors, and competitive actions. The study aims to assess the impact of competitor actions on marketing strategy performance. We develop a model that accommodates the effects of 29 variables (comprising internal marketing strategy variables, external environmental factors and competitors’ marketing mix variables) on business performance. We empirically test the model using simultaneous equation modelling of time-series data on UK car manufacturers collected from publically available resources and annual reports. The results show that external factors, in particular competitors’ marketing mix elements, have a greater influence on a company’s business performance than internal (marketing and non-marketing) strategy variables. Implications for marketing theory and management are discussed.     

基于商业模式创新的企业能力发展研究

企业能力是企业获得和维持竞争优势的重要条件,其价值是通过商业模式体现出来的。商业模式创新需要企业能力的支持,同时也为企业能力的发展指明了方向。在企业能力与商业模式关系分析的基础上,分析了基于商业模式创新的企业能力发展方向决定机理,以及商业模式创新的不同类型对价值界定、流程管理和资源整合三种基本能力的不同要求。     

油田企业实施低成本战略的难点与对策

实施科学的低成本战略、不断提升经济效益,是我国油田企业在激烈的国际竞争中求得发展的必由之路.文章提出,国内油田企业成本管理战略的构建和实施,应在正确认识中外石油企业油气操作成本差距的基础上,充分考虑中外企业所处地理、人文和社会环境的差异,依靠管理体制机制和管理手段的创新,推动成本管理变革,提升企业国际竞争力.     

高新技术企业数字化管理基础理论研究

与其他企业不同的是,高新技术企业的管理应当采用数字化管理模式,高新技术企业的数字化管理理论主要研究管理与管理者、组织结构、人力资源与创新、效率、市场与顾客、竞争与战略等六个方面的内容。     

Barriers to Innovation among Spanish Manufacturing SMEs

Innovation is widely recognized as a key factor in the competitiveness of nations and firms. Small firms that do not embrace innovation within their core business strategy run the risk of becoming uncompetitive because of obsolete products and processes. Innovative firms are a perquisite for a dynamic and competitive economy.
This paper reports on the results of a study that examined barriers to firm innovation among a sample of 294 managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Spain. The study examined the relation between (1) product, process, and management innovation and (2) 15 obstacles to innovation, which can limit a firm's ability to remain competitive and profitable. Findings of the study show that barriers have a differential impact on the various types of innovation; product, process, and management innovation are affected differently by the different barriers. The most significant barriers are associated with costs, whereas the least significant are associated with manager/employee resistance. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the costs associated with innovation have proportionately greater impact on small than on larger firms.
The findings can be used in the development of public policy aimed at supporting and encouraging the innovation among SMEs in Spain. Government policies that encourage and support innovation among all firms, especially small firms, can help countries remain competitive in a global market. Public policy that encourages innovation can enable firms to remain competitive and survive, both of which have direct implications for employment and a country's economic viability. The results may also be insightful for managers who are attempting to encourage innovation. Understanding barriers can assist managers in fostering an innovative culture by supporting new ideas or by avoiding an attitude that creates resistance to new ideas.     

行业领先企业技术创新模式分析——以宝洁公司360度·联系与发展型创新模式为例

本文以宝洁公司360度创新和联系与发展型结合的创新理念作为重点分析案例,研究宝洁企业的技术创新历程,通过总结技术创新的思想模型,为所有的大中小企业提供技术创新模式开发的思路,引发企业对技术创新思想与意义的深入思考是有必要的.     

企业技术创新动力的影响因素及其整合模型

本文认为,企业技术创新的根本动力是企业基于竞争对手而对技术创新的收益预期;基本动力来源于企业对技术创新的内在需求;影响企业技术创新的因素有企业内部环境、企业技术创新能力、外部资源约束及外部环境等;外部环境因素主要有技术发展的推动、市场竞争的压力和政府的政策激励等。文章提出了企业技术创新动力要素的整合模型。     

绿色农产品市场均衡障碍及化解

随着人们对环保和自身健康的日益重视,绿色农产品已成为全社会关注的热点。分析绿色农产品市场均衡的障碍,探寻化解绿色农产品市场均衡障碍的路径。为此,研究对提高绿色农产品市场效率,促进绿色农产品生产与贸易和谐发展具有重要意义。     

A technological innovation model based on resource integration

This paper proposes a model of network innovation based on resource integration drawing upon relevant literature on technology innovation. Through a case study of China Shenhua Energy Company Limited (Shenhua), it finds that in a high-velocity environment, technological innovation in enterprises becomes more external-oriented and network-oriented. The innovation patterns used in Shenhua mainly include hub and spoke innovation, chain innovation, and aggregation innovation. The adoption of these innovation patterns greatly enhances Shenhua’s innovation performance under the moderation of management mechanism of integrating internal and external resources.     

绿色物流管理策略探讨

经济的发展、环境的恶化使物流企业认识到对资源的开发和利用必须坚持可持续发展的战略。物流企业可以通过集约、优化各种资源,提高流通效率、压缩流通成本的同时也节约资源、提高资源利用效率。文章从绿色物流的内涵入手,简析了绿色物流兴起的原因,从运输、仓储、包装和流通加工四个方面对绿色物流策略进行了探讨,为物流企业管理提供借鉴。     

论中小企业理财模式的创新

我国中小企业主普遍存在重经营而轻管理的现象,企业管理者对理财重视程度不高,企业内部理财状况不佳,外部理财环境较差。推进中小企业理财模式的创新,加强中小企业管理者理财风险意识是前提,科学配置资本结构是手段,设置专门的金融服务机构是关键。