Affirmative Disclosure of Nutrition Information and Consumers' Food Preferences: A Review

In order to evaluate a food advertising regulation proposed by the FTC, this paper examines some empirical studies of food marketing practices and their influence on consumer attitudes and behavior toward nutrition information and dietary habits. The requirement for affirmative disclosure of nutrition information may fall short of its intended goal because consumers have low motivation to use such information and inadequate comprehension of it. Moreover, the limited information processing capacity of the average person may preclude effective communication of nutrition information in a television commercial. The regulation's most likely impact would be to create awareness of nutrition information and increase the salience of nutrition in the consumer's food choices. Unless consumer education programs are coordinated with the regulatory efforts, lack of motivation and comprehension in the use of nutrition information will be a major barrier in achieving any significant improvement in the nutrition status of consumers.     

Affirmative action and redistributive ethics

Management faces complex race related issues in which groups arguing entitlement appear to claim benefits historically enjoyed by others. Thus many affirmative action issues provoke animosity because they are framed as zero sum problems. To some extent they are zero sum. Therefore, rationales for corporate policy must address that forthrightly. Up to now the corporate justification has been weak. The article describes a social debt owed interracially resulting from the accumulation of current class benefits from past discrimination, and asserts that affirmative action policies have a firm ethical basis inasmuch as they are affectively redistributing benefits to pay the social debt. Richard F. America is a program manager at the U.S. Small Business Administration and Research Associate at the Howard University, Institute for Urban Affairs. He has taught at the business schools at the University of California at Berkeley and at Stanford University, and was a consultant at Stanford Research Institute. He is coauthor (with Bernard E. Anderson) of Moving Ahead: Black Managers in American Business,McGraw Hill, New York, NY, 1978.     

基于农村居民消费行为的家电企业营销策略探讨

本文认为.影响我国农村居民家电消费行为的主要因素有收入水平、消费基础设施环境、所处社会群体、传统消费观念和文化水平、家电企业的营销行为等.文章提出,家电企业开拓农村市场,应实施以差异化为特色的目标市场策略.采用以适销对路为核心的产品策略、以低价实惠为特色的价格策略、可有效吸引农村居民注意力的促销策略和反应迅速及时的服务策略,同时建立以畅通、高效为特色的渠道系统.     

The Ethical Case for Affirmative Action

Affirmative action has been a particularly contentious policy issue that has polarised contributions to the debate. Over recent times in most western countries, support for affirmative action has, however, been largely snuffed out or beaten into retreat and replaced by the concept of ‹diversity management’. Thus, any contemporary study that examines the development of affirmative action would suggest that its opponents have won the battle. Nonetheless, this article argues that because the battle has been won on dubious ethical grounds it is important that we do not allow affirmative action to sink unnoticed. This article explores and challenges the ethical and philosophical underpinnings of opponents’ views and finds their cases against affirmative action are not ethically sound. The article concludes there are strong ethical grounds for those organisations which seek to do well, to reassert affirmative action programmes in the global efforts to eradicate systemic discrimination and disadvantage.     

Affirmative Action Policy and Changing Views

Critiquing any practice, theory, or law, requires understanding the characteristics of the environment which created a need for this law. There are hundreds of different cultures in the world, and each one has its own set of norms, characteristics, and values. What in one country is perceived normal, ethical or unethical, right or wrong, may not be the same somewhere else in the world. The first civilizations begun in Africa and Europe many thousands of years ago when people were hunters and nomads, it is not unreasonable to suspect that many of those traits and characteristics have been socially transferred and/or inherited by future generations. Anthony F. Libertella is the Dean of the School of Business, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY. Sebastian A. Sora is an Associate Professor of Management, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY. Samuel M. Natale is a Professor of Management, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY and, concurrently, Senior Research Associate, Department of Educational Studies, University of Oxford, England.     

Affirmative action: An ethical evaluation

This paper examines four major arguments advanced by opponents of race and gender conscious affirmative action and rebuts them on the basis of moral considerations. It is clear that the problem of past racial/gender discrimination has not disappeared; its effects linger, resulting in a wide disparity in opportunities and attainments between minorities/women and whites/males. Affirmative action, although not the perfect solution, is by far the most viable method of redressing the effects of past discrimination. Thus it cannot be dismissed lightly by way of arguing for mere colorblindness. Bill Shaw is Professor of Business Law at the University of Texas at Austin. He is on the editorial board of the American Business Law Journal and the Midwest Law Review. Among his most recent publications are The Legal Environment of Business (with Art Wolfe), Environmental Law: Text and Cases, The Global Environment: A Proposal to Eliminate Marine Oil Pollution (With Frank Cross and Brenda Winslett, The Natural Resources Journal), and Comparable Worth and Its Prospects (The Labor Law Journal). Professor Shaw would like to acknowledge the research assistance of Ms. Sohni Z. Yousuff.     

Purchasing power

The concept of power in commercial exchange relationships is defined in terms of changes in purchasing and product specifications. A distinction is drawn between actual and potential purchasing power. The relationship between the interdependent nature of buyer-supplier relations, the attractiveness and availability of the resources offered by both suppliers and buyers, and the factors affecting the ability of buyers to convert potential into actual power, are explored.     

