新古典一般均衡与凯恩斯货币均衡的比较研究

以“技术关系”分析为核心的新古典一般均衡和以“社会关系”分析为核心的凯恩斯动态货币均衡在假定条件、货币的性质、均衡的条件及分析方法上都存在着根本差异。通过比较这两种均衡理论,可以看出新古典货币理论存在逻辑矛盾,现代宏观经济学的微观基础应当是凯恩斯货币均衡理论。用马克思的方法而不是新古典的方法来改造凯恩斯经济学,是发展凯恩斯理论的科学路径。     

新古典市场价格理论的缺陷与马克思市场价格理论基础的构建（上篇）

目前 ,新古典生产函数存在着“资本度量与新古典生产函数的存在性问题” ,效用函数存在着“效用的度量问题” ;正是这两个理论缺陷使得供给曲线和需求曲线的推导缺乏坚实的科学基础 ,从而使得新古典市场价格理论这个庞然大物成为一个泥足巨人。本文在变量劳动价值理论基础上推导出供给曲线 ,从社会效用劳动均衡推导出需求曲线 ,为市场价格理论提供科学的基础 ,在此基础上 ,构建马克思的市场价格理论 ,并且说明 :短期市场均衡价格是边际劳动耗费的表现形式 ,长期市场均衡价格是部门平均劳动耗费的货币表现形式 ,即生产商品的社会必要劳动时间的表现形式。     

新古典经济增长理论的局限性--基于面板数据的实证分析

运用面板数据同积检验方法,本文考察了产出与资本投入和劳动投入之间各种可能的新古典柯布一道格拉斯型跨国生产函数关系。实证分析显示产出与投入之间长期稳定的跨国生产函数关系之存在与否关键取决于各国经济增长的独特国家特征和独特技术进步路径。这一发现意味着不存在通用于各国的总量生产函数,从而从根本上揭示出新古典增长理论的局限性——因各国总量生产函数不同,新古典增长模型在经济增长之跨国比较分析方面的理论指导意义有限。     

新古典经济学及公司合同理论质疑

以新古典经济学为基础,波斯纳对法律制度进行了全面的经济分析。而伊斯特布鲁克和费希尔则是公司法经济分析的代表。其缔造的公司合同理论,贯彻了市场本位的价格理论,认为公司是合同的联结,法律制度无关紧要。新古典经济学及公司合同理论远离经济现实,受到新制度经济学及其他学派的挑战。     

新古典宏观经济学的经济周期理论述评

二十世纪七十年代初,凯恩斯主义经济学在受到经济实践批判的同时,新古典宏观经济学也指出了其理论的缺陷,并以此为基础构建其宏观经济学的微观基础,即经济主体的理性原则、理性预期、市场出清,建立了货币经济周期理论和实际经济周期理论,否定政府政策的有效性,反对政府干预,力图完成其对凯恩斯主义经济学全面彻底的批判。     

马克思货币需求理论与西方货币需求理论的比较

货币理论是经济学中最富争论的理论之一。货币理论的基础也就是供求规律。对于其中的货币需求理论,从古至今有不少学者发表了不同的看法,形成了几种互不相同但彼此又有一定联系的学说。比较这些理论的异同,对于我们学习货币理论并制定和分析现实的货币政策具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。     

新古典自由贸易理论一般均衡分析的实例分析

本文首先分析新古典贸易理论的基本理论体系与扩展,之后运用实例分析基于一般均衡分析角度上的新古典贸易理论,从而说明新古典贸易理论的贸易模式与贸易得利,这样能够使学生较好地掌握国际贸易理论中的新古典自由贸易理论。     

Production Function Geometry With Knightian Total Product

Abstract: Authors of principles and price theory textbooks generally illustrate short-run production using a total product curve that displays first increasing and then diminishing marginal returns to employment of the variable input(s). Although it seems reasonable that a temporary range of increasing returns to variable inputs will likely occur as variable inputs are added to a set of fixed ones. This proposition implies an isoquant diagram that is not a familiar one in text-books. The authors examine a linearly homogeneous production function conforming to the textbook case and construct its isoquant diagram. They then use a geometrical proof attributable to Geoffrey Jehle (2002) to demonstrate that, in general, isoquants must have, outside the traditional ridge lines, a range where they are convex toward those (MP = 0) ridge lines and another range where they are concave toward them if there are short-run increasing, then diminishing, marginal returns. The authors suggest how this issue might be presented to students.     

