不完全竞争、贸易与资源配置扭曲

传统理论认为,随着全球化的深入,市场竞争加强,垄断程度会越来越低,因此当市场处于开放的状态下,贸易被认为能够帮助纠正垄断定价带来的资源配置扭曲。然而数据显示,行业间和地区间的成本加成异质性随着时间增长在不断扩大,贸易使垄断力量差异变大。由于行业进入壁垒不同,贸易对竞争程度不同的行业影响不同,进入壁垒低的行业由于更易于参与贸易,成本加成相比于进入壁垒高的行业进一步降低,这也预示着各行业间的成本加成差别将会变大,资源配置扭曲的程度加深。本文试图建立一个包含不完全竞争的一般均衡模型,说明开放部分行业的贸易政策会导致福利损失,而市场进入壁垒的消除能纠正不对称贸易自由化造成的资源配置扭曲。     

基于市场绩效的中国互联网产业良性发展实证研究

由于互联网产业迅猛发展以及本身所具有的特性,互联网产业呈现出寡头垄断市场结构,这样的市场结构是否损害了竞争进而影响了互联网产业市场绩效的提升呢？从静态的资源配置效率和动态的技术进步两个角度对中国互联网产业的市场绩效进行了研究,结果发现：无论是资源配置效率还是技术进步．中国互联网当前的寡头垄断的市场结构并没有妨碍到市场创新和提升用户的满意度,中国互联网产业总体发展是良性的。     

基于福利经济学视角的出租车数量管制分析

出租车行业竞争性很强，对该行业进行的数量管制必然以社会福利的损失为代价，主要表现在：数量管制造成人为的垄断，给社会带来无谓的损失并形成高额的垄断租金；数量管制限制消费者的选择权，对管制租金的争夺又导致出租车司机和管制主体之间的冲突；数量管制不能克服城市拥堵问题。取消出租车数量管制，可以避免由垄断造成的低效率，增加社会就业，提高消费者的福利。     

我国自然垄断行业市场化改革基础性制度建设必要性分析

我国自然垄断行业市场化改革形成有效竞争机制离不开政府的管制,而管制要增进垄断行业的社会福利必然依托于管制所依存的基础性制度的健全。但在转型时期我国基础性制度建设相当不完善,这无疑增大了这一行业改革的难度。     

STRATEGIC BUYERS IN A DURABLE GOODS MONOPOLY

In a simple two-period durable goods monopoly model, we study the effect of buyer behaviour on the monopolist's payoff. When the buyer behaves strategically, the monopoly seller gains from not being committed; the usual cost of a no-commitment argument collapses.     

Steel Enterprises to the Global Large-Scale

From the market structure, the steel industry was considered as backbone of a country＇s industries in the past. In a single country, generally there will be phenomenon of monopoly, therefore, compared to other industries, globalization and large-scale of steel industry have been lagged behind. The production proportion of world＇s top five steel enterprises is increased slightly from 12% in 1989 to 14.9% in 1999.     

Why World Oil Monopolization Lowers Oil Prices: A Theory of Involuntary Cartelization

This paper first shows that, in the absence of long-term production commitments, time-consistent monopolistic sellers of a wasting natural resource will underconserve their resource. Since the present values of the profits of these uncommitted monopolists are generally much lower than under competition, the only rational explanation for the persistent recurrence of such monopolies in the oil industry is the high profits to current generations of oil buyers, who unite to establish such a producer monopoly. The victims of such a monopolistic cartel, besides future generations of consumers, are the producers who must involuntarily expand their current productive capacities in order to benefit the cartel leaders, who stand to benefit from the higher future prices. OPEC, rather than being a monopolistic cartel, is an excess-capacity cartel, one that has been induced by current generations of buyers to supply sufficient excess capacity to efficiently accommodate their prospective future emergencies.     