Affirmative action as a form of restitution

Though the common sense defense of affirmative action (or employment equity) appeals to principles of restitution, philosophers have tried to defend it in other ways. In contrast, I defend it by appealing to the notion of restitution, arguing (1) that alternative attempts to justify affirmative action fail; and (2) that ordinary affirmative action programs need to be supplemented and amended in keeping with the principles this suggests. Leo Groarke is associate professor of philosophy at Wilfrid Laurier University. His work has appeared in a number of scholarly journals, including Dialogue, Atlantis, The Public Affairs Quarterly, Teaching Philosophy and The Journal of the History of Philosophy. His books include Nuclear War: Philosophical Perspectives (1985) and Greek Scepticism (forthcoming from McGill-Queen's University Press).     

诱人的"跨国采购"

为什么要搞"跨国采购"? 随着经济全球化的推进,全球年跨国采购总额保持在500亿美元左右,而中国只占1%.信息技术的高速腾飞注定跨国公司经营管理模式从传统的"纵向一体化"向"横向一体化"发展,推出"供应链"的管理模式,以发挥供应链上每一节点的竞争优势和实现价值最大化.     

上市银行内部控制信息披露:理论框架及数据分析

内部控制信息是上市银行对外披露的重要信息之一,信息披露是资本市场提高公信力的制度安排。本文根据上市银行2013年内部控制现状,分别从外部信息使用者、监管部门和上市银行多角度分析内控披露问题及产生原因,并提出完善上市银行内控信息披露的建议。     

如何订立国际货物买卖合同的基本条款(下)

在订立上述商务方面的条款外,一般还应当订立法律条款。法律条款的订立,根据国际货物买卖的习惯在订立合同文件的背面较多,具体内容如下：     

家,甜美的家!

在欧洲,自己动手器材商店的市场在过去5年中一直经历着一场前所未有的繁荣.专家们认为,高昂的住宅价格是导致这种繁荣的原因,这使得住宅的主人们更有理由去改善他们的住房或者扩展他们的花园.从某种程度上看,无数的住宅改善和造园方案也对这种趋势起着推波助澜的作用,这些方案和计划频繁地出现在无线和有线电视节目中;有关这个主题的杂志和书籍也出现同样惊人地巨增,并随处可见.     

Purchasing Competence: A Stakeholder‐Based Framework for Chief Purchasing Officers

A specific research stream within the purchasing and supply management literature focuses on the development of purchasing competence frameworks. We apply stakeholder theory and multiple methods of data collection to develop and confirm a hierarchy‐specific purchasing competence management framework for Chief Purchasing Officers and validate it using confirmatory factor analysis on empirical data from 124 multinational companies. The results reveal a significant relationship between Chief Purchasing Officers purchasing management competence and different purchasing performance measures confirming the appropriateness of stakeholder theory for such a competence framework.     

电子化采购优势分析及实施电子采购策略

网络时代,电子化采购以特定的技术创建了企业通用的交易平台,利用中央数据库,为买家提供了接触大量供应商的通道,消除了交易中的无用步骤,减少了书面工作和供应链上的浪费,降低了商业成本,改善了商业活动周期,提升了采购行为能力,具有传统采购方式无法比拟的竞争优势。     

Discrimination and Disidentification: The Fair-Start Defense of Affirmative Action

The Fair-Start Defense justifies affirmative action preferences as a response to harms caused by race- and sex-based discrimination. Rather than base a justification for preferences on the traditional appeal to self-esteem, I argue they are justified in virtue of the effects institutional discrimination has on the goals and aspirations of its victims. In particular, I argue that institutional discrimination puts women and blacks at an unfair competitive disadvantage by causing academic disidentification. Affirmative action is justified as a means of negating this unfair disadvantage.     

私家车购买影响因素分析

一、引言随着私家车在我国的日益普及,与汽车相关的行业也如日中天,汽车产业已经迅速发展成为一个庞大的产业。在2003年,整车销售增加了37%,达到了439万辆,比1992年增加了100万辆(《亚洲汽车》2004)。中国已经超过了韩国,成为亚太地区仅次于日本的第二大汽车市场。近10年我国私     

国际企业采购新模式

互联网技术的飞速发展,对企业的国际采购模式的创新有着巨大影响,无疑为目标的实现提供了最佳的途径和契机。企业传统采购方式向网络采购方式转型,应结合自身实际,科学选择自用采购、采购联盟以及中介采购网站等采购模式,从而保证大幅降低企业运营成本,提高企业利润,保证企业生产流程的顺利进行。同时,要加强管理,避免暗箱操作等灰色采购行为的发生。     

China＇s Role in Purchasing Chain

In current world market,＂Made-in-China＂often means good price and competitive quality.In terms of China＇s trade pattern,more than half of Chinese exporting products belong to processing trade industry according to the demands and requirements of international orders.On the purchasing chain,China is learning from its international partners.Safety and quality always tops all issues.[第一段]