An Index Approach to Measuring Product Differentiation: A Hedonic Analysis of Airfares

The main objective of this paper is to introduce an Allen-type index of differentiation based on cost functions. With this index, we create an economic measure of product differentiation that quantifies differences between products. Applied research has some generally accepted economic measures, for example, the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index for market concentration, or the Gini coefficient for inequality. Product differentiation, however, does not yet have an established measure. Our objective is to fill that gap and introduce a measure that can be used in market-related applied research such as market power, antitrust, price indexes, or market strategy. To operationalize the index, we introduce the concept of a core product and use cost functions to measure the degree of differentiation from the core product. To demonstrate the use of the index, we study the effect of product differentiation on price formation in the airline industry using an enhanced hedonic model. The model is empirically tested on 103,980 observations of quarterly US domestic airfare data between 2002 and 2016 and shows that product differentiation has a significant effect on both price and mark-up.     

The role of uncertainty in the term structure of interest rates: A GARCH-ATSM approach

This article examines the roles of uncertainties regarding various macro-variables in determining risk premiums of bond yields. We develop a multivariate GARCH-VAR to quantify uncertainties regarding inflation, real activities and monetary policy as time-varying conditional variances. We jointly estimate the multivariate GARCH and no-arbitrage bond pricing equations using a maximum likelihood method. The results indicate that the inflation uncertainty is the largest contributor to the dynamics of long-term yields since the 1980s, while the monetary policy uncertainty also plays noticeable roles.     

基于研发柔性的产品开发价值与开发策略研究

通过引入研发柔性的概念,在对其进行分析与衡准的基础上,探讨了企业在不同研发柔性水平下的产品开发价值,构建了基于研发柔性的产品开发价值函数,提出了基于研发柔性的企业产品开发策略和产品价值实现途径。     

Product Variety and Real Exchange Rates: The Balassa-Samuelson Model Reconsidered

This paper introduces product variety into the Balassa-Samuelson model in order to extend the model of real exchange rate determination. With product differentiation, real exchange rates depend not only on the relative price of nontradables to tradables but also on relative prices among tradables. This paper identifies a new factor that determines the extent of variety, termed Infrastructural Technology, and that affects real exchange rates not through the relative price of nontradables but through relative prices among tradables. This paper also conducts empirical tests, and the results of these tests support the model. Received May 31, 2001; revised version received March 20, 2002 Published online: April 30, 2003     

Linear and nonlinear Granger-causality between short-term and long-term interest rates during business cycles

This paper is about the causal relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates in the US and Canada. To that end, we apply a linear Granger causality test introduced by Toda and Yamamoto (1995 Toda, H. Y., and T. Yamamoto. 1995. “Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes.” Journal of Econometrics 66 (1–2): 225–250. doi:10.1016/0304-4076(94)01616-8.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and the nonlinear Granger causality test of Diks and Panchenko (2006 Diks, C., and V. Panchenko. 2006. “A New Statistic and Practical Guidelines for Nonparametric Granger Causality Testing.” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 30 (9–10): 1647–1669. doi:10.1016/j.jedc.2005.08.008.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). By combining linear causality effects with the nonlinear ones, it is seen that the most common Granger causality direction between short-term and long-term interest rates is a bidirectional one. We also find that nonlinear Granger causality can be found where no linear causality had been uncovered. Moreover, our findings show that during recent business cycles, the federal funds rate (in the US) and the overnight rate (in Canada) still Granger-cause long-term interest rates significantly.     

利率上调对中国住房市场影响的动态分析

构建一个简单的住房需求供给模型,从未预测到中国人民银行对利率上调和已预早测到中国人民银行要对利率进行上调两方面来分析利率上调对中国住房市场的影响。研究结果表明,利率上调通过影响住房市场供求和房租这两个途径来影响中国的住房市场,并且当住房价格上升过快时,利率上调可以作为一个调控中国房价的有效手段。     

泰勒规则与我国货币政策反应函数——基于潜在产出、自然利率与均衡汇率的研究

潜在产出、自然利率和均衡汇率是货币政策决策和效果评价的重要参考基准。通过状态空间模型对我国潜在产出、自然利率和均衡汇率水平进行联合估计,并在此基础上通过建立一个包含汇率因素的"混合型"泰勒规则对我国货币政策反应函数进行估计,结果显示,我国货币政策行为对通货膨胀、产出缺口和汇率波动作出了较为及时和稳定的反应,但货币政策的前瞻性有待提高。     

浅析国家利益在经济全球化中的作用

经济全球化已成为当今世界不可阻挡的历史潮流,且随着时间的推移而不断发展。许多学者曾就经济全球化产生 的根源和发展的内在动力等进行探讨。本文试图从国家利益对经济全球化作用的角度谈一些自己粗浅的看法。     

产品架构的作用:研究综述与发展方向

通过文献综述,系统梳理了产品架构的静态作用、作用生发机制、作用与情境的匹配、作用演变等,并提出了未来的研究方向。