DURABILITY CHOICE AND THE PIRACY FOR PROFIT OF GOODS

We explore the impact of durable goods piracy in a simple two‐period durability choice setting where an originator faces a future for‐profit pirate that clones or duplicates copies of the durable good. We find that a social planner, as well as a monopoly originator, may well engage in a sort of ‘reversed planned obsolescence’. In other words, they manufacture a product that is more durable than the first‐best cost‐minimizing level, if they cannot directly control the pirate. We show this occurs even in rental or committed sales settings, indicating Swan's market independence result does not hold here.     

论我国反垄断立法中的合作社豁免问题

反垄断法豁免制度对在某些领域内存在的合法垄断给予保护,使得反垄断法的宗旨与国家产业政策和社会公共利益达成了协调。而在日益激烈的市场竞争中,合作社是提高农民组织化程度和推进农业产业化经营的一种强有力的组织形式。本文就反垄断法对合作社豁免的必要性及相关法律制度的构建作一初步探讨。     

The Network Industry,Monopoly Regulation,and Social Optimum

This paper examines pricing policy, quality levels, consumer surplus and social welfare for the monopoly and non‐monopoly case. It is shown that given certain realistic assumptions, the network industry under unregulated monopoly would yield more social welfare than in the case of several producers in the industry, and would therefore be socially preferred.     

准入规制与技术创新:基于自然垄断行业的经验分析

准入规制对自然垄断产业技术创新的影响依据其类型而不同.与竞争性市场相比,进入规制对成本节约的Ⅰ型技术创新不产生特别影响,但对创造产品需求的Ⅱ型技术创新产生抑制作用.另一方面,Ⅰ型技术创新对既有的准入规制有一定的强化作用,而Ⅱ型技术创新通过刺激需求,改变原垄断行业的自然垄断特征,会导致放松规制.对移动通讯业与治污行业的实证研究支持了上述论断.     

Pricing policies and ownership of shares as substitutes for vertical integration

The study investigates short-run pricing policies of a firm which is a monopoly in an input and also owns shares in an industry in which the monopolized input is employed. The model is a “partial” vertical integration model in the sense that there is no direct intervention by the monopoly in the industry's production and marketing decisions. The interesting results of the study are that the price to be set by the monopoly should correspond to an equality or a linear relation between the elasticity of demand for the input and the percentage of shares not owned by the monopoly.     

自然垄断行业的技术性垄断与产权非垄断

本文在简要分析自然垄断行业技术性垄断特征的基础上,引入现代产权经济学的有关理论,提出了自然垄断行业的产权非垄断假说,并区分不同情况,认为完全自然垄断行业的进入权、准自然垄断行业的多家企业的进入和适度竞争权以及所有自然垄断行业的经营权都应该按照市场竞争的原则进行配置和交易.文章进一步分析了治理自然垄断的传统方式,从实践上说明其效果并不理想,应该通过自然垄断行业的产权配置与交易治理自然垄断.在此基础上,文章提出了自然垄断行业产权配置与交易的方式,主要有国有经营权的委托授权,国有国营逐步被民营部门取代,所有权意义上的政府撤资退出和市场公开交易等.     

Unpacking the effect of exploration during environmental uncertainty: Evidence from the information technology sector

Environmental uncertainty can render managerial decision‐making about resource deployment particularly difficult. Integrating the knowledge‐based view of the firm and the organizational learning literature, we make a case for deploying specific knowledge‐based resources to cope with specific types of environmental uncertainty. We unbundle knowledge‐based resources into technology‐based and social‐network‐based resources and, using Milliken's (1987) typology of environmental uncertainty, we hypothesize that (a) technological exploration will be more effective during state uncertainty and (b) while being generally beneficial, social exploration will prove more effective during response uncertainty. An analysis of the financial performance of information technology (IT) firms in the United States over the period 1995–2004 generally supports our hypotheses. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生产性服务资源集聚模式会影响制造业资本回报率吗？

