要素投入对企业创业绩效的影响

通过构建改进的Cobb-Douglas 生产函数,以我国创业板上市公司336家企业数据为样本,实证检验了创业期企业要素投入对创业绩效的影响。研究结果表明,劳动投入、资本投入、研发投入、管理水平、销售能力、资产负债率对企业创业绩效均有显著促进作用,企业规模对企业创业绩效的影响作用不显著。同时发现,我国创业期企业在要素投入方面具有从增加传统要素（劳动和资本）投入向提高技术效率要素投入方向转变的特征。进一步深化了新兴经济市场企业创业绩效与要素投入之间关系的研究,同时可为创业期企业进行合理要素投入配置提供借鉴。     

要素投入对企业创业绩效的影响——基于创业板上市公司面板数据的实证分析

通过构建改进的Cobb-Douglas生产函数,以我国创业板上市公司336家企业数据为样本,实证检验了创业期企业要素投入对创业绩效的影响。研究结果表明,劳动投入、资本投入、研发投入、管理水平、销售能力、资产负债率对企业创业绩效均有显著促进作用,企业规模对企业创业绩效的影响作用不显著。同时发现,我国创业期企业在要素投入方面具有从增加传统要素(劳动和资本)投入向提高技术效率要素投入方向转变的特征。进一步深化了新兴经济市场企业创业绩效与要素投入之间关系的研究,同时可为创业期企业进行合理要素投入配置提供借鉴。     

中层管理者视角下国有企业探索性内创业过程机制研究

从中层管理者视角出发,基于注意力基础观理论,运用扎根理论研究方法,分析构建国有企业探索性内创业过程机制模型,并动态阐述中层管理者推动下国有企业探索性内创业的3个战略阶段：动机形成阶段、制度性筛选阶段和嵌入性销售阶段。研究结果表明,政策红利不再、中层管理者个体创业导向引发国有企业探索性变革;中层管理者根据注意力配置机制,对探索性创业机会进行制度性筛选;通过制度、自我、同侪、高层管理者4个层次,实现国有企业注意力聚合,最终实现探索性内创业。结论不但丰富了企业内部创业相关研究,也为如何激发中层管理者在企业内部创业的管理实践提供了启发。     

支持乡村创业和农村中小企业发展对策研究

随着我国农村创新创业环境不断优化,农村中小企业发展迎来“春天”,但因乡村创业主体非理性创业、创业层次不高导致我国农村中小 企业发展普遍面临着融资难、技术及人才匮乏等问题。因此,本研究针对上述问题,从提供技术与管理支持、拓展销售渠道等方面提出支持乡村创业 和农村中小企业发展的对策,以期为农村农业发展提供新方案。     

顾正军:用改革与创新完成跨越

10年历程,青岛熙龙集团有限公司由两三人的团队发展成了如今300多人,集研发、设计、生产、施工、销售、服务于一体的大型现代化高科技企业。创业容易守业难,顾正军用发展的眼光,通过改革与创新,依靠全体员工的努力完成了向现代企业的跨越。     

基于创业企业成长的创业能力转化机制研究

对已有的关于创业企业成长的理论进行了综述,提出了创业能力是影响创业企业成长的主要因素。在创业能力内涵和维度界定基础上,论述了创业能力整合与创业企业成长的关系。提出了创业能力整合能有效地促进创业企业成长,为创业企业二次生命周期循环提供动力和源泉,给创业企业带来持续的竞争优势。详细论述了创业能力整合与转化过程,分析了创业能力转化的支撑条件和转化机制,为创业企业实现创业能力整合提供方向。     

高科技企业创业决策的动态最优控制分析

提出了高科技创业企业在创业的演进过程中的两个最为核心的元素,即高科技创业企业的“二元论”,分析了高科技创业企业的高科技水平和创业管理水平之间的作用机理,最后建立了创业企业的最优控制模型,并得出了相关结论。     

中国创业企业的战略选择：差异化还是低成本战略

创业企业在解决就业、推动创新等方面对于经济发展有着越来越重要的作用。目前的战略管理理论都是基于成熟企业开展的研究,关于创业企业的战略,关注的较少。本文从创业企业的视角,修正了经典五力模型。同时结合创业企业的产业特征,分析了创业企业的战略选择路径。本文最后结合中国创业企业的实际情况,对于中国创业企业的战略选择提出了相关的建议。     

上房集团人才储备长短跑

一个人既负责人力资源管理、又负责销售管理，这在一般的企业并不多见，而上海房屋销售集团有限公司人事和销售总监严安却正好集这两个角色于一身。严安在主营业务为房屋销售代理的上房集团也算是创业元老了。2000年，她从IT企业人力资源管理的职位转型到上房集团做人力资源总监，当时老板对她的要求就是：如果不了解整个生产线是如何运转的、如果不能理解一线员工的需求，就做不了这个岗位。为此，严安最初2年一直在跟业务，弥补欠缺的房地产专业知识。     

创业导向、网络嵌入与创业型企业成长关系研究

网络嵌入对创业型企业的成长具有重要意义,但现有文献研究结论的差异体现了相关作用机制尚有待于进一步明晰。以企业家网络规模作为企业家网络嵌入性的代表变量,把企业家网络嵌入、企业创业导向和创业型企业成长绩效三者结合起来,运用172家创业型企业数据,实证研究多因素交互作用下创业导向对企业家网络嵌入性与创业型企业成长绩效之间关系的影响。结果显示,企业创业导向负向调节企业家横向网络规模与创业型企业成长绩效之间的关系,企业创业导向正向调节企业家纵向网络规模与创业型企业成长绩效之间的关系。理论贡献主要在于将创业导向作为调节变量引入实证研究,并构建了一个反映企业家网络、企业环境与企业绩效三者作用关系的理论模型。     

Foreign Acquisitions,Domestic Multinationals,and R&D

Our aim in this paper is to evaluate the causal effect of foreign acquisition on research and development (R&D) intensity in targeted domestic firms. We are able to distinguish domestic multinational enterprises (MNEs) and non‐MNEs, which allows us to investigate the fear that the change in ownership of domestic MNEs to foreign MNEs leads to a reduction in R&D activity in the country. Overall, our results give no support to the fears that foreign acquisition of domestic firms leads to a relocation of R&D activity in Swedish MNEs. Rather, in this paper, we find robust evidence that foreign acquisitions lead to increasing R&D intensity in acquired domestic MNEs and non‐MNEs.     

农户参与式水利管理与政府声誉缺失——一个基于博弈框架的分析

为解决农户有效参与水利管理的合作意愿,本文基于博弈论的农户合作管理困境,首先对农户参与水利管理的单次静态博弈进行了合作意愿分析,得出农户在合作的单次博弈中必将陷入两难困境,导致个人理性和集体理性产生冲突,农户产生"搭便车"的倾向,且农户集体之间的合作难以达成。其次,基于不完全信息和有限理性的研究假设,再次对农户所处的两难困境进行重复动态博弈分析,推演出农户参与水利管理的合作意愿主要来自政府的有效激励机制设计及承诺。最后,本文以浙江省为例,对500个农户参与水利管理的合作意愿进行了实地调查,结果显示与农户合作博弈过程中的研究结论相符,并据此得出相应的对策及建议。     

Does a clustered location matter for high-technology companies' performance? The case of biotechnology in the Netherlands

Young entrepreneurial companies in biotechnology tend to cluster in space, nearby research universities and research centers. This pattern is often ascribed to the availability of external economies, mainly local knowledge spillovers that help to reduce the uncertainty from a disruptive technology faced by these companies. Given a shortage of empirical research on cluster advantages and performance of clustered companies, we present results of a comparative analysis of clustered and non-clustered companies in biotechnology and Bionanotechnology in the Netherlands. It appears that, among other influences, a clustered location has no significant influence on innovation and speed of growth. However, a location in the largest cluster (Leiden) does contribute to a better performance in terms of innovativeness compared with all other locations. The kind of external economies involved seems to vary according to the stage in the knowledge value chain and the segment in biotechnology industry. Knowledge spillovers tend to be local for companies involved in new drugs and diagnostics research only in the first stage of the knowledge chain and for service companies regardless of the stage in the knowledge chain.     

Rewards and Sanctions and the Provision of Public Goods in One-Shot Settings

A burgeoning literature in experimental studies of the Voluntary Contribution Mechanism focuses on the ability of institutions that allow the monitoring, sanctioning, and/or rewarding of others to facilitate cooperation. In this paper rewards and sanctions are examined in a one-shot VCM setting that so far has been unexplored in the literature. The study finds that while some subjects are willing to reward and sanction others at a personal cost, the opportunity to reward or sanction is ineffective in facilitating cooperation relative to previous experiments in which a repeated game environment is employed. The study also compares behavior in an environment in which the imposition of rewards and sanctions is certain to an environment in which imposition is uncertain. The expected value of the reward or sanction is kept constant across environments to focus simply on the effect of uncertainty about imposition. Uncertainty does not change behavior in a significant way, either in the level of cooperation or the willingness of individuals to impose rewards or sanctions.     