文章在测算出生产性服务资源三类集聚程度的基础上,运用空间计量方法首次深入剖析集聚模式对制造业资本回报率的作用机制,并进一步从时间异质性和距离异质性视角刻画上述机制。得到的结论主要有：首先生产性服务资源自身集聚及其与制造业协同集聚均有助于制造业资本回报率的提升,生产性服务资源与农业的协同集聚则会对制造业资本回报率产生负向冲击,这一负向冲击主要产生于2012年后;其次虽然生产性服务资源与制造业协同集聚对制造业资本回报率的作用力大于生产性服务资源自身集聚,但生产性服务资源与制造业协同集聚对制造业资本回报率正向作用的显著性上限为300公里,地理距离对生产性服务资源自身集聚正向效应的制约力则不显著;最后就业密集度、人力资本深化和生产率提升均有助于制造业资本回报率的提升,研发投入对制造业资本回报率的作用力不显著,中国制造业资本回报率持续提升还有赖于劳动者技能提升和技术进步。     

产业自然垄断与政府产业管制

作为政府产业管制理论基础之一的自然垄断理论,曾受到以有限理性约束为底蕴的规制俘虏理论、规制经济理论、公共选择理论等的批评.本文认为,这些批评在围绕政府选择行为展开的同时,涉及到了政府有限理性的约束问题.针对自然垄断现象以及与此相对应的理论,文章概要评说了自然垄断理论之于政府产业管制的理论基础,在考察自然垄断与产业管制相互关系的基础上,对政府选择行为的属性问题作出了理解,并重点分析了政府对自然垄断产业进行产业管制时所蕴含的有限理性约束.     

Durable Goods Monopoly,Buyer Uncertainty,and Concurrent Selling and Renting

Stylized durable goods monopoly models typically conclude that monopolists prefer to rent their output due to commitment problems associated with sales. However, we commonly observe monopolistic firms in durable goods industries simultaneously selling and renting output. To address this apparent discrepancy a simple two‐period asymmetric information model is constructed where buyers are uncertain of the good's durability and the firm's manufacturing costs. This is a natural asymmetric information specification since the firm typically has more precise knowledge of product durability and production costs than buyers do. The analysis indicates that a monopolist may wish to concurrently sell and rent output when buyers do not have perfect knowledge. If, for example, consumers believe that product durability and manufacturing costs are higher than they truly are, the firm may wish to simultaneously sell and rent output. Thus buyers' expectations about firm costs and product durability are of critical importance in durable goods models, particularly in terms of explaining concurrent rentals and sales.     

物流产业集群共生发展影响因素实证研究

文章根据物流产业集群发展的实际,以共生理论为基础,从资源集聚、分工合作、资源共享三个维度构建物流产业集群共生发展影响因素结构方程模型,进而对影响物流产业集群共生发展的关键因素以及这些因素之间的关系和强度进行实证检验。研究结果表明,物流产业集群的资源集聚能力、分工合作水平、资源共享能力对物流产业集群共生发展具有正向影响,它们对物流产业集群共生发展的影响和作用由大到小依次为:资源共享能力、分工合作水平、资源集聚能力。在物流产业集群演化发展的过程中,提高物流产业集群共生体的资源集聚程度,提高集群共生单元间的分工合作水平,增强集群共生体的资源共享能力,都将促进物流产业集群的共生发展。     

家电行业厂商议价能力与分销渠道研究

家电行业的销售渠道控制力之争日趋激烈,谁控制了终端谁就拥有了制定渠道规则的话语权。针对中国家电市场的营销环境,从供需双方数量、独占性资源、战略性资产、关系专用性投资、购买方式、品牌溢价、盈利能力和信息透明度等层面对影响厂商议价能力的因素进行分析,认为在相当长的一段时间内我国家电行业分销渠道仍将呈现多元化的局面。     

How many pirates should a software firm tolerate?: An analysis of piracy protection on the diffusion of software

This paper examines the relationship between the rate of software diffusion and piracy. Literature suggests that tolerating some piracy can be justified since it speeds up software diffusion. The question is, how much should be tolerated? Using innovation diffusion models of software adoption by legal buyers and pirates, answers to this question are obtained for the three scenarios of monopoly, multiple generations of software and competitive markets. Results include, for example, that a monopoly should start with minimum protection of its software but well before the product has diffused half way, impose maximum protection and maintain it thereafter. The results provide important strategic guidelines for firms in the software industry for managing piracy.