中美两国基础研究社会捐赠比较及对我国的启示

鼓励多元化投入基础研究的国家政策频繁出台，使社会捐赠作为基础研究投入来源引起学者普遍关注。美国运用社会资本进行科研捐赠具有多年发展经验，在支持生命科学、数学、物理学等前沿基础研究领域取得较好成效。为考察我国基础研究社会捐赠现状，对中美两国社会捐赠框架、科研投入多元化格局、捐赠激励政策、非营利机构布局及社会捐赠瓶颈等内容进行对比，从增设基础研究捐赠类目、成立基础研究专项基金会、完善基础研究捐赠税收优惠政策和积极吸收社会小额捐款4个方面提出适合我国国情的基础研究社会捐赠政策措施。     

The political economy of contributive pensions in developing countries

This paper sheds light on the role of public institutions as a way to reduce tax evasion through a close link between payroll taxation and pension benefits. We use a political economy model in which agents have the possibility to hide part of their earnings in order to avoid taxation and, where the public system is more efficient in providing annuitized pension benefits than the private sector. We show that in the absence of evasion costs, agents are indifferent to the tax rate level as they can always perfectly adapt compliance so as to face their preferred effective tax rate. There is unanimity in favour of the maximum tax rate and, the public pension system is found to be partially contributive in order to increase tax compliance and thus the resources collected. This, in turn, enables higher redistribution toward the worst-off agents. When evasion costs are introduced, perfect substitutability between compliance and taxation breaks down. At the majority-voting equilibrium, individuals at the bottom of the income distribution who are in favour of more redistribution, and those at the top who want to transfer more resources to the old age, form a coalition against middle-income agents, in favour of high tax rates. In addition to the previous tax base argument, the optimal level of the Bismarkian pillar is now chosen so as to account for political support.     

Profit rate dynamics, income distribution, structural and technical change in Denmark, Finland and Italy

Under less restrictive assumptions than in previous contributions, this paper highlights various patterns of profit rate dynamics that are common to the countries under scrutiny. Without a substantial re-distribution of income in favour of profits, the profit rate declines. When labour productivity is weak the profits/wages ratio declines leading to a decline in the profit rate, also due to capital deepening. Developments in the capital-labour ratio tend to increase the organic composition of capital while those in the ratio between the capital price deflator and the average wage tend to decrease it. Falls in the profit rate took place in countries with a weak technological change with episodes of Marxian bias. Employment shifted from low to high capital intensity sectors, from low to high organic composition industries and from low to high productivity sectors. Rising strength of labour and realization failures tend to have a greater role than rising organic composition in cyclical profit rate dynamics. Over the cycle, the first mechanism is also the first one to show up, while the others tend to follow it. Theoretical and policy implications are offered.     

What hinders innovation performance of services and manufacturing firms in Mexico?

Barriers to innovation are heterogeneous, of financial and non-financial nature. The importance of barriers to innovation and their actual influence on innovation depend on firms’ characteristics such as sectoral affiliation, technological behavior and their response to perceived obstacles to innovation. Firms either continue to engage in innovation, or they avoid the activity altogether. This paper explored the nature and perceived importance of the obstacles to innovation that firms confront, in a developing-country context; we build on survey data about firms in Mexico. Our findings suggest that two kinds of policy interventions should help offset a firm’s perception of barriers to innovation. On the one hand, policies should enhance the innovation capacity of firms interested in innovation; on the other hand, policies need to tackle factors that reduce the interest of firms in innovation. Policies that boost demand for locally generated innovations would assist in achieving both these goals.     

Uncertainty and the slowdown of capital accumulation in Europe

The slowdown in the process of capital formation in continental Europe in the 1990s is analysed. Sector-level data from the OECD's International Sectoral Data Base (ISDB) are used. Econometric estimates of an investment function indicate structural instability in the early 1990s and, specifically, a break in the coefficient linking the growth of capital stock to demand. This result neither seems to be related to non-linearities in the relationship between capital formation and expected demand, nor to the sectoral composition of European economies. Evidence is found that the drop in the accelerator is at least partly attributable to greater demand uncertainty in the 1990s as compared with the earlier period.     

Pollution,energy use,GDP and trade: estimating the long-run relationship for Vietnam

Since the beginning of economic reform in the 1980s and, in particular, with its openness to international trade accelerating since the 1990s, the Vietnamese economy has registered significant growth. At the same time, energy consumption and the level of pollution in Vietnam has also increased. This article aims to focus on the link between openness to trade and pollution in Vietnam. Due to lack of data, very few existing studies have focused on Vietnam. Using annual data from1980 to 2011 and employing the bounds testing approach to cointegration, based on an autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) model, we find that there is a statistically significant long-run relationship amongst pollution, openness to trade, energy consumption and real national income in Vietnam. This conclusion continues to hold when the possibility of a structural break in the relationship is allowed for using the Gregory-Hansen approach to cointegration. Analysis of the cointegration relationship suggests that, in response to any exogenous shock to the system, adjustment back to the long-run equilibrium is very